The Annals of the World, History 1 · Age of the world 6 (13 of 18)

The Annals of the World · History 1 · Age of the world 6 (13 of 18)

p. 300Eumenes went from thence, sculking here and there, and perswaded a great many of his men to leave him for the present, and to get them gone: whether out of an honest care which he had of them; or because they were now grown too few to oppose the enemy, and yet were too many to conceale him in his flight. But when he was come to Nora, which was a strong castle, and which Strabo, [l. 12.] saith in his time, went by the name of Neroassus,) a place seated upon the confines of Cappadocia and Lycaonia, with 500 horse, and 200 foot (though Diodorus saith that there were not above 500 in all there,) as many of his friends as desired his leave to be gone, because they could not brook, either the desolatenesse of the place, or the scarcity of victuals, that they there found, he gave it them freely, and embracing every one of them, in all faire and courteous manner sent them away: For the place it self was not above two furlongs in bignesse, and there was in it provision enough of corn, and salt, and water, but there was no store of fresh Cates to be had, [Id. with Diodorus, and Justin, lib. 14. cap. 2.]

Antigonus, coming to the place, before he began any siege, sent to Eumenes to come to a parley, and when he required Hostages, Antigonus refused, but bad him come out as to his Superior: But Eumenes sent him word again, that as long as he ware a sword by his side, he would acknowledge no Superiour. Whereupon, when Antigonus sent him his own bothers son, called Ptolomei, as was required, Eumenes came forth: and they embraced each other very lovingly, and in all familiar manner. And having disputed of sundry matters, when Antigonus saw that he never mentioned any thing of his own security or pardon, but still demanded his former Governments to be confirmed, and recompence for his losses to be made unto him, the standers by stood amazed at it, and wondred at the constancie of his courage and magnanimity that was in him. And p. 301Antigonus told him, that concerning these articles, he would advise with Antipater: And so with much ado, returned him again into his Castle, safe from the violence of the multitude: And having built a double wall, with trenches round about the Castle, and le… men enough to maintain the siege, removed his Camp, [Ibid.]

After a while Eumenes sent messengers (among which, one was Hieronymus the Historian, a town-born child of Cardia, as himself was) to Antipater, for a pacification, [Diodorus, and Justin, lib. 14. cap. 2.] and in the mean time, he provided victuals for his company, and though his fare was short, yet he made good chear with what he had, admitting them all in their turnes to his table, where he entertained them with pleasant discourse, and familiar speeches, instead of better meat, [Diod. and Plut.] and then as often as he had a mind to it, out he would sally, and either burn or overthrow Antigonus his works, [Emil. Prob.]

But fearing least by lying alwayes in one place, he should dry founder and lose all his horses, for want of breathing them, he gave order every day once to trusse up his horses with their fore feet above ground, and made them stand upon their hinder; that so with striving and much strugling, they might gather heat and fall a sweating: and gave them boiled barly to eat, that they might the sooner dispatch it, and the better digest it: whereby it came to passe, that when at last he came out of the Castle every man wondred to see his horse so sat and sleek, as if they had been all the while kept in the best pasture of the country, [Diodor. Iul. Fronti. stratag. lib. 4. cap. 7. Plut. and Emil. Prob. in Eumene.]

Ptolemei the son of Lagus, perceiving that Phoenicia, and Coelosyria, would be very commodious to him, both for the keeping of Egypt, and also for the acquiring of Cyprus bet his brains about it, how he might compasse them. Wherefore he tried, whether he could draw Laomedon, who was made Governour of those two Provinces, first by Perdiccas, and afterward by Antipater, to deliver them into his hand: offering him a vast summe of money for it. But not able to compasse it that way, he raised a greater army, made his trusty friend Nicanor General of it, and sent him to wrest it by pure force out of his hand: and he marching into Syri…, took Laomedon prisoner; but he by bribing his keepers got away, and fled to Alcetus where he was in Caria: and Nicanor having in a short time subdued all Phoenicia and Syria, and put Garrisons in them, he returned into Egypt, [Diodor. with Appia. in Syriac. pa. 121. and Pausan. in his Attica. pag. 5.]

Ptolemei, setting upon the parts of Phoenicia and Syria, and having gotten Hierusalem by a slight, carried thence to the number of 100 thousand men into Egypt: out of which, he selected 30 thousand of the ablest of them, whom he armed, and took into his army upon greater than ordinary pay, and committed his Garrison Towns and Castles in Egypt, especially to their trust. The rest he gave away for slaves among his souldiers, not so much of his own accord, as upon their importunity, who desired to have them rather than any other, for their necessary uses, and attendance in things belonging to the wars, [Aristeos, in lib. de 70. interpret. with Ptol. Philadel. his epistle, eod. lib. Joseph. Antiq. lib. 12. cap. 1. Euseb. 2. in Chron.]

Of his taking of Hierusalem, Agatharchides Cnidus, writeth in this manner, in his book of the successors of Alexander the great, in Josephus [lib. 1. cont. Apion. pag. 1050. with lib. 12. Antiq, cap. 1.] They which are called Iews, saith he, dwell in a most fortified City, which the natives call Ierusalem; these keep every seventh day Holiday: and meddle with no armes upon that day, nor with any part of husbandry, or any other manner of work whatsoever: onelyonly holding up their hands in halowed places, they there stay praying till the evening with outstretched hands. And when Ptolemei the son of Lagus entered their City with his army, all men observed the folly of them that were set to keep it, and so the country came enslaved under a bitter master, and their law was found, to be naught else, but a foolish custom. Appian addes, that Ptolemei demolished the walls of the City: and that leaving Garrisons in Syria, he returned into Egypt by sea, [in Syriac. pag. 119, 121.]

Of this carrying away the Jewes captive into Egypt, Josephus speaketh in this wise, [lib. 12. Antiquit. cap. 1.] Ptolemei, saith he, carried away many captives out of the hillcountry of Judaea, and places bordering upon Jerusalem, and from Samaria, and the mount Gerizim, into Egypt, and made them to dwell there. And finding that they of Hierusalem were most strict observers of any oath which they had taken, by the answer which they made to Alexanders Messengers, after the last everthrow of Darius, he thought fit to place many of them now in his garrisons, and castles: and when he had planted many of them in Alexandria, there to live enjoying the same privileges which the Macedons had; he bound them all with an oath to be true liege men to his posterity, that had bestowed so great favours on them. And again in his [2 book cont. Apio. pag. 1063.] Ptolomaeus Lagus, saith he, committed all his castles and places of strength to his Alexandrian Jewes, conceiving they would be kept most safe in their hands, in regard of their fidelity and manhood: and to the end he might reign most securely in p. 302Cyrene, and other parts of Lybia; he therefore sent many of those Jewes to inhabite in that country. And from them descended that Jason Cyrenaeus out of whose writings was collected the second book of the Maccabes; [2 Maccab. cap. 2. v. 24.] and Simon Cyrenaeus, who bare the crosse of Christ, [Matth. chap. 27. v. 32.] and of whom mention is made, [Acts, 2. v. 10. and cap. 6. v. 9.]

Antigonus; whiles Eumenes kept in Nora, besieged there with a double wall round about him, marched with his army against Alcetas, and Attalus, and first into Pisidia, where Alcetas with his strength lay: and having in seven dayes space marched two thousand and five hundred furlongs, he came to a City called, The City of the Cretenses: and coming thus speedily and unawares upon them, he possessed himself of some fitting hills and places of advantage thereabouts; and had in his company besides his Elephants, 40 thousand Foot, and 7 thousand Horse; yet durst Alcetas meet him in the open field, having but 16 thousand Foot, and 900 Horse of his friends in his army. But Antigonus having the advantage of the ground, and by far the stronger party, routed him, and took both Attalus and Docimus and Polemon, and many other great Captains prisoners; all which he took to mercy, and used great clemencie and humanity towards them, and disposed of the rest among his companies, and thereby much encreased his own army.

