The Latin Grammar, Part 1 · Subpart 75 – Subpart 121

The Latin Grammar · Part 1 · Subpart 75 – Subpart 121

p. 48Annotations.

Nounes of this Declenſion anſwering to the fifth of the Simples, and to the firſt, ſecond, and fifth of the Contracts in the Greeke, have all ſeven Genders, and ſome few exotick, either Greeke Appellatives, or Hebrew proper Names, have two more Terminations, the one in y. the other in id. as moly molyos, Neuter by Termination, David, Davidis, Maſculine by ſignification, declined regularly like the reſt.

A. and e. in this Declenſion are terminations of Nounes Neuter onelyonly; as problema problematis, cubile cubilis maenia maenium. O. in Nounes Primitive of two Syllabls, is a termination Maſculine: as ordo ordinus, ſermo ſermonis; and in theſe Nounes p. 49of many Syllables, pugio pugionis, ſcipio titio, ſenio ternio. But caro, carnis not increaſing is Foeminine, and ſo is grando grandinis, with all Derivatives of many Syllables ending in do, and go; as dulcedo dulcedinis, prurigo pruriginis, except harpago harpaginis, a Greeke Noune▪ Maſculine. Likewiſe derivative Verbals, and Denominatives, ending in io, bee Foeminines; as lectio lectionis: ſo legio, concio, with communio, ditio, talio, rebellio, perduellio; laſtly, Hiericho Hiericbuntis, by ſignification is Foeminine: But bubo bubonis, is of the doubtfull Gender, and hirundo hirundinis, an Epicoene.

c. and t. are endings of Neuters onelyonly, as caput capitis, lac lactis; halec is an Aprote; for halecis doth come from halex a Foeminine.

Al, and el, are Neutrall endings; as mel mellis, animal animalis: but ſal, in a different ſenſe is Neutrall, or Maſculine, in the Singular, but maſculine onelyonly in the Plurall, uſed for facetiae.

Il. ol. and ul. are Maſculine endings, as mugil mugilis, which with old Authors was Pariſyllabicall, ſol ſolis, exul exulis: which laſt is accounted common, but good Authors ſay exulem & vagam reduxit, or vagam ab exilio, not vagam exulem.

An. in. on. are Maſculine terminations, as Paean Paeanis, Evan Evantis, Delphis or Delphin, Delphinis. Xenophon Xenophontis, by ſignification and termination Maſculines: and agon agonis, canon canonis, by termination onelyonly: But Sindon Sindonis, is Foeminine, and halcyon halcyonis, aedon aedonis Epicoenes.

En. is a Neutrall ending, as lumen luminis, but pecten pectinis, ren renis, and ſplen, lichen, lien, are Maſculines.

p. 50Ar. and ur. bee Neutrall terminations, as calcar calcaris, being formerly Pariſyllabicall, hepar, for hepas, by antitheſis, hepatis: far farris, for difference from faris, fatur, murmur murmuris, …ecur iecoris, and iecinoris, by Epentheſis, or from an obſolet iecinus, but ſalar ſalaris, and furfur furfuris, bee Maſculines, turtur and vultur Epicoens.

Er. is a Maſculine termination, as imber imbris, alacer alacris, pater patris, campeſter campeſtris, with many more both Subſtantives and Adiectives, ſyncopated in all Obliques, after b. c. t. aether aetheris, crater crateris, puber, and pubes by Antitheſis, puberis, except it er ſyncopated, for itiner itineris, ver veris, cadaver cadaveris. And cicer, laſer, ſpinther, piper, papaver, Neuters, with ſicer, laver, which as Herbes be Foeminines by ſignification: But linter lintris, clyſter clyſteris bee of the doubtfull Gender, and paſſer paſſeris an Epicoene.

Or. increaſing long is a Maſculine ending, as, honor, and honos by Antitheſis, honoris, but arbor arboris, is Foeminine, and cor cordis Neuter, with ador, or ados adoris, aequor, marmor, and all others increaſing ſhort.

Yr. is a termination of Greeke Nounes, being the common of two by ſignification; as martyr martyris.

As. a termination of Nounes increaſing, is Foeminine; as pietas pietatis, lampas lampadis, except vas vadis, and as aſſis, which with all ponderals derived thence, as bes beſsis, ſemis, or ſemiſſis, ſemiſsis, decunx decuncis, dodrans dodrantis are Maſculines, ſo are likewiſe Gigas gigantis, and mas maris, by ſignification; but vas vaſis is Neuter.

