A Short Introduction to Grammar, Subpart 20 – Subpart 25
Imperſonals.
A Verb imperſonal hath no nominative caſe before him; and this word it or there is commonly his ſigne: as, Decet, It becometh. Oportet b aliquem eſſe. There muſt be ſome body. But if he hath neither of theſe words before him, then the word that ſeemeth to be the nominative caſe, ſhall be ſuch caſe as the verb imperſonal will have after him: as, b Me a oportet, I muſt. b Tibi a licet, Thou mayeſt.
Intereſt, refert, and eſt for intereſt, require a genitive caſe of all caſual words, except Meâ, tuâ ſuâ, noſtrâ, veſtrâ, and cujâ, the ablative caſes of the pronouns poſſeſſives: as, a Intereſt b omnium rectè agere. b Tuâ a refert teipſum nôſſe.
Certain imperſonals require a dative caſe: as, Libet, licet, patet, liquet, conſtat, placet, expedit, prodeſt, ſufficit, vacat, accidit, convenit, contingit, and other like. Some will have an accuſative caſe onelyonly: as, Delectat, decet, juvat, oportet. Some beſide the accuſative caſe will have alſo a genitive, as, bb Noſtri b noſmet, a poenitet. b Me bb civitatis a taedet. a Pudet b me bb negligentiae. a Miſeret b me bb tui. b Me bb illorum a miſereſcit.
Verbs imperſonals of the paſſive voice, being formed of neuters, do govern ſuch caſe as the verbs neuters which they come of: as, a Parcatur b ſumptui, Let coſt be ſpared. Becauſe we ſay, a Parcamus b pecuniae, Let us ſpare coſt.
A verb imperſonal of the paſſive voice hath like caſe as other verbs paſſives have: as, a Benefit multis b à principe. Yet many times the caſe is not expreſſed, but underſtood: as, Maximâ vi a certatur; ſubaudi b ab illis.
When a deed is ſignified to be done of many, the verb being a verb neuter, we may well change the verb neuter into the imperſonal in tur: as, b In ignem poſita eſt, a fletur.
A Participle.
PArticiples govern ſuch caſes, as the verbs that they come of: as, a Fruiturus b amicis. a Conſulens b tibi. a Diligendus b ab omnibus.
Here note that participles may four manner of ways be changed into nouns. The firſt is, when the voice of a participle is conſtrued with another caſe then the verb that it cometh of: as, • Appetens b vini, Greedy of wine.
The ſecond, when it is compounded with a prepoſition, which the verb that it cometh of cannot be compounded withal: as, Indoctus, innocens.
The third, when it formeth all the degrees of compariſon: as, Amans, amantior, amantiſſimus. Doctus, doctior, doctiſſimus.
The fourth, when it hath no reſpect, nor expreſs difference of time: as, Homo laudatus, A man laudable. Puer amandus, id eſt, amari dignus, A child worthy to be loved. And all theſe are properly called nouns participials.
Participles when they be changed into nouns require a genitive caſe: as, a Fugitans b litium. a Indoctus b pilae. a Cupientiſſimus b tui. b Lactis a abundans.
Theſe participial voices, Peroſus, exoſus, pertaeſus, have alwayes the active ſignification, when they govern an accuſative caſe: as, a Exoſus ſaevitiam, Hating cruelty. b Vitam a pertaeſus, weary of life.
The Adverb.
ADverbs of quantity, time, and place, do require a genitive caſe: as, a Multùm b lucri. a Tunc b temporis. a Ubique b gentium.
Certain adverbs will have a dative caſe, like as the nouns that they come of: as, Venit a obviàm b illi. Canit a ſimiliter b huic.
Theſe datives be uſed adverbially, Tempori, luci, veſperi: as, Tempori ſurgendum. Veſperi cubandum. Luci laborandum.
Certain adverbs will have an accuſative caſe of the prepoſition that they come of: as, a Propiùs b urbem, a Proximè b caſtra.
Where note that propoſitions, when they be ſet without a caſe, or elſe do form the degrees of compariſon, be changed into adverbs.
The Conjunction.
COnjunctions Copulatives & Diſjunctives, and theſe four, Quàm, niſi, praeterquam, an, couple like caſes: as, a Xenophon & b Plato fuêre aequales. And ſometimes they be put between divers caſes: as: a Studui b Romae & bb Athenis. Eſt a liber b meus & bb fratris. a Emi fundum centum b nummis & bb pluris.
Conjunctions Copulatives and Diſjunctives, moſt commonly joyn like moods and tenſes together: as, a Petrus & Joannes b precabantur & bb docebant. And ſometimes divers tenſes: as, Et b habetur & bb referetur tibi à me a gratia.
The prepoſition.
SOmetimes this prepoſition In is not expreſt, but underſtood, and the caſual word nevertheleſs put in the ablative caſe: as, Habeo te b loco parentis; id eſt, a in b loco.
A Verb compound ſometime requireth the caſe of the prepoſition that he is compounded withall: as, a Exeo b domo. a Praetereo b te inſalutatum. a Adeo b templum.
The Interjection.
CErtain interjections require a nominative caſe: as, a O feſtus b dies hominis. Certain a dative: as, a Hei b mihi. Certain an accuſative: as, a Heu b ſtirpem inviſam. Certain a vocative: as a Proh ſancte b Jupiter. And the ſame Proh will have an accuſative caſe: as, a Proh Deûm atque hominum b fidem.
FINIS.