Alcetas himself with his life-guard, and sons, and other Pisidians which served him, fled to Telmessus a city of Pisidia, which the Pisidians, being to the number of 6 thousand, and all very strong and valiant men promised never to forsake him, and therefore when Antigonus with all his army came before the walls of Telmessus, and demanded Alcetas to be delivered up unto him, and the elder sort thought it fit so to do, the younger crue met together by night, and there bound themselves each to other by an oath, not to forsake him, for any danger that might come thereof: which notwithstanding, the Elders of the City sent a messenger privily to Antigonus, to let him know that they would deliver Alcetes into his hands alive or dead, if he would but toll out the souldiers to a skirmish, and making as if they themselves fled, draw them a reasonable distance off from the walls of their City; which was done accordingly; and in the mean time, the Elders fell upon Alcetas, with their men, which he perceiving, rather than he would fall alive into his enemies hand, drew his own sword and slew himself: His body laid upon a beer, and wrapt in a vile cloth, while the young men were fighting, was sent and presented to Antigonus, which he having for three daies together, exposed to all the contumelies and indignities that could be imagined, at last caused it to be cast out unburied. The younger crew returning from the fight, and hearing what had passed in their absence, grew enraged against the elders; and seizing on a quarter of the city, resolved at first to set it all on fire, but changing that purpose, they all fell to wast and spoile the enemies country thereabouts, and finding that Antigonus had left the corps of Alcetas behind him, they took it up, and buried it as honourably as they could devise, [Id.]

Antipater falling sick, and drawing to his end, ordained Polyspercon, to be Protector of the Kings, and soveraign Commander in his roome: which Polysperchon was almost the eldest man of all that ever served under Alexander; and was in very great esteem among the Macedons: But Cassander, Antipaters son, not content with the office of General of the Horse, which he held, but storming to see that Polysperchon was preferred before him in the Protectorship and soveraignty of the realm, began to treat with his friends, of getting the kingdom into his own hands, and sending underhand his Agents to Ptolomei, renewed his former friendship with him, and desired that he would make an association of armes with him, and come away with his fleet out of Phenicia into Helespont; The like he did to other Commanders and Cities, intreating them to joyne in armes with him, [Idem, with Plutarch in Phocio.]

When Antigonus, returning with his army out of Pisidia into Phrigia, came to the City of the Cretenses, he was there advertised of all these matters by Aristodemus of Miletum; which pleased him well, for hereupon he presently founded his hopes of sovereignty in his mind, [Diodorus, with Plutarch in Eumene.] for being left sole and absolute Commander over all Asia by Antipater, and having a greater army there, than any other, he made no doubt of seizing upon all the Kings treasure there, whiles there was none to oppose him. He had then in his army, 60 thousand foot, and 10 thousand horse, and 30 Elephants; and saw that he had means to encrease, if need were, his army at pleasure: for that drawing forreign Nations to his service, Asia was well able to feed and pay them all abundantly: Wherefore calling a Council of his friends, he declared to them, That his purpose was, to put for all; and thereupon, assigned such and such of his friends, to several Offices and Commands, and desired them, with huge promises made to every of them, to stand by him and assist him what they could, in what he went about; for that he resolved to go thorough all Asia, and to put p. 303out such Governours, as were then in office, and to put others of his own choice in their rooms, [Diodor.]

Aridaeus, who had the government of Phrygia upon the Hellespont committed to him, perceiving what Antigonus went about, and purposing to provide for one, went and set upon Cizycum, which was a great City, and of all others lay most oportunely for his occasions. He had in his company above 10 thousand mercenary Foot souldiers, and one thousand Macedons, Persian archers and slingers five hundred, and eight hundred Horse, with all manner of Engins of battery, and in great abundance. And the men of Cizycum, under a colour of a treaty for a pacification, obteined of him cessation of arms, for a time, and then drave out the time in drawing up articles upon which the surrender was to be made, but had in that time sent to Byzantium for aide and supplies of men and munition, of all sorts for their defence: and failing along their own coasts with their men of war, took in men our of the Country, and stored the city with them, and with such provision as they brought with them. The end was, Aridaeus having been fooled by the men of Cyzicum, and lost many of his men upon the place, was fain to leave Cizycum as he found it, and to return to his own government again, [Id.]

Antigonus, being then at Celenae, hasted him away, with 20 thousand choice foot, and three thousand Horse, to the relief of Cizycum, thinking hereby to have that City hereafter at his devotions. But coming a little too late, he sent messengers to Aridaeus, to expostulate the matter with him, and why he did it: and withall, to require him, to give vp that government which he had into his hands, and to live there hereafter, in the quality of a private man, contenting himself with the revenue of one onelyonly City to live upon. That he refused to do, and presently disposed guards about the gates and walls, and other places of the City, wherein himself was; and then dispacht away a part of his army, with a Commander over them, to joyn with Eumenes, and to raise the siege from before Nora Castle, and having rid him out of that danger to draw him into a league and association of arms against Antigonus, [Id.]

Emil. Probus tells us, that Eumenes toward the beginning of the Spring, under colour of submitting himself to Antigonus, and treating of conditions from day to day, at last put a trick upon him, and got both him self and all his people safe out of the Castle, [in Eumene.] But Justin, [lib. 4. cap. 2.] sayes, that Antigonus, when he found that Antipater had sent relief to Eumenes, raised his siege. And Diodorus, and Plutarch deliver, that Eumenes by the Mediation of Hieronymus Cardianus, his countriman and true friend, was suffered to come out upon his word, and thus it was.

Antigonus casting with himself how to get all into his own hands, sent for Hieronymus the Historian, to come unto him, and imployed him in a message to Eumenes, to deal with him to this effect, to wit, that forgetting what had passed between them two in the fight at Cappadocia; he would now be pleased to joyn with him in a firm league of love and friendship, and association of armes; offering to restore him far more wealth than he had lost, and a greater Province and Dominion, than ever he had before; and to make him chief of all his friends, and partaker of all his desines and fortunes. [Diodor.] And when Antigonus had drawn up a form of an oath, whereby to bind each other to a strict performance of conditions, and sent them to Eumenes; Eumenes took and corrected them in some points; and then put it to those Macedon Captains, which were in the siege against him, to judge which of the two was the better, and more indifferent draught. For Antigonus among other things, made mention of the Kings perfunctorily, and as by the way, but performance of all services and conditions, referred onelyonly to himself, and were made in his own name: whereas Eumenes in his draught, first joyned Olympias with the two Kings: and then secondly drew the oath in such terms, as purported that he would reckon them all friends and foes, as were friends and foes, not to Antigonus, but to Olympias and the two Kings. And when this seemed to be the more reasonable of the two; and Eumenes took his oath, to that they presently raised their siege, and sent to Antigonus, praying him that he would bind himself in the same form of oath to Eumenes. Mean whiles, Eumenes, what ever hostages he had of the Cappadocians, sent them all home again. And Antigonus wrate back a sharp and a taunting letter to those Macedons, for presuming to amend or altar any thing in the form of the oath, which he had prescribed for Eumenes to take, and willed them to besiege him again, as close as ever they did; but this came too late, [Plut.]