Aus. is a termination Foeminine: as laus laudis.

p. 51Es. is a termination Foeminine of pariſyllabicall Nounes, as nubes nubis, and a Maſculine ending of impariſyllabicals, as pes pedis, termes termetis, fomes fomitis, lebes lebetis; but Chremes making Chremis, and Chremetis, is by ſignification Maſculine, ſo are abies abietis, Ceres Ce…eris Foeminines, aes aeris is Neuter, vepres vepris, palumbes palumbis, and ales alitis are of the doubtfull Gender, and vulpes Epicoene. Nounes plurall onelyonly that end in es, do analogically keep ſuch Gender as they ſhould bee of, were they regular, and had the ſingular, as ambages Faeminine, and natales Maſculine, becauſe ambages, and natalis their ſingulars would bee ſuch.

Is. of Nounes increaſing, or not increaſing, is moſtly a termination Foeminine as navis navis, lis litis, cuſpis cuſpidis, geneſis geneſeos or geneſios, charis charitos, ſo Themis making Themis or The…idis, or Themiſſis, and Salamis or Salamin S…laminis, are by ſignification feminines, likewiſe Simoeis Simoentis, …s by ſignification maſculine. Some impariſyllabi…alls encreaſing in dis nis and ris are maſculines, as …pis lapidis, Aeneis Aeneidis or Aeneidos, ſanguis ſan…uinis, glis gliris, vomis for vomer vomeris. And few …ariſyllabicalls.

Maſcula ſunt piſcis, faſcis, ſic menſis et orbis.

…t corbis ſentis vectis ſic vermis et axis.

Et fuſtis poſtis torris velut anguis et unguis.

Quaelibet in quis lis demum claudentia nisve.

All Adjectives ending in is are of the Common two, as tuſſis, likewiſe Scrobis ſcrobis or ſcrobs ſcro…s, is of the doubtfull gender.

p. 52Os making otis will be feminine, as Cos cotis, dos dotis, and making oris, maſculine, as flos floris, but os oris, and os oſſis, with epos epeos, and ſuch Greek words be neuters. Heros herois, is by ſignification Maſculine, and ſo are cuſtos cuſtodis, ſacerdos ſac…rdotis, of the Common of two; us increaſing ſhort, is a termination neutrall, as corpus corporis, vulnus vulneris, or increaſing long in Monoſyllables, and Nounes of the Comparative degree, as ius, iuri, melius melioris, but mus muris, lepus leporis, ligus or ligur liguris, be Maſculines by ſignification, pecus pecudis, is feminine, if pecudis be not a pariſyllabicall. Any other Nounes increaſing long are feminines, as incus, ſubſcus, palus paludis, tellus telluris, virtus virtutis, ſo opus opuntis is feminine by ſignification, and likewiſe grus gruis of the doubtful Gender.

Ys is a termination feminine of Greek Nounes, as Chelys Chelyos, Chlamys Chlamydis or Chlamydos. But Gortys or Gortyn Gorlynos, is by ſignification and termination faeminine.

S. with another conſonant next it in the end of Nounes is a feminine termination, as trabs or trabes trabis, glans glandis, pars partis, hyems hyemis, ſtips o… ſtipis, ſtipis, fron… frondis or frontis, puls pultis, and Tiryn… Tirynthis feminine by ſignification. But fons fontis, …ons, pons, dens and Hydrops Hydropis, Chalybs Chalybis, Gryps Gryphis are maſculines. And princeps principis, auceps aucupis of the common of two by ſignification, adeps adipis, forceps forcipis, of the doubtfull Gender, concors concrod…s, caelebs caelibis, anceps ancipitis of the common of three.

X. Being the termination of Nouns is feminine … pax, pacis, nex necis, carex caricis, nix nivis, filix filicis, nos noctis, lux lucis, obſolet frux frugis, ſtyx ſtygis, coccys p. 53onix onych is. But theſe grex gregis, remex re…igis, and thorax thoracis, caudex or codex codicis, podex, culex, pulex, mu…ex, ramex, rumex, apex, latex frutex, pollex, vertex, calix, volvox, tradux, bombyx are maſculines, and ſo is Hylax Hylactis by ſignification; but ſenex ſenis for ſenecis is of the common of two: And lim…x limacis, imbrex imbricis, varix va…icis of the doubtfull gender, ſo …udax audacis, tr…lex triplicis, f…elix faelicis, velox velocis, trux trucis of the Common of three.

