The Latin Grammar, Part 1 · Subpart 60 – Subpart 74

The Latin Grammar · Part 1 · Subpart 60 – Subpart 74

p. 38Annotations.

Nounes of the two firſt Declenſions are pariſyllabicall, having like number of Syllables in all Caſes, ſave in the Genitive plurall of both, and in the Dative plurall of moveable Subſtantives, in the firſt onelyonly, as dearum, deabus, deorum.

Nounes of the three laſt Declenſions are impariſyllabicall, taking the increaſe of a Syllable in ſundry oblique Caſes, which increaſe ſome Nounes of the third Declenſion have in all the obliques thence.

Nounes both Subſtantive and Adiectives of the Neuter Gender, in the Nominative and Accuſative, both ſingular and plurall, of any Declenſion do end alike, and in the plurall do end onelyonly in a, few Pronounes excepted, as hoc, quod, ambo, and duo, being all irregular, whereof in the Heteroclites,

Nounes of the third Declenſion, whether Maſculines or Foeminines, or both, end alike in the Nominative and Accuſative plurall. And Nounes of the fourth end alike, not onelyonly in thoſe two Caſes, p. 39but alſo in the Nominative and Genitive ſingular; and Nounes of the fifth end alike in the Nominative ſingular, and in the Nominative and Accuſative plurall. And Nounes both of the firſt and fifth end alike in the Genitive and Dative Singular.

Laſtly, it is of moſt concernment farre above any other, that Schollers be well verſed, and very perfect in the Declenſions of Nounes and Conjugations of Verbes; the onelyonly parts of Speech variable by proper affections: And for that purpoſe the diſtinct Termination proper to every Caſe of each Declenſion, ſhould be made familiar to them, that by caſting of the ſame from any Oblique, the word then having for its laſt bound the Characteriſticall letter, which is alwaies that next preceding the termination of the Nominat…ve; Learners may with eaſe change the termination of ſuch Obliques to the proper ending of the Rect, or Nominative in the ſame Declenſion, as for inſtance; filiabus, by termination is a Dative plurall of the firſt Declenſion, take thence abus, and the word doth end in i, being the Characteriſticall, then put thereto a, the termination of the Rect in that Declenſion, and it will be filia, which any Novice may decline accordingly, but without ſuch certaine preſcript to finde out the Rect, hee will faile therein. So pueros by termination is an Accuſative plurall of the ſecond Declenſion, take thence os, and the word will bee puer, whereto us the proper ending of the Rect in that Declenſion ſhould bee added, were it not apocopated, ſo from fab'ros, take away os, it will bee fab'r, and being no proper ending, it may be underſtood that ſuch words are ſyncopated in all the Obliques, whence e, the middle Syllable is cut off, and muſt bee reſtored to the Rect, making it faber. In p. 40the third Declenſion, affording greateſt difficulty in ſuch Nounes, as do increaſe in the Genitive ſingular; a recourſe ſhould be made to the ſundry endings of Rects therein, and good notice taken of the ſundry endings of the Genitive ſingular, belonging often to the ſame ending of the Rect, and by a reduction of the terminations of other Obliques, to the termination of that Genitive, the Rects proper ending will ſoon be found by Analogy with particular inſtances in that Declenſion, as for example; in partibus, change tibus, a termination of the Dative plurall to tis, an ending of the Genitive ſingular, and by rule partis muſt come from pars; ſo in remigum, laticum, change gum, and cum, to gis, and cis, both by rule come from ex. the proper ending of the Rect, changing e, to i, and in limites, change tes, to tis, and limitis will come from the Rect limes, changing likewiſe e, to i, and caſting away s: in vulnera, change era, to eris, and by rule vulneris will come from the Rect vulnus. And in words of the fourth and fifth Declenſion the former Rules will ſerve.

Of the firſt Declenſion.

Latine Nounes of the firſt Declenſion do end only in a, being by termination Foeminine, and are declined as in the Example fo…lowing.

Singulariter.

Pluraliter.

p. 41Annotations.