Eumenes, having after a years close siege, got out at last beyond expectation, stayed a while in Cappadocia: and there gathered together, such of his old friends and souldiers, as were now scattered about the Country, [Diodor.] And to begin the world anew, the friends of those hostages which he had restored, lent him Horses, and carriages, and Tents: and in a short time, there eame into him, of his old Regiments, p. 304which hitherto lay sculking up and down the Country, to the number of 1000 horse [Plut.] For in regard that he was of himself a most active and industrious man, and sundry others there were, who were in like manner affected to the state, as he himself was: hence it came, that great multitudes of souldiers came flocking to him. To be short, within a few dayes, besides those five hundred friends, which were with him in the Castle, he had gotten together two thousand men, all ready bent to serve him, [Diodor.]

Antigonus, having sent some of his forces to besiege Aridaeus, the Governour of the lesser Phrygia, marcht himself with a mighty army into Lydia, to turn Clitus out of his Government there, but Clitus having gotten notice aforehand of his coming, presently stuffed every Town of his, and place of defence, with a strong garrison, and went himself into Macedon, there to acquaint the Kings, and Polysperchon the L. Protector, with Antigonus his doings, and how his purpose was to revolt, and fall off from the Macedonian Government, and thereupon prayed aide against him, [Diodor.]

Then did Antigonus take in Ephesus at his first coming, having some within the city, which help to bring him in. But a while after, when Escylus of Rhodes came thither, and in four ships brought with him six hundred men out of Cilicia, and 400 talents, which from thence were sent to the Kings in Macedon; Antigonus seized on it all for his own use: saying that he had need of it, to raise and pay forreign souldiers withall: by which act of his, he plainly discovered his intention to be, wholly to set up for himself, and to rebell against the Kings. This done, he then proceeded to take in the rest of the Cities, some by force, others by fair words, [Id.] And from this revolt it is, that Dexippus, Porphyric, and Eusebius, reckon the 18 years of his principality in Scaligers Graeca Eusebiana [pag. 48. 164, 226.]

Cassander, crossing the Hellespont, went to Antigonus, in Asia, desiring his assistance, and assuring him of Ptolomeis concurrence therein. Antigonus was glad of his coming, and presently offered to assist him by land and sea. This he did under a colour, as if he would help him for his father Antipaters sake; but his main drift was, to imbroile him in as many wars and troubles, as possibly he could in Europe: to the end, that he might the more freely go on, and compasse his own ends in Asia, and make himself King there, [Diodor.]

Polyspercon, Protector of the Kings, and foreign, (i. e.) Curate of the Macedonian Empire, wrate away a letter to Eumenes, in the two Kings names, requiring him thereby to stand firm to the Kings, and to make a party against Antigonus, as hitherto he had done; and therein to take his choice, whether he would come over into Macedon, and there joyn with him in maintenance of the two Kings safety, or would stay in Asia, and have supplies sent him thither of men and mony, and munition, to oppose Antigonus, who had now openly declared himself a rebel against the Kings, And that if he stood in need of greater forses, himself would be ready with the Kings, and all the power that the kingdom of Macedon could make, to crosse the seas, and to come into Asia, to joyn with him. The like letters were sent to the Tresurers in Cilicia, requiring them, out of those monies, which were at Quindi (where the Kings exchequer for Asia was kept, as Strabo lib. 14. p. 72. testifieth) forth with to furnish him with 500 talents toward the reparation of his losses lately susteined, and out of the rest of the Kings monies, as much as he should call for, to hire and pay forreign souldiers withall. He also wrate his letters to Antigenes and Tentamus, who between them, commanded three thousand silver Targateers under Antigonus, that they should put them over to Eumenes, and be assistant to him all that possibly they might; as the man, that was made absolute Commander and Governour of all Asia, under the Kings. And Olympias the mother of Alexander the Great, failed not on his part, to write the like letters, requiring all men to come and aide both herself, and the Kings, [Diodor. with Plut. and Emil. Prob. in Eumene.]

Eumenes hereupon removed out of Cappadocia, having 500 Horse, and two thousand Foot onelyonly in his company; for he had not the leisure to attend their coming, who had promised to list themselves under him, but were not then come: because Menander was coming on with a great army, which would not suffer him to nestle in Cappadocia, having professed himself an open enemy to Antigonus. But those who were left behind, following Eumenes three dayes journey, when they saw they could not possibly overtake him, returned into Cappadocia, [Diodor.]

Eumenes, making long stages, passed the mount Taurus, and came into Cilicia. Then came to him Antigenes, and Tentamus, Captains of the silver Targateers, with their friends, in obedience to the command of the Kings, and having congratulated his happy escape out of so many and imminent dangers, they offered him their service, and promised to stand by him in his utmost dangers, and then came the Regiment of the silver Targateers, all Macedons, to the number of about three thousand, to present themselves, with promise of all duty and service to him, [Id.]

p. 305Eumenes, Year of the World 3986 fearing the envy of the Macedons, The Julian Period. 4396 if he, Year before Christ 318 being an alian borne in Cardia, in the Chersonese of Thracia, should bear himself as absolute General in the place; first waived the receit of those 500 talents, which were ordered to him for his losses, saying that he needed not so great a summe, seeing he pretended to no principallity there, [Diodor. and Plutarch.] Then pitched he his tent in the name of Alexander, and called it Alexanders pavilion, pretending that he was warned so to do, by a vision in a dream: and there caused a golden Throne to be set, with a Scepter and a Diadem; and there they met every day to consult of matters, hoping that the envy towards him would be the lesse, if he seemed to administer all things, under the majesty and title of Alexander, [Diodor. Plutarch, Emil. Prob. Polyanus, lib. 4. Stratag.] By this means therefore, and by carrying himself in all meetings, as an ordinary man, and by speaking every man faire, and with courteous language, he put off all envy from himself; and carrying himself in like manner toward the silver Targateers, being all Macedons, he grew very fat into their books, so that every man said, that he was of all men most worthy to have the tuition of the Kings, [Diodor,] for in the fairnesse of his language, he stuck not to call them sometimes, his fellow souldiers, sometimes his masters, and companions of his, in those Easterne wars; telling them, that they were the onelyonly men who conquered the East: the onelyonly men who out-went Bacchus and Hercules, with their victories; That they were the men, who made Alexander Great; That by them it was, that he attained divine honours, and immortal glory in the World: desiting them withal, that they would not look upon him, as upon their Commander, but as upon their fellow souldier, and a man of their own company and body, [Justin. lib. 14. cap. 2.]

Then pickt he out certain choice men of his friends, whom he furnisht with money in abundance, and sent them to take up and hire souldiers, upon large pay. Whereupon they presently dispersed themselves, some going into Pisidia and Lycia, and places bordering upon them, others into Cilicia, Coelosyria, Phoenicia, and the Isle of Cyprus, and did their utmost endeavour to list what souldiers they could get; many Grecians also, seeing what large pay was offered, listed themselves; so that in short time, they had gathered together 10 thousand Foot, and a thousand Horse: besides the silver Targateers, and those which Eumenes brought with him out of Cappadocia, [Diodor.]

Ptolomei, coming with his Navy to a Port called Zaphyrium in Cilicia, sent some of his Agents, to sollicite the silver Targateers, not any longer to follow or look after Eumenes, a man long since, proclaimed and devoted to death. He sent also to the chief officers at Quindi, advising them not to issue out any monies to him: But no man hearkened to one word he spake, because the Kings and their Governour Polysperchon; and Olympias her self, had written to, and required them to be obedient in all things to Eumenes, as to the Commander in chief and General of the kingdom, [Id.]