Of the Dative ſingular.

The Dative ſingular of ſome Nounes in this Declenſion is regular, ending only in i, and thoſe not only Greek, as poeſis poeſi, but alſo latine, being either proper names as Cha…ybdis, Opis, Fabaris, Syrtis, or Appellatives, as buris, amuſſis, ſtrigilis mare, or the two laſt endings apocopated, as mugil, vigil, animal, calcar, par, ſeptember, memo…, and moſt Adjectives except theſe that follow which have a redundant Dative in e. to wit, all Participles not made Nouns participial as n…cens, not innocens, or ſuch as are defective in the neuter as Senex, Juvenis, or that increaſe ſhort, as deſes, uber, vetus, or that increaſe long, being made proper names, as Clemens, Faelix.

Many Subſtantives have the redundant Dative in e. to wit Nounes ſyncopated, as caro venter, and collis turris, with ſuch like doubling l. and r. ſo apis nubes dogma grando ſermo lac ſal ſplen far mas virtus caput lex, but victrix and ſuch nounes verbal taken adjectively, may be uſed indifferently.

p. 54Of the Accuſative ſingular.

Subſtantives in the Accuſative ſingular end only in im, whoſe Datives end only in i. and other pariſyllabicals end either in em or im; whoſe Datives may take or leave the redundancie, as navis, puppis: but all the reſt being no neuters, both Subſtantives and Adjectives end only in em, except Greek Nounes which have for their terminations in, as geneſin, ſome yn, or a, Erinnyn or Erinnyda, and ſome em or a. as aetherem, or aethera, and latine Nouns Greekwiſe as caſſidem or caſſida.

Of the Nominative and Genitive plurall.

All Adjectives or Subſtantives neuter increaſing ſhort, and monoſyllable Subſtantives that end in us encreaſing long, make the Nominative plurall in a. and the Genitive plurall in um as caeliba caelibum, ſo vigila participa votera memora impota dogmata crura. Other monoſyllables make the Nominative likewiſe in a. but the Genitive in ium, as corda cordium, oſſa oſſium. And all other netuers not increaſing, increaſing long, whether of Subſtantives or Adjectives, make ia, and ium, as retia retium, ſo vectigalia laquedria omnia folicia, excepting nounes of the comparative degree, as meliora meliorum.

Subſtantives of other Genders in the Genitive plurall end in um, either increaſing ſhort or ſyncopated as ſanguinum, fratrum, ſalub…um, volucrum, campeſtrum, or not increaſing, that have a vowell next before um pum or tum, as canum opum vatum, or increaſing long with a vowell next before cum dum gum num …rum tum, as radicum, paludum, p. 55legum, leonum, rumorum, civitatum, and the reſt end for the moſt part in ium, as Ʋrbium faſcium vadium ſalium carnium marium merſium litium. Genitives plurall of some nounes that end in ium, are ſyncopated as ſapi…ntum caeleſtum boum. Some admit Epentheſis as alituum caelituum, ſome end Greek-wiſe, as haereſe…n.

Of Datives plurall.

The Dative plurall of ſome greek nouns end in aſi, as dryaſi for dryadibus. And likewiſe bos will make bubus, and bobus for bovibus.

Of Accuſatives plurall.

The Accuſatives plurall end ſometimes in eis, of Subſtantives and Adiectives feminine, that end in the genitive plurall in ium, as parteis omneis, being an Archaiſme, and ſometimes the Adiective is contracted, as omnis for omn…is. And in greek nounes that Caſe doth end ſometimes in as greek-wiſe as rhetoras for rhetores.

Nounes redundant being of this and other Declenſions.

Some Nouns redundant are of this and the fifth Declenſion, as requies requietis and requ…ei, ſo fames famis and famei; ſome are in the ſingular of this, in the Plurall of the ſecond, as vas vaſis, and vaſa vaſorum, from vaſum now obſolet.

p. 56Of the fourth Declenſion.

Nounes of the fourth Declenſion end in us, being for moſt part Maſculine verballs, few other Nounes in us are feminines, and all pluralls in ua …euters, being derived from Aptotes ſingular in u; the Nounes variable are declined as in theſe examples.

Singulariter.

Pluraliter.

Annotations.