Greek Nouns Subſtantive of this Declenſion end in as, and es, which in Latine will both end in a. and others end alſo in e. And hebrew Nouns end in am, or as, which latine-like will end in amus, as from Abraham, or Abrah…s, Abrahamus. And all be declined as in examples following.

Singulariter.

Subſtantives of this Declenſion anſwering to the firſt or ſecond in the Greek may be of any Gender, except the neuter, for Greek Nouns ending in e are feminines, as Epitrope; or ending in as, or es, or made thence to end in a be Maſculines, as tiaras & tiara, planetes and planeta, or Nouns that end in a, & do betoken humane conditions belonging to both ſexes, are of the Common of two by ſignification, as advena, verna; or referring to noe certaine ſex may be of the Doubtfull gender by authority, as Talpa: or being Appellatives of bruit creatures, may be epicoenes, as vipera, Simia.

Of the Genitive Singular.

With old Authors, Nounes ending in a vowell before a, or ending in ra, or na, have the Genitive ſingular in as Greek-wiſe, as dux vias, for viae, impetus auras, filius Latonas: And old Poets have changed ae to ai. as Aulai, Pictai, Geryonai, for aulae, pictae, Geryonae.

p. 42Of the Dative ſingular.

The Dative ſingular is conſtanly redundant in this Declenſion and in none other beſides this.

Of the Genitive plurall.

The Genitives plurall of Nouns Patronymick, and Gentile, and Nouns compounded of colo, and gigno are often Syncopated, as Aeneadum, ſpartiatum, Caeli…olum, Terrigenum, the two firſt of theſe ending Greekwiſe in the common tongue, being Pariſyllabicall in all caſes, as Aeneadae, Aeneadon, which by the Boeotick or Aeolick dialect may end in a on as Aeneidaon And Latine Nounes do imitate the ſame Dialect, having r. inſerted between a and um, as in Aenidarum.

Of the Dative plurall.

Some moveable Subſtantives ending in us of the ſecond, and in a of this Declenſion, have therein a redundant Dative plurall, as nata maketh natis, common to it with natus, and natabus proper to it ſelfe, for diſtinction of the Genders, as the Nounes redundant in the rect diſtinguiſh perſons.

Of Nounes redundant being of this and other Declenſions.

Some proper names are redundant, being of this and the ſecond Declenſion, as Hieroſolyma Hieroſolimae, and Hieroſolyma Hieroſolymorum. And ſome Appellatives are of this Declenſion in the plurall, and of the ſecond in the ſingular, as epulum epuli, and epulae epularum. Others of this, and the third; as Paſcha Paſche, and Paſchatis, Orontes Orontae p. 43and Oro…tis, Chalcas Chalcae and Chalcanvis.

Of the ſecond Declonſion.

Latine Nouns of the ſecond Declenſion, end conſtantly either in um. being all neuters, or us. or in (er and ur) having us apocopated, being Maſculines by termination, except few ſuch being feminines, and all be declined, as in the example following.

Singulariter.

Plurialiter.

In this Declenſion vir with all Subſtantives ending in er and Adiectives ending in er and ur, have us apocopated, and both Subſtantives, and Adiectives ending in er, not having a vowell, or halfe vowel going before er. be for the moſt part ſyncopated in all the obliques, as vir for virus, viri, viro, miſer for miſerus, miſeri, miſero, ſatur, for ſaturus. ſaturi, ſaturo, but faber, for faberus, fabri, fabro, and ſacer, for ſacerus, ſacri ſacro. Some are excepted, as adulter, presbiter, p. 44ſocer, alter, aſper, celtiber, gibber, lacer, liber (the Adiective) proſper, dexter, making dexteri or dextri, and all Compounds of gero, and fero, which are never ſyncopated, as armiger, armigeri, ſtellifer, ſtelliferi. Moreover all Adiectives in the ſecond termination being feminines, are of the firſt Declenſion, but in the firſt and third being Maſculines and neuters are of this Declenſion, and are thus declined.