After this Antigonus sent one of his chief friends Philotas, with 30 Macedons in his company, to the silver Targateers, to feel the pulse, first of their Captains and principal souldiers among them, if by any largesse, or hope of reward, they might be drawn to destroy Eumenes, now that he was in their hands. But they found no man pliant to their desires, save onelyonly Tentamus, one of the Captains of the silver Targateers; who not only promised for himself, but undertook also to draw over Antigenes his collegue, to their foul design. But Antigenes was so far from hearkning to him therein, that on the contrary he prevailed with Tentamus, to give off his purpose; shewing him that there were better things, and upon better grounds to be hoped for and expected from Eumenes, a man of a moderate fortune and a limited power, than from Antigonus, who was already grown too great; and that he, having once gotten all into his hands, would presently thrust them out of their places, and put in whom pleased himself of his own friends. Then did Philotas deliver to the chief Captains Antigonus his letters, directed to the souldiers in general, whereby he required them upon sight thereof, to lay hold on Eumenes, and kill him; threatning withal, that if they did it not, he would come presently and fall upon them with his army, and do exemplary justice on them for their disobedience herein: whereat they were not a little terrified; but Eumenes, coming in upon them, perswaded them, rather to follow the command of their Kings, and not hearken to the words of a man who had now professed himself an open rebel. And in the end, having spoken many things pertinent to the present purpose, he not onelyonly saved himself from an imminent danger, but also, obliged the multitude to him in a firmer band of duty and affection, than ever they were before, [Id.]

And presently gave order to march, and went into Phoenicia, and there gat together what ships possibly he could out of all the sea towns, and made him a strong Navy: to the end, that Polysperchon having a Fleet at command, might upon all occasions put over with his forces out of Macedon into Asia against Antigonus. This therefore was the cause which made him stay the longer in Phoenicia, [Id.]

p. 306Polysperchon, mean while, made Clitus the Governour of Lydia, Ammiral of the Fleet, and sent him into the Hellespont, commanding him to stay thereabouts, and to take care, that no shipping passed that way out of Asia into Europe: willing him more over to assist Aridaeus Governour of the lesser Phrygia, and who was at that time fled with such men as he had into the City of the Cyonians for fear of Antigonus, [Id.]

After that Clitus was come into Hellespont, and had taken the Cities of Propo…tis into his protection, and had joyned Aridaeus his army to his own, then did the Captain of the Garrison of Manychium, sent by Cassander, with all his Navy put to sea likewise; taking with him also Antigonus his Fleet, so that he was in all above one hundred ships; coming therefore to a sea-fight not far from the City of Byzantium, Clitus had the better of it, and sunk 17 of the enemies ships; and took no lesse than 40 more with all the men in them, [Id.] whereat if he grew over-joyed, it is no marvel, considering that having but a little before taken but three, or at the most four ships of the Grecians near the Isle of Amorgus, one of the Cyclades, he was content and suffered himself to be called Neptune, and bare a Trident in his hand; as [Plut. lib. 2. De fortu. Alexan. saith.]

Antigonus, hearing of the losse of his Navy at sea, sent for certain Barques from Byzantium, and put into them archers and slingers, and targateers, and such light armed men, as many as he thought fit, and landed them in Europe side; and these setting upon Clitus his men who were gone ashoar, and busie in making their Camp; put them into a fright, and thereupon they hasted to their ships again: but werefore troubled, what for losse of their baggage, what for the misse of their fellows, many of which were taken prisoner. And in the mean time he provided other ships of war; whereinto he put many of his principal best souldiers, and sent them to the same place, with a strict charge to set valiantly upon their enemies; for that in so doing, they should no doubt overcome them. These therefore, coming thither by night, under the command of Nicanor their Captain, set upon their enemies at the break of day; put them to flight at the very first assault, and bilging some of them with their beakes, took others with the men in them, which called for quarter: and at last, took all the rest of the ships and men, save onelyonly the Ammiral. Clitus himself left his ship, and fled to land, thinking to get into Macedonia; but in the way fell among Lysimachus his souldiers, who slew him, [Diodor.]

Antigonus, having given the enemy this great blow, bare himself for master of the Sea: and hasted now to make himself absolute Monarch of all Asia: Wherefore, taking with him 20 thousand foot, and 4 thousand Horse, the best of both sorts, that he could pick out of all his army, he marcht away towards Cilicia, to disperse those companies of Eumenes which there were, before his whole army came together, [Id.]

Jubilie 23. Year of the World 3687

Eumenes, knowing Antigonus his design, endevoured to reduce Phoenicia where he then was, to the obedience of the Kings; because at that time it was injustly possessed by Prolemei: but failling thereof, he removed thence, and went thorough Coelosyria, purposing to get into those parts, which are called the Upper Provinces, [Diodor. lib. 18.] and having the silver Targateers with him, with their Captain Antigenes, wintered in a country of Babylonia, which is called Cares, [Id. lib. 19.]

Eumenes, being there, sent to Seleucus the Governour of Babylonia, and to Pithon the governour of Media, to come, and, together with himself, to assist the Kings, against Antigonus, who rebelled against them. Seleucus sent him word that he would do what service he could for the Kings: but commanded by Eumenes, who stood long since a condemned person by the Council of the Macedons, he would not: and withal sent under-hand to Antigenes and the silver Targateers, to depose Eumenes; but they would not, [Id. ibid:]

Eumenes, commending the loyalty of his souldiers, went forward to the bank of Tigris, and there encamped, 300 furlongs off from Babylon: and there lost some of his men, by the rising of the Natives upon him. From thence he purposed to go forward to Susa, both that he might there recollect his souldiers out of the upper Provinces, and also take and make use of the Kings monies, which lay there, for his urgent and necessary occasions. But Seleucus coming upon him near the Euphrates, he was put in danger of losing his whole army by a sudden inundation, which Seleucus brought upon him, by opening the head of an old dam or sluce, and letting in the water upon his Camp, which was ready to drown all. Wherefore he and his men were fain to flie from thence to a piece of upper ground, and there they spent that day; casting in their minds, how to remedy this inconveniency. And the next day they got 30 flat-bottom'd boats, wherein they transported the chief part of the army, without impeachment of p. 307the enemy: For Seleucus had nothing but horse with him, and them also far inferior to Eumenes in number: And now the night came on, when Eumenes, taking care of his carriages which were left behind, went back with his Macedons again over the river, and there by the means of the Natives, found a place, where to let out the water another way, and so to make all that country dry and passable again: which Selucus perceiving, and withal, desirous to rid his countrey of such guests, as soon as possibly he could, sent messengers to offer them a truce, and so suffered them to march away without interruption. And so Eumenes, having escaped out of Seleucus his hands, beyond expectation, came with his army into Persia; or rather into the country of Susa, having then with him 16000 Foot, and 1300 Horse, and then, having refreshed his army after their hard and miserable march, he sent to the Commanders of the upper Provinces, to send him in, forthwith, both men and mony, for the service of the Kings. [Id. l. 18. and 19.]