Subſtantives of this Declenſion anſwering neereſt to the fourth of the contracts in the Greek, may be of any Gender, having the Common of two an… Epicoene. Some Greek proper names of this Declenſion have a third termination of rects in o. as Clio, Clotho, Gorgo, Jo, Mantho, Sappho, all feminines by ſignification, and are declined as in this example.

p. 57Singulariter.

Pluraliter.

Some few Appelatives are likewiſe feminines, as porticus acus tribus manus colus domus ficus, and the plurall idus, likewiſe penus ſpecus be of the doubtfull gender.

Of the Genitive ſingular.

The Genitive ſingular of this Declenſion with old Authors did end ſometimes in i. as fructi for fructus copia, ſo tumulti, ornati. And ſometimes in uis as del…ium anuis, for anus. And the Genitive plurall is often ſyncopated, as Currum.

Of the Dative ſingular and plurall.

Some Poets have uſed the Dative ſingular only in u. as parce metu. Moreover the Dative plurall of arcus artus lacus partus ſpe…us tribus veru do end only in ubus, but cornu genu portus do end both in ibus and ubus, and moſt other Nounes in ibus only.

Of Nounes redundant, being of this and other Declenſions.

Nouns redundant are of this and the ſecond Declenſion, as Domus domi, for any dwelling place, and Domus domus for an edifice, ficus fici for the Tree, and ficus ficus for the fruit, colus coli for the Inſtrument p. 58and colus colus for the work: others are of this and the third, as penus penoris and penus.

Of the fifth Declenſion.

Nouns of the fifth Declenſion end only in es, being feminines, and are thus declined.

Singulariter.

Pluraliter.

Annotations.

The fifth (having no affinity with Greek Declenſions, as the redundant Dative hath none with Greek caſes) is a latine Declenſion of Nounes deſcending moſtly from other Declenſions, either the fi…ſt, as from mollitia mollities, from deſidia deſidies, from Barbaria Barbaries, or the ſecond, as from alluvium alluvies, or the third, as from plebs plebes, or the fourth, as from acus acies.

And Nounes of this Declenſion be feminines, as moſt uſually derived from ſuch, except dies of the doubtfull Gender in the ſingular, and maſculine in the plurall, and meridies only maſculine: furthermore dies with effigies facies res ſpecies and acies are entire in the plurall. But the reſt have only the Nominative and Accuſative plurall, or entirely want that number, as betokening vertues or vices, p. 59whereof in Nounes Anomalous, remaining only to be handled.

Of the Genitive and Dative Singular.

Dies with good Authors is found in the Genitive, as paena dies for diei, ſo is die apocopated, mercatus die ſeptimi. And Dii ſyncopated, laetiliamque di…, but this laſt may come from dius obſolet, whence are diu and moſt Derivatives that are in uſe, likewiſe the Dative ſingular in other Nounes is oft contracted, as res commiſſa fide, for fidei.

The termination of Nouns being the Common of two.

Sus canis exul homo vates bos author & infans

Dux que pugil que parens princeps cum vindic… Martyr.

Bifronsverna ſenex, quaevis Gentilia, ut Arcas.

The termination of Nounes▪ the Doubtfull Gender.

Groſſus adeps limax varix ſpecus anguis et imbrex.

Barbitos atque dies tradux ſcrobs cum grue linter.

Maſculines ſeldome Feminines.

Bubo cinis cortex ales cum cardine margo

At que rudens et onyx python cum calce, pede imo.

Feminines ſeldome Maſculines.

Halcyon et forceps natrix lynx talpa cupido.

p. 60Of Nounes Anomalous.

Nounes Anomalous are ra…ged to foure ſorts, that is to ſay, to redundants, defectives, heterogeneous and heteroclitous, whereto may be added Heteroeidous, ſuch as have divers formes, proper to the Pronouns, and Hete…oſchematous belonging unto Compounds▪ all notified all…eady in their diſtinct places.

Of Nounes Heteroclit.

Nounes Heteroclit ſwarving moſtly from the regular, and very needfull to be known, as very uſuall, are theſe that follow, ego tu ſui is iſte ille ipſe hic qui ambo and duo, the three firſt being totally irregular, and the eight laſt only in parte, are declined as in the following inſtances.

Singulariter.

Pluraliter.

Singulariter & Pluraliter.

p. 61Singulariter.

Pluraliter.

Singulariter.

Pluraliter.