Singulariter.

Pluraliter.

Some Pronouns in the Genitive ſingular do end in ius, and ſome in jus. and both in the Dative end in i. as unus una unum, unius, uni, being otherwiſe regular, as alſo totus, ſolus, and alter, uter, ullus, with their Compounds, but ille ipſe iſte, with is ejus ei, qui cujus cui, and hic hujus huic are more irregular, whereof in the Heteroclits.

p. 45Annotations.

Greek Nouns of this Declenſion in the Nominative ſingular end in os. on. foreigns. and eus. and are thus declined.

Singulariter.

Subſtantives of this Declenſion anſwering to the third and fourth of the ſimple, and to the third of the contracts in the Greek, may be of any Gender except the Common of two; For beſides Maſculines moſt uſuall in this Declenſion of Nouns both Greek & Latine, ending in os, or in us, many Greek Nouns changing os to us, and few latine Nouns in us, are feminines, as for inſtance.

Antidotus coſtus methodus byſſuſ que papirus

Nardus & hyſſopus dialectus eremus & arctus

Graeca, latina colus vannus domus alvus humuſ que .

Likewiſe pampinus is doubtfull, and elephantus, epicaene. And Symbolon, with all ſuch other Greeke Nounes are Neuters.

Of the Genitive Singular.

The Genitive Singular ending in ij, is often apocopated, as tua cura peculi, for peculii.

p. 64Of the Nominative Plurall.

The Nominative Plurall with ſome old Authors, doth end in ei. as captivei, for captivi.

Of the Genitive Plurall.

The Genitive Plurall is often ſyncopated, but moſtly with Poets, as Chara deum ſoboles, for deorum, but it happeneth very ſeldome in the Neuter Gender, as duellum, for duellorum.

Nounes redundant being of this and other Declenſions.

All Adiectives of three divers endings are redundant, being of this and the firſt Declenſion; as bonus bona bonum, ſome Nounes are of this and the third Declenſion, as ſequeſter, ſequeſtri, and ſequeſtris, glomus, glomi, and glomeris, veſper, veſperi, and veſperis, polypus, polypi, and polypodis. Perſeus, Perſei, and Perſeos. Other Nounes are redundant in the Genitive plurall onelyonly, as Bacchanalia, Bacchanaliorum, and Bacchananum: ancilia, anciliorum, & ancilium; And ſo ſponſalia, vecligalia. Others are redundant in the Dative plurall onelyonly: as poemata, poematis, and poematibus, or poemaſi. Other redundants in the Singular bee of this, and in the Plurall of the third Declenſion: as iugerum, iugeri, and iugera, iugerum, iugeribus; being both formerly Nounes moveable, but now obſolet, ſaving that iugeris, and iugere, of the Genitive and Dative ablativall ſingular bee ſtill in uſe.

Of the third Declenſion.

Nouns of the third Declenſion do end in three Vowels, a e o. and in ſeven Conſonants, c p. 47l n r s t x. Amongſt which the Terminations a e c t. and both us, and or, increaſing ſhort in ſubſtantives, & us increaſing long in Monoſyllables; & al Adjectives of the Comparative degree, be alwaies Neutrals. And al. el. en. ar. ur. be moſtly Neuter endings, but admit Exceptions, Aus. or ys. or us. increaſing long, or os. making otis. are alwaies foeminine by Termination: And for the moſt part ſuch are Subſtantives that end in as. or is. or x. or s. with another Conſonant, and Poliſyllables Derivative in o. and Pariſyllabicals in es. but ſome of ſuch endings admit Exceptions, Or, and os. making oris. be alwaies Maſculines and ordinarily diſſyllables primitive in o and Impatiſyllabicals in on. and es. and er. being ſyncopated, the ſeveral… Exceptions to this laſt, and to the former Genders follow next after the formes, by which ſuch Nounes muſt be declined, as in theſe Examples.

Nav-is.

Lau-s.

Pect-us.

Faelix Triſt-is

p. 48Singulariter.

Pluraliter.