Attalus Polemo, Antipater and Philotas, all Captains, taken in the overthrow of of Alcetes, and committed to prison in an exceeding strong Castle, hearing that Antigonus was marched up into the upper Provinces, (Diodorus saith, that at that time he was in Mesopotamia) and having gotten every man a sword, and being but eight in number, at midnight, set upon 4 hundred men, then in the Garrison; and seizing first upon Xenopithes, the Captain of it, threw him down the rock of the Castle, which was one furlong high, & having killed some, & forced the rest, set fire on the houses within the fort, whereupon they which were without, attending the issue of their attempt, came, and were received into the Castle, to the number of fifty men; But being in, and not agreeing among themselves, whether they should make good the place, attending supply from Eumenes, or leave it, and shift every man for himself, the souldiers of other Garrisons, not far off, to the number of 500 foot, and 400 horse, and upwards, and the Natives thereabouts, to the number of 3 thousand came in, and making a Captain one of themselves, besieged the place round; Docimus, who advised to leave the place, espying a way down the hill, without a guard to keep it, treated by a messenger with Statomice the wife of Antigonus, who lay not far off, and with one only in his company, gate out, and went to her: but she, not keeping her word with him, laid him fast again; But he that went with him, made himself a leader and guide to the enemy, and led them up the castle, and with them, being a considerable number, possessed himself of a strong place in it. Neverthelesse Attalus, with the rest, which were of opinion to maintain the fort, kept on fighting from day to day, in manful wise. [Id. lib. 19.]

Pitho, who was Governor of Media, having slain Philotas, who was Governor of the upper provinces, put his own brother Eudramus in his room: Whereupon the other Governors combined together, fearing least they might also be served with the same sauce, because Pitho was a man of a turbulent humor, and used to put himself upon great matters, and having overthrown him and slain a great part of his men, they drave him quite out of all Parthia: whereupon he came into Media, hoping to have relief there, but finding none, he retired to Babylon, and there desired succour from Seleucus his hand, [Id. l. 19.]

Eumenes, continuing in the Country of Susa, for want of victuals, divided his whole army into three brigades, and yet so marching through the countrey, found great scarcity of corne every where; but was fain to give them instead thereof, rice, and a kind of Indian wheat, and the fruit of palm tree, whereof there was great abundance in those parts. Now although he had afore-hand sent the Kings letters to them of the upper Provinces, to be aiding to him; yet he again sent other letters to them of his own, to request them to come unto him with all their power into the country of Susa. But his Agents found them all in a body, met together against Pitho, [Ibid.]

The chief among them all, and the man on whom allyes were most fixed, was Pencestes, whom Alexander had heretofore made the chief Squier of his body, and Governor of Persia; he had about him Persian Archers, and Slingers, to the number of ten thousand, and of other Nations, taken into the rank of Macedons, 3 thousand, with 6 hundred horse, of Greeks and Thracians together, and of Persian horse, 4 hundred; Polemon a Macedon, Governour of Carmania had 1500 foot, and 700 horse; Sibyrtius the Governor of Arachosia had one thousand foot, and 610 horse. Androbazus was there, with 1200 foot, and 400 horse, sent from Oxyarta, the Governor of Parapamysus; Stasanor the Governor of Aria, and Drangia, with some Bactrians, made 1500 foot, and one thousand horse. Out of India came to them, Eudamus (whom Arrianus calleth Eudemus, and Curtius Eudemon,) Governor of the Oxydracans and Mallians, with 300 horse, and 3 thowsand foot, and 120 Elephants, which he got, when he trecherously slew Porus the King of Indians: so that they amounted in all, to 18700 foot (though the particulars make 21000.) and 4600 Horse, [Ibid.]

p. 308These, when they were all come to Eumenes, in the Country of Susiana, called a publick council, where arose a hot dispute, especially between Pencestes and Antigenes Captain of the silver Targateers, about the choice of a General. But Eumenes had long before taken away all occasion of that dispute, by erecting a pavillion for Alexander, and erecting his throne therein, wherein all meetings were to consult of publick affairs as in his presence, [Ib.]

And then coming all together to Susa, Eumenes took out of the Kings treasurie there, so much as the Kings service then necessarily required, for the Kings letters to the keepers of their treasure there, had required, that they should issue to Eumenes alone, so much money, without stint, as he required. Wherefore he gave the Macedons six moneths pay before-hand, and to Eudamus, which brought those Elephants out of India, he gave two hundred talents, under colour of defraying the charge of those beasts, but indeed to oblige the man himself to his devotion: for he saw well, that if any controversie should arise among them, that party was most like to carry it, to which he with his beasts should apply himself. The rest of the Governours paid every man his own souldiers that he brought with him. This done, Eumenes continued a while in Susiana, to refresh his army after their hard journey, [Ibid.]

Philippus Aridaeus (one of the two Kings) with his wife Euridice, by the command of Olympias, were murdered: having reigned six years, after the death of Alexander, [Justin. lib. 14. cap. 5.] and four moneths over, as [Diodor. year 4. Olymp. 115.] Id. and Porphyrie [in Graec. Euseb, pag. 228.] about the 22 day of our September.

Cassander, Year of the World 3688 the son of Antipater, The Julian Period. 4398 besieged Olympias with her grand-child Hercules, Year before Christ 316 the son of Alexander the Great, and his mother Barsine, in a Town of Macedonia, called Pydna. In the beginning of the Spring following, all provisions failing, Olympias was forced to dismisse her souldiers; and her self shortly after, upon promise of life, which she could hardly obtain, yeilded her self into Cassanders hands, [Diod. and Justin. lib. 14. cap. 6.]

Antigonus, removing out of Mesopotamia, came into the Country of Babylonia, and there confederating with Seleucus and Pitho, and receiving some supplies from them, he made a bridge of boats over the River Tigris, and there crossing the River, he marched away with all speed against Eumenes, wherefore Eumenes being before-hand advertised, gave in charge …o Xenophius the keeper of the Castle in Susa, to issue out none of the Kings monies to Antigonus, nor to come out to a parly with him, at any hand; and so went with his armies, and manned the bank of Tigris all along, from the head thereof, to the very sea, with forts every where built upon the bank thereof: and because that work, by reason of the length thereof, required no small number of men, therefore Eumenes and Antigenes obteined of Pencestes to send them 10 thousand archers more out of Persia, [Diodor. year. 1. Olymp. 116.]

Antigonus, going with his army to the Kings palace in Susa, there made Seleucus, Governour of that Country, and leaving a sufficient army with him, willed him to besiege the Castle there: and when Xenophilus the Treasurer, refused to obey his commands, he about the rising of the dog-star, with his army marched by night-journies to the River Copatres, where it falls into the Tigris; but lost a great multitude of his men, by the way, in regard of the excessive heat of the season: and whereas he found that river, when he came to it, to be four acres broad, therefore he got together a small quantity of flat-bottom'd boats, and in them put over some of his Foot, bidding them there to attend the coming of the rest. Whereof Eumenes being advertised by his scouts, (and he was at that time but 80 furlongs off from the place) presently with four thousand Foot, and 1300 Horse, passing the bridge of Tigris, found three thousand Foot, and three hundred Horse, of Antigonus his army put over, and no lesse than six thousand of others, who were forraging about the Country; all these he suddenly set upon, and routed them. As for the Macedons which made resistance, he forced them to the river; where running headlong into their boats, and overcharging them, they sunk, so that few of them escaped: and they that would not venture upon the River, were taken prisoners, to the number of four thousand: so saith Diodorus. But Piutarch saith, that when Antigonus passed the Pasitigris, and the rest of the army perceived it not, Eumenes himself met him, with his own company, and slew many of his men, and filled the River with dead carcases, and besides, took four thousand prisoners.