And in like manner be declined ille and ipſe, ſaving that ipſe maketh the neuter ipſum.

p. 62Singulariter.

Pluraliter.

Singulariter.

Pluraliter.

Pluraliter.

And in like manner Amb—

o

ae

o

&c.

p. 63Num and en compounded, or ne ſi and alius appoſed to, or compounded with quis, will change quae both ſingular and neuter plurall to qua:num; en, ſi, and ne are ſcarce compounded with any other Caſe beſides the Nominative and the Accuſative; but alius is compounded with quis in all Caſes, and quae or quod may be appoſed thereunto.

Se may be doubled in the Accuſative and quis in that and other caſes, as in the Nominative quiſquis quicquid, in the Dative Ablativall quoquo quaqua quoquo, and in the Accuſative quicquid.

Iſle and hic are compounded together in the Nominative, iſtic iſtaec iſtoc and iſtuc, in the Dative Ablativall iſtoc iſtac iſtoc, in the Accuſative iſtunc iſtanc iſtoc or iſtuc. And ecce with eum and cam eos and eas, eccum eccam eccos eccas. And en with illum illam as ellum ellam. Laſtly, quis in the Nominative, and qui in the Dative ablativall being ſeperate, are of the Common of two.

Of Nounes heterogeneous.

Some Nouns with the number change their Gender, as in the following inſtances.

Maſculines in the Singular, Neuters in the Plurall: as avernus averna, Pangaeus Pangaea, where the Neutrall Adiectives may bee put Subſtantively, or refer to known Appellatives, the firſt to flumina, the laſt to arva, or iuga.

Maſculines in the Singular, Maſculines and Neuters in the Plurall; as iocus, locus, ioci, or ioca, loci, or loca, both being with old Authors Neuter in the Singular, but now grown obſolet.

p. 64Feminines in the Singular, and Neuters in the Plurall; as carbaſus carbaſa, the Neuter Singular being now obſolet, and the Maſculine Plurall: Neuters in the Singular, Maſculines in the Plurall, as caelum eaeli, and caeli caelorum, neither Singular of this, nor Plurall of that being in uſe.

Neuters in the Singular Maſculine, and Neuter in the Plurall: as fraenum fraeni, and fraena, raſtrum, raſtri and raſtra, the Maſculines Singular being obſolet.

Neuters in the Singular, Feminines in the Plurall: as delicium deliciae.

Neuter in the ſingular, common of three in the Plurall; as plus, pluris, plures and plura. In all which Examples it would bee an eaſier way to account ſuch Nounes defective in the number, which they want, whereby all the Heterogeneous vaniſh, as needleſſe incumbrances to young Students. And upon the ſame account may be iuſtly baniſhed the combination of Nounes defective: as of Jupiter with Jovis, ſupellex with ſupellectilis, and ſuch others, which ought not to paſſe ſo, elſe by the ſame Law all Compounds of ſuch defective Simples ſhould retaine like Obliques: but Marſpiter will not make Mars Jovis; neither doth Dijovis come from dieſpiter, but dieſpitris.

Of Nounes defective in Declenſion.

All Aptotes ſpoken of in the Genders are defective.

p. 65Of Nounes defective in the ſingular Number.

All the Cardinall Nounes of number, (unus excepted) are defective in the Singular: as duo tres quatuo…, ducenti, millia; Diſtributives, as ſinguli gemini, bini, trini, or t…rni: but ſuch are uſed of Poets in the ſingular, terno conſurgunt ordine remi, yet in a different ſenſe.

Nounes implying a Dignity do commonly want the Singular, whether proper Names of Townes, Gabij, Th…bae, Pergama: of Feaſts, Floralio: of Games Apollinares, Pythia: of Bookes, Biblia; or Appellatives, ſuperi, lares, Penates, Caelites, proceres, primores, magnates, ſori, faſces, natales, maiores aedes nuptiae munia: or betokening terrour, as manes parcae lemures, inſeriae: or plenty, divitiae opes blanditiae, ſales, and facetiae, in the ſame ſenſe, or at leaſt variety idus, calendae, ſortes, dirae, lactes, bellaria.

Of Nounes defective in the Plurall.

All proper Names (unleſſe they are Plurall only, as in the former rule) or taken Appellatively, …ot for the perſons, but for their conditions inſtanced in the variation of Subſtantives, are onelyonly ſingular: as Jda Tagus Lelaps. Some of theſe admit of both numbers, but in a double ſenſe: as Pergamus, a Towne in Aſia, and Pergama, the Trojan-turrets, or in a double notion, as Argos an aptote, and Argi variable.