Antigonus, seeing he could not passe that River, retired with his army toward a city called Balaca, seated upon the River Ulaie, where staying some certain dayes, he refreshed his army, which was tried out with the vehemencie of the heat, and purposing from thence to go to Ecbatane, he went not by the high-way, both by reason of the immoderate heat, and because it would take him up no lesse than 40 dayes journy, in going: but by the Cossaeans, which was the shorter cut, and not so exposed to the scorching of the sun, as the other was, wherein neverthelesse, he lost a multitude of his p. 309men, and hazarded all the rest, and yet at nine dayes end, hardly came to any habitable place in Media: where when the whole army began to grumble, for that within the space of 40 dayes, they had received three such blows, he commanded Pithon to go over all Media, which he did, and brought him in two thousand Horse, and a thousand Horses ready furnished, and so many loads of munition, that all the army might thereof be compleatly furnished; and withall, five hundred talents out of the Kings treasure. Antigonus disposed of those Horse among his other Troups; and distributed the Horses, among those who had lost their own, and gave the beasts of draught or carriages, freely among those that wanted them, whereby he quickly regained the love and favour of his army again, [Diodor. year 1. Olymp. 116.]

Eumenes with his men, removing from Passtigris toward Persia, came to the Regal seat of the kingdom, called Persepolis at the end of 24 dayes march; where his whole army was entertained, and most magnificently feasted by Pencestes the Governour of that Province, after sacrifice offered to the gods, and among them to Alexander and Philip; and as Plutarch addes, a sheep was given to every man of them, for his own particular sacrifice. But when Eumenes perceived that his purpose was hereby to ingratiate himself with the army, and to gain to himself the soverreign power and command thereof, he caused a forged letter to be written to himself in the name of Orontes the Governour of Armenia, an intimate friend of Pencestes, in Syriac characters, purporting that Olympias, with Alexanders youngest son, having destroyed Cassander, had recovered again the kingdom of Macedon, and that Polysperchon, with the main power of the Kings army and his Elephants, had put over into Asia, against Antigonus, [Diod. ib. Polyae. stratag. lib. 4.] These letters therefore going for current, every man cast in his mind, that Eumenes would be all in all, and the great man to advance whom he pleased, and to punish whom he thought fit, and therefore resolved to depend on him: and he, as he found any averse from him, called them in question, in form of law; beginning with Sibyrtius the Governour of Arachosia, and so made them all afraid; and in the mean time courted Pencestes, and held him on, with all terms of love and friendship: telling him what heaps of honour and wealth he would cast upon him when time should serve; and by that means held him quiet, from attempting any further against him, as he had begun to do, [Diod. Ib.]

And being further desirous to oblige the rest of the Governours of Provinces, and Commanders to himself, he made as though he had wanted money; and therefore exhorted them to contribute what they could spare, for the Kings service: and having by this means gotten out of them to the summe of 400 talents, he made them who seemed most fickle to him before, most sure to him now, for fear of losing the monies which they had lent, [Id. ib. and Plut. in Eume.]

In the lesser Asia Attalus, Year of the World 3689. c. and the rest of the Commanders with him, after one year and 4 moneths siege endured, and much hardship suffered therein, were forced at last to render themselves, [Diodor. year 4. Olymp. 115.]

In the greater Asia, Antigonus removing with his army out of Media into Persia, Eumenes preparing to march against him, and offering sacrifices, fell a feasting with his Captains: and, therein following their humor, over-drank himself so far, that he was fain to lie by it, and so hindered his march for certain dayes: Whereupon his souldiers said, that other Generals could feast, but Eumenes could do nothing but command and fight. Yet after a little while, he recovered himself, and went on upon his march, wherein Pencestes and Antigenes led the Van: and he in a Lictier came after with the Elephants. And now the two armies were within a dayes journey each of other: when the scouts came in, and brought tidings of their approach, and what numbers they were, and what wayes they took; whereupon each party prepared for the field. But when Eumenes, lying in his Lictier, came not into the Camp among them, the chief souldiers in every company, resolved not to stir a foot further, unlesse Eumenes himself came into the Camp among them. Whereupon he was carried in his Lictier, and so went from one quarter to another thoroughout the army, and gave order every where for the ranging of it, whiles Antigonus lookt on, and laughed at him for his labour: and so the battles were ranged on both sides, but could not come to fight, the ground was so bad that lay between them, [Diodor. year 1. Olymp. 116. Plut. in Eumene.]

Wherefore drawing off each from other three furlongs space, they spent four dayes, in light skirmishes, and forraging the Country thereabouts, being pinched on either side, with hunger, and want of other necessaries: and on the fifth day. Antigonus fell again a practising with Eumenes his army to betray him, upon hopes of huge rewards: but his agents were sent away by the Macedons with great indignation and threats, if they offered to come again in that errand. After which Eumenes, having gotten intelligence that Antigonus had a purpose to remove his Camp, by night, three dayes journey off, to a place called Gubiene, a country abounding with all provisions, sent some trusty men under colour of run-awayes, to inform Antigonus, that Eumenes p. 310would fall upon his Camp that night: and whiles Antigonus was preparing to rceive him there, Eumenes stole away with his army, to get to Gubiene before him, and there to take up his station for his Camp. Antigonus finding at length that Eumenes had put a trick upon him, though Eumenes was gotten six houres march before him, yet he followed after him; and willing Pitho to come fastly after, with the main body of the army; he, with a company of the swiftest that he could chuse, gat before him, and shewed himself upon a hill, where Eumenes must needs see him. Eumenes gathering thereby, that Antigonus with all his army was there, made a stand, before he came to the very place, where he intended to pitch his Camp, and there ranged his battle in array, and the mean while, came Antigonus his army up unto him: thus these two great Generals used their wits, and put tricks each upon the other, [Diodorus Ibid.]

And here now, being in the Country of the Paraeteceni, these two Generals ranged each his army, in excellent array, and with great judgement, as Diodorus sets it down at large. Eumenes had with him 35 thousand Foot, and six thousand, and one hundred Horse, and 114 Elephants. Antigonus on his part, had 28 thousand Foot, and upwards: 8500 Horse, and 65 Elephants. These fell to work, in most manfull wise, and continued on the fight without shrinking on either side, till almost midnight, the moon being then at full. When being spent on both sides, they were fain to give off fighting, and to fall to work upon encamping: there died on Antigonus his side, 3700 Foot, and 54 Horse, and about four thousand maim'd. Eumenes lost of his Foot 540, and a very small number of his Horse, and upward of 900 hurt. [Id. ibid.]

Eumenes would fain have gotten the corpses of such as he had lost to bury them, in signe of a totall victory: but the army would not, but would needs return to the place, where their stuff was laid, being somewhat far off, and so Eumenes was fain to let that alone.

But Antigonus forced his men to camp near the place where the battle was fought, and where his men lay dead, & there burying them, bare himself for master of the field; and gave it out, that the victory was his, saying, That he who had power to bury his dead, was ever to be counted conqueror of the field: so having buried them by break of day, and detaining by him the herald which came to him, to beg the bodies of the dead, sent him back at night again, and gave leave to come and bury the bodies the next day.

But himself having sent away the herald, presently marched away with all his army, and by long stages came to Gamarga in Media, far off from Eumenes; which Country, being of Pithons government, was wonderfull plentifull of all provisions, and able to maintain great armies, [Ibid.] And so Eumenes having beaten Antigonus in the Country of Paraetecene, sent him away to take up his winter quarters in Media, [Emil. Prob. in Eumene.] in a place there called Gadamalis, al. Gadarlis, as Diodorus, or Gadamarlis, as Polyaenus nameth it.