Appellatives alſo want the Plurall, being abſtracts, as gloria lux, and in particular ſuch as betoken Vertues or Vices, whether morall, as fama pudor indoles culpa labes: or naturall, as ſalus contagio podagra fames ſitis vita mors lethum: ſpecially ſuch as p. 66end like deſidia, ſapientia ignavia materia pietas fortitudo, Or Names of peculiar Ages, as pubes ſenium: Or Names of any Office of Perſons, or property of place or time, tribunatus tablinum iuſtitium: or Names of Plants or Fruites, bacchar triticum ſiligo: or of Liquids and things meaſurable, pix lac oleum butyrum ſaccarum: or of Metals, aurum argentum ferum, aes for aera the aptote Plurall and ſuch others, betoken things materiat, not the bare matter. Or Nounes collective or Diſtributive, having in the ſingular a force of Plurals, as vulgus, plebs, proles alter nemo.

Laſtly Names of things individuall, as mundus phaenix, ſol ignis, for ſoles, and ignes ſignifie daies, or heates; ſo veſper oriens ver, hyems meridies unus: wee read unis vivunt legibus for ijſdem, but oftner proceres uni, for ſoli.

Of Defectives in Caſes.

Monoptotes being onelyonly rects, Jupiter, ſupellex, for ſupellectilis is a regular Adiective, exſpes, macte ſingular, and macti plurall, being onelyonly Genitives, as nauci dicis cuiuſmodi, which may bee an Aptote Adiective, impraeſentiarum which may be an Adverb, being only Datives Acquiſitive, oſtentui, diſpicatui, diviſui inductui, or Ablativals ambage impete injuſſu, natu, & diu noctu aſtis imprimis ingrat…is, which may bee Adverbes, being onelyonly Accuſatives, eccos ellas inficias, inferias.

Diptotes being Nominatives and Accuſatives, dica dicam, and all Aptotes, excepting ſuch as end in u. likewiſe ſuppetiae ſuppetias with pariſyllabicall Plurals of the third Declenſion; as grates, and many Plurals of the fifth, and hyemes for colds …r ſtormes: and rura fora ora man…, taken indefinitely, p. 67not particularly. Being Rects and Ablatives, fors forte; being Gen…tives and Ablativalls, ſpontis ſponte, verberis verbere, iugeris iugere, repetundarum repetundis: Being Accuſatives and Ablatives, as dictum dictu, and all Supinalls.

Triptotes wanting Rects, Jovis, ſui (the Primitive) and dapis, frugis, ditionis, precis, vicis, opis, ſordis, primoris: or wanting the Genitive, as nemo quiſquis iſtic faeces vices; or wanting the Dative, as plus tantundem.

Of Defectives in Gender and Perſon.

Pauper dives iuvenis, and ſuch other want Neuters, caetera caeterum doth want a Maſculine, ſatius is neuter only, Ego nos tu vos have each but one Perſon.

Of Nounes redundant in Gender.

All Nounes Epicoene by ſyntheſis, or, of the doubtfull, or, of the common of two, or of the common of three; as elephantus bubo parens faelix, bee redundant in Gender, becauſe they do by ſignification belong to many, though by conſtruction they referre certainely unto one Gender, whereof already.

Of Redundants both in Genders and Declenſions.

Some Adiectives do abound, as in Declenſion, ſo in Gender, being of two or three divers endings; as inermis, or inermus: ſo bijugis, enervis, magnanimis, effraenis; and with ſome Authors, inſomnis proclivis, illimis, enormis, imberbis, inſormis, hilaris, end alſo in us. And with ſome Authors procerus, and benignus, end alſo in is.

p. 68And moveable Subſtantives will abound as in Gender ſo in Declenſion, ſponſa ſponſus, admonitum, admonitio admonitus, caſſida caſſis, baptiſmus baptiſma, alluvium, alluvio alluvies, abacus abax, gryphus gryps, pavus pavo, hebdomada hebdomas, mulctra mulctrale, involoc…um involucre, occipitium occiput, praeſepium praeſepe, tonurum tonurus, delphinus delphis, or delphin, with many more.

Other Subſtantives abound in Gender but not in their Declenſion; as baculus baculum, tapes tapete, and ſuch other. And other Nounes are redundant, either in caſe alone, or in Declenſions onelyonly notified in their proper places.

Laſtly, beſides theſe Anomalies of Nounes in the direct motions by caſes, and in the indirect motions by Genders, there is another tranſverſe motion of Adiectives made by compariſons which is anomalous and irregular, ſpoken of already in the various Figures of Nounes.

Of Verbes and their formes or kindes.

Verbs like Nouns are of two kinds, being either Subſtantive betokening to be, or Adjective ſignifying to do, or ſuffer.

The kindes of Verbes Subſtantive.

Verbs Subſtantive may be diſtinguiſhed as they ſignifie either. 1. Truth of being, as ſum fio exiſto evado maneo naſcor orior efficior tueor conſtituor vivo, or 2 the hope of being as rogor poſcor exoror deſignor: or 3, the opinion of being, as audio, for vocor credor dicor habeor exiſtimor videor: or 4 the experience of being, as arguor cognoſcor inſcribor.

p. 69The kindes of Verbes Adjective.

Verbs Adjectivall have foure kinds, being either Neuter, Active, Paſſive, or Deponent; the two firſt ending in o, and the two laſt in or.

Of Verbes Neuter.

The Verb Neuter betokneing either to do, or ſuffer is intranſitive or abſolute, having a signification in it ſelfe compleat, either Actively in Verbs of geſture, as diſcumbo ſurgo ſto venio diſcedo mingo, nubo with their Meditatives, micturio nupturio; or Paſſively in Verbs inceptives and their Primitives, as caleſeo and caleo, and in many others, as aegroto vapulo veneo liceo fio with its Compounds.

Of Verbes Active.

A Verb Active having of it ſelfe an imperfect ſignification, is alwaies tranſitive to a ſufferer, either perſon or thing; as pater amat filium & ejus indolem, and ſome are tranſitive only to the thing of the ſame ſignification with themſelves, …s gaudium gaudet, alienum arat ſundum, bibit vinum, canit hymnum.

Of Verbes Paſſive.

The Verb Paſſive hath alſo an imperfect ſenſe without recourſe unto the Doer: for correlatives reflect upon, and withall interpret each another: as amatur a patre filius, eadem contilena canitur.

Of Verbes Deponent.

A Verb Deponent laying aſide the tranſverſe p. 70motion from or, to o, doth in the paſſive termination retain the three former ſignifications, in that reſpect called alſo a Verb common: as rarius oſculor, uſed abſolutely for a Verb of geſture, oſculor te, uſed tranſitively, referring to a ſufferer, oſculor a te, uſed paſſively reflecting upon the doer.

Few Verbs will equally ſhare in all three ſenſes, but any Deponent will admit, as in the Participle of the ſecond Future, a paſſive ſenſe and ſtructure, ſo in all other Moods and Tenſes an active ſignification and conſtruction: as pauca tibi ſunt loquenda, or pauca loquere.

The variation of the formes or kindes of Verbes.

A Verbe Subſtantive and an Adjective conſtrued together, will both bee changed into an Adjectiveall Verbe; and contrariwiſe, as arte oratio excolitur & ſplendeſcit, or exculta eſt & ſplendida.

A Verbe Neuter of geſture may be made a Paſſive in the third perſon ſingular onelyonly, and contrariwiſe, as audita virorum clade flebant ſaeminae, or fleba…ur a ſaeminis; but ſuch Ablatives of the Doers are ſeldome expreſſed, and the precedent Ablative of the thing or cauſe, called the abſolute, will bee reſolved to a Nominative: as virorum clades quum a faeminis audiretur, flebatur.

The Verbe Active may bee turned to a Paſſive, by making the Accuſative of the ſufferer a Nominative, and the Nominative of the Doer an Ablative of the perſon or of the thing, with ab the prepoſitionall Adverbe ſerving thereunto, or to a Dative of the perſon put acquiſitively, ſpecially with Poets, p. 71as virtutem nos colimus, tu ſamam petas, or Ab nobis colitur virtus, tibi fama petatur, ſo Tu canas hymnum, nos fundum arabimus, or hymnus a te canatur Ab nobis arabitur ſundus.

Verbes Deponent are invariable to any other kinde, both as defective in Figure, and as participating in the ſenſe or forme of the other three.

Of the Figure of Verbes.