Eumenes, hearing by his scouts that Antigonus was gone, would not follow after him, both because his army was not in case, and also for that he had a great desire to enterre his dead, in the most solemn wise, that possibly he could. Among whom there was one Ceteus, which commanded those who came to him out of India, at whose burial there grew a great contention, between his two wives, there present, which of them should have the prerogative and honour, to be burnt alive with him; the younger of the two having gotten the preeminence of the other, who was great with child, went into the fire, and left the other to live, whether she would or no; but she also, for very grief thereof, pined away and died, as Diodorus more at large declareth.

Eumenes, having finishished these obsequies, removed from thence into Gabiene, which was distant from where Antigonus lay with his army, if one would go thorough the Countries which were inhabited, 25 dayes; but if thorough the desert, then but nine dayes, journey: so far did they winter each from other, and gave their armies leave to breath, and to recover their spirits again, against the next spring. [Id.]

In this mean while, Cassander the son of Antipater, desirous to make himself absolute King of Macedon, made away with Olympias the mother of Alexander the Great, and married Thessalonice, the daughter of Philip, (not of Aridaeus, as Justin mistaketh it) and Alexanders own sister: and that done, sent Alexander the son of Alexander the Great, being a very child, with Roxane his mother, to be kept in the Castle at Amphipolis, [Diod. year 1. Olymp. 116. Justin. lib. 14. in fi.]

When Eumenes his souldiers had taken a little breath, they grew heady and insolent withal, and in spight of their Commanders, camped where they listed all the country of Gabiene over, so that some of their tents were no lesse than a thousand furlongs off from their head-quarter, [Plutarch] for they chose their quarters, not according to any discipline p. 311or order of war; but to satisfie the luxurious appetite of their own humours, [Emil. Prob.]

Antigonus, being advertised hereof, & finding himself too weak for the enemy, whiles he was in any good array, resolved to set upon them, in this disorder as they were: and therefore casting it abroad, that he would march with his army out of Media into Armenia, upon the sudden, & in the depth of winter, foreign, saith Diodorus, (i. e.) about the season of the Winter Tropic: leaving the ordinary way, marched thorough the Desert, making fires in the day time, and putting them out at night, least that any perhaps seeing them a far off, might discover his approach to the enemy. But when they had spent five dayes in this tedious journey, the souldiers for very cold fell to making of fires by night as well as by day: which some of the dwellers in the Desert espied, and presently getting upon Dromedaries which commonly run 1500 furlongs in a day; gave notice thereof to Eumenes and Pencestes, [Diodor. Plut. and Emil. Prob.]

Pencestes stood like a stock at the hearing of this news, Year of the World b. and seeing the rest no lesse amazed thereat than himself, began to think of running away; but then came Eumenes, and dispersed this could, bidding them not fear, and assuring them, that he would take order, that the enemy should not come into those parts, these three dayes, no nor four: or as Emilius hath it, not in five; wherefore he sent messengers about into all parts, to require them to repaire to their head-quarter: and then he went about himself with certain nimble officers, and caused fires every where upon the hill Countries to be made, so as Antigonus might see, and take notice of them: and all within the compasse of some 70 furlongs, that from thence Antigonus a far off might gather, that all his army was there come together. Antigonus esping those fires, began presently to imagine that he was betrayed, and his counsels discovered by some of his own people, and that Eumenes was coming to fall upon him with his whole army: and fearing to hazard his tired army, against Eumenes his fresh and lusty souldiers, turned aside out of the plain, into a more winding way, and there stayed one whole day, to rest his men, and to refresh his beasts, that all might be in the better case to fight, in need should be, [Idem. and Polyaenus, stratag. lib. 4.]

Mean while Eumenes his army, for the most part, was come to their Rendezvous: and his souldiers seeing his surpassing dexterity and wisdom in ordering things, desired him to order all matters himself: whereupon Antigenes himself, who had ever hitherto stood firm unto him, and Theudamus, the two Commanders of the silver Targateers, moved with envy, practised with other Captains of the army to kill him; which when Eudamus, who commanded the Regiment of the Elephants, and one Phaedimus, (being two of those, who had lent him monies, and were in feat of losing it, if he miscarried) understood, they forthwith disclosed the practice to Eumenes: and he, saying, that he had to do with a company of bruit beasts; went presently and made his will, and then burnt his Cabinet of papers, least after his death, they should tell tales, and prove dangerous to those that had written them, [Plutarch.]

And now the day came, that should try the matter between Antigonus and Eumenes, which Diodorus at large describeth. Antigonus had with him 22 thousand Foot, and 9 thousand Horse, with 65 Elephants. Eumenes his army consisted of 36. thousand, and 700 Foot, and 6 thousand and 50 Horse, and 114 Elephant. The field where they fought was very spacious, sandy, and waste; whereupon such a dust presently arose, upon the first stirring of the Horse, that if a man were never so little off, he could not possibly discerne what was done: which Antigonus observing, sent forthwith away some Median Horse, and certain Tarentines out of Italy, to set upon the baggage of the enemy, which were left, about five furlongs off, from the place, where the fight was. And Pencestes the Governour of Persia, being frighted by Antigonus, got out of the dust with his horse, and drew with him some 1500 more. But the silver Targateers which were on Eumenes his side, making a strong impression upon Antigonus his main battle, slew upward of 5 thousand of them upon the place, and routed all the rest, not losing so much as one man of their company. And so Eumenes had the better of the day, having not lost in all that battle above 300 of his men, [Diodor. Plut. Polyaen. stratag▪ lib. 4.]

When the Macedons, after the fight was done, saw their carriages all taken, and their wives and children, and whatever else was dear unto them, taken prisoners, and carried away by the enemy, great sorrow and lamentation there was among them the Camp all over: whose dolorous complaints Eumenes seeking to pacifie and asswage, put them in mind that they had slain 5 thousand of the enemies, and if they would but bear up a while, they should force them to sue for peace, and then all would be well again. That the losse they so much lamented, was but onelyonly some 2 thousand women, and a few children and servants, which they might better regain by pursuing the victory, then by letting it go now they had it in their hands. But the Macedons plainly p. 312told him, that they would neither flee now they had lost their wives and children, nor bear armes against them, and withal fell a railing at him. Then Teutamus, of his own head, sent a messenger to Antigonus to desire him to send back their goods again which he had taken; and so the bargain was driven between them, that giving up Eumenes into his hands, they should receive every man his own again: And so the Macedons, and ten thousand Persians which came with Pencestes, and the other Governours of places, and souldiers for the most part, left Eumenes, and went to Antigonus in his Camp, [Idem. with Justin lib. 14. cap. cap. 3.]

The silver Targateers therefore, before they went, broke in upon Eumenes, and wrested his sword out of his hand, and bound his hands behind him with a greater, and upon the fourth day after the fight, delivered him bound to Nicanor, who was sent by Antigonus to receive him; Eumenes desired nothing of Nicanor, but that he would lead him through the midst of the Macedons, and give him leave to speak his last unto them: which done, he went before his keepers into Antigonus his Camp, then followed the army which had betrayed their own Commander, and who were now themselves no better than so many captive slaves; and went in triumph of themselves, into their Conquerors Camp; and to make it a compleat triumph of themselves, the Elephants also, and the auxiliaries out of India, brought up the rere. But Antigonus, for very shame and reverence of the old familiarity and friendship that had been between them two, would not suffer him to be brought unto his sight, but assigned him certain souldiers to keep him, [Plutarch in Eumen…: Justin, lib. 14. cap. 4.]