By the figure Verbes are either primitive, being originals, as do curro caveo; and ſuch like Active or Neuter verbs in o. or elſe they are derivative, as deſcending from a primitive: whether ſimply from one, as curſito, or compoundedly from two or more, as reddo.

Of Verbes ſimple.

Verbs ſimple a… of three ſorts, denominative, verball or adverbiall.

Of Verbes denominative, and their variations.

Verbes denominative are either Apparatives; as aquor frumentor l…gnor, pabulo…, reſolued by ſuppedito aquam, &c. Or Imiatives, as adoleſcenturio cucurio, ligurio, prurio, ſcaturio, Syllaturio, patriſſo, aegreſco, calveſco, caneſco, pueraſco, vileſco, ſilveſcit, veſperaſcit, graecor, iraſcor, ruſlicor, vulpinor; reſolved by adoleſ…entem ref…ro, &c.

Of the Verbal derivatives.

Verball derivatives are of five ſorts. 1. Frequentatives, 2. Diminutives, 3. Deſideratives, 3. Inchoatives; and 5. all Verbes in or, derived either from known Verbes in o, being Active, as doceor, from doceo, or Neuter, as curritur, from curro; or from ſuppoſed Verbes in o. and ſuch are p. 72all Deponents, as fateor, from ſuppoſed fateo.

Of Frequentatives and their variations.

Frequentatives or iteratives be all of the firſt Coniugation, and for the moſt part derived of the Supine by changing um to o. as tracto tonſo nexo, commentor ſector ſyncopated, graſſor amplexor. And in the firſt Coniugation by changing atum unto ito, if the Supine be a Polyſyllable, as of clamatum clamito, elſe if it be a diſyllable, it keepeth a. as nato. Some frequentatives joyne both the precedent formes together, as of dictum dicto, and from dictatum dictito, ſo from pulſo pulſito, and pulto ſyncopated. And ſome verbs of the third Congugation in the ſecond perſon ſingular caſt away s. taking to in the place of it, as agito ſtuito fugito, quaerito, the laſt ſyllable ſave one being ſhort in all ſimple frequentatives, being polyſillables, and all be derived from Verbs Active or Deponent, being of the firſt or third Coniugation, and may be reſolved by the Adverb ſaepe or the verb ſoleo, as ſaepe quaero, or quaerere ſoleo, &c.

Of Diminitives and their variations.

Diminutives being of the firſt Coniugation, have the Terminations following albico can…illo ſorbillo pullulo pitiſſo dormito, they are derived from Verbs of all foure Coniugations, and may be reſolved by aliquantulum put unto the Primitive, or by ſub and ſuch other compounded with it, as aliquantulum albeo or ſubalbico.

Of Deſideratives and their variations.

Deſideratives or meditatives take both formation and ſignification, from the firſt future ending in rus as cenaturio pranſurio eſurio iturio; and they p. 73are derived uſually from Verbs Neuter of any Coniugation, and will continue Neuters, and may be reſolved, ca…nare cupio. And ſuitable thereto in ſenſe are, viſo accerſo arceſſo inceſſo laceſso faceſſo capeſso, &c. for vid…re accire appeto.

Of Inchoatives and their variations.

Inchoatives or Augmentatives are of the third Coniugation, and derived from Verbs neuter of all foure Coniugations, by adding co to the ſecond perſon ſingular, as labaſco hiſco for hiaſco clareſco puteſco from obſolet puteo miſereſco, tremiſco reminiſcor fruiſcor and fruniſcor o…dormiſcor reſolved by incipio laba…e, or pergo clarere.

Of Adverbiall Derivatives.

Verbs derived from Adverbs be all of the firſt Coniugation, as intro ſatio ſupero, and are reducible only to their Primitives, or otherwiſe variable by ſome ſynonymes.

Of Verbs compounded.

Verbs of more then one originall are compounded of Verbs with Nounes, as belligero multiplico, of Verbs with Verbs, as calefacio calefio, and actito may come of actum ito, of Verbs with Adverbs, either abſolute, as benefacio ſatisfacio, or prepoſitionalls either inſeparable, as confe…o diduco diſcedo removeo ſ…cerno, or ſeperable either one, as defetiſcor, or two as indefeſſus, or of obſolet Verbs with ſuch whether Latine, as renideo conniveo adipiſcor aſpicio deleo elicio expedio extinguo off…ndo, or Greek as excello expleo induo experior.