Among those that were wounded, was brought also Hieronimus of Cardia, the Historiographer, who having been ever in great esteeme with Eumenes during his life, found after his death, great favour also at Antigonus his hand, [Diodor. lib. 19. year 1. Olymp. 116.] This Hieronimus wrate a book, foreign: as Diodorus, [lib. 18. p. 62.] and Josephus, [lib. 1. cont. Apionem, pag. 1050.] terme it, or foreign (as Dionysius Halicarnassaeus in the proem of Roman Antiquities calls it) both importing as much, as Of the Successors of Alexander the Great, with the general History of his own time.

Antigonus, having now gotten both Eumenes and all his army into his hands, laid first hold of Antigenes, the Commander of the silver Targateers, and putting him alive into a coffin, there burnt him to ashes: and then put Eudamus, who brought Eumenes his Elephants out of India, and Celbanus, and some others whom he alwayes had found his opposites, to death, [D…odor.]

When Onomarchus the Captain of the watch asked Antigonus, how he would have Eumenes to be kept? his answer was, as you would keep (said he) a raging Lyon, or an unruly Elephant: yet afterward, relenting a little toward him, he commanded his heavy chains to be taken off from him, and a boy of his own to be suffered to attend him, and to help to anoint him, and gave leave to his friends, that would, to visit him, and to supply him with necessaries. And now, although his own son Demetrius, and Nearchus the Cretian, were desirous, and laboured to save his life, yet almost all the rest that were about him, pressed him by all means to rid him out of the way: yet for all this, Antigonus took seven dayes time to think upon it; and then, fearing least his Army might happen to grow into a mutiny about it, he gave order that no man should be suffered to come at him, and command his daily diet to be withdrawn from him: for he said, that sure his hand should never be upon him, who had formerly been his friend; and when he had neither eaten nor drank in 8 dayes space, and the camp was suddenly to remove, one was sent in to him, unknown to Antigonus, and cut his throat. Antigonus, in respect to his former familiarity with him, commanded his corps to be delivered to his nearest friends, to be buried as they thought fit: and they buried it in an honourable, but a military way, all the army following the bier, and burnt it, and gathered his bones into a silver Urne, and took care to convey them to his wife and children in Cappadocia, [Diodorus, year 1. Olymp. 116. Plutarch and Emil. Prob. in Eumene.]

Antigonus, returning into Media with his whole army, spent the rest of the winter in a towne not far from Ecbatane, and distributed his army here and there over all that Province, and especially in the country of Rages, so called from foreign because there had been above 2 thousand cities and townes destroyed by earth-quakes in those parts, as Strabo saies [lib. 11. pag. 514.] out of Possidonius; where, when he discovered that Pitho, the Governor of Media, sought to oblige many of the souldiers by large gifts, and larger promises, to his own devotion, and to perswade them to a revolt from him, he dissembled the matter very handsomely, and gave it out, that he purposed to make Pitho Governor of the upper Provinces, and to leave a sufficient army with him, to maintain them: He wrate also his letters to Pitho, and therein earnestly entreated him to come away in all haste unto him, to the end (said he) that having consulted together p. 113upon some necessary matters, he might forthwith march away into the lesser Asia. Whereby, and by other letters sent him from friends, as he took them to be, Pitho, who was then in the furthest parts of all Media, in his winter quarters, being gouzeled, came to Antigonus, who, so soon as he had him, called him before a Council of war; and they quickly found him guilty, and chopt off his head, [Diodorus, ut supra.]

Antigonus, gathering all his army together, committed the Government of Media to Orontobazes, a Median born, but General of his army he made Hippostratus, who had 3500 forraign Foot souldiers under him. Himself taking with him the body of his army went to Ecbatane, where taking into his hands five thousand talents of massie silver, he marched into Persia, and it cost him 20 dayes journey before he arrived at Persepolis, the Capital City thereof, [Ib.]

While Antigonus was upon his way thither-ward, the friends of Pithon, and such as were his consorts in the plot which he was about, the chief whereof were Meleager, and Menoetas, with other well willers both of him and Eumenes, but were scattered abroad into corners, met together, to the number of 800 Horse, and fell first upon the lands and possessions of such of the Medes, as refused to joyn with them in this combination, and then set upon Herostrotus, and Orontobazus his Camp by night, and missed very narrowly of the prise they came for: but being over-laid with the multitude of their men, and having onelyonly enticed some of the Medes to run the same course with them, were fain to retire; yet some of the nimblest of them, (and they were all horse-men) made many incursions upon the Country people, and raised many hububs among them; but were at last enclosed in a place compassed about with Rocks, like a pinfold, and were there partly slain, partly taken. But Meleager and Cranes, and the better sort of them, that would not yield, died like men, with their swords in their hands. [Ib.]

So soon as Antigonus came into Persia, the people there did him all kingly reverence and honour, as to the man that was now, without controversie, sole Lord of all Asia; there, calling a Council of his Nobles together; he propounded to them the matter of the government of the severall provinces to be considered of: in which consultation, they left Carmania to Tlepolemus, Bactria to Stasanor, and Parapamisus to Oxyartes the father of Roxane, because they could not well be taken from them, to hold as they did before. Into Aria was sent Euitus, and he coming shortly after to die, Euagoras was put in his room, a man of wonderfull valour, and grave wisdom withall, [Ibid.]

Antigonus sent for Sibyrtius, a well willer of his, out of Arachosia, and confirmed him in his government of that province, and gave him a whole thousand of the most turbulent and seditious silver Targateers, which had betrayed Eumnes; these he appointed to him, under a colour of serving him in the war, but indeed of purpose to destroy them; for he gave Sibyrtius instructions withall to employ them in all break-neck services, till he had consumed them, that there might not a man of them ever return into Macedon, or see the Greek coast again, [Diodor. Ibid. with Plut, in Eumene and Polyaenus, Stratag. lib. 4.]

Antigonus, finding that Pencestes was very much beloved in Persia, made it one of his first works to strip him of that government. And when all the natives there, repined at it, a certain chief man among them, called Thespias, spake openly against it; and said, That the Persians would be governed by no other man but Pencestes: whereupon he slew Thespias, and made Asclepiodorus Governour of Persia, and held on Pencestes with vain hopes, of preferring him to higher preferments elsewhere, until he had drawn him quite out of the Country, [Diodor. Ibid.]

Whiles Antigonus was upon his way to Susa, Xenophilus, who had the keeping of the Kings treasure there, being sent by Seleucus, went and met him at Pasitigris, and offered him his service, in whatsoever he should be pleased to command him. Antigonus received him very graciously, and made as if he honoured him above all the friends he had; fearing least he might happily alter his mind, and keep him out when he came thither. But when he came into the Castle of Susa, he possessed himself of it, and there got the golden vine, and store of other such like rarities, to the value of 15 thousand talents, all which he turned into ready coin, besides Crowns of gold, and other presents, and spoiles taken from the enemy, which amounted to five thousand talents more, besides a like quantity which he collected out of Media, so that in all he made 25 thousand talents, [Id. Ibid.]

Antigonus left for Governour of the province of Susa, one Aspisus, a native of the Country: but purposing to carry away all this mony to the sea side in Asia, he caused cartage to be provided for that purpose, and so taking all along with him, he took his journey toward Babylon, [Diod. Olymp. 116. year 2.]

When at 22 dayes end he arrived at Babylon, there Seleucus, the governour of that p. 314Province, received him with all royal presents, and feasted his whole army; but when he struck one of the Captains without acquainting Antigonus therewith. Antigonus willed him to give an account of all the monies of the publique stock, which he had there received since his coming to the place: But Seleucus answered him that he was not bound to make an account for that which was given him by the Macedons, for the service which he had done to Alexander in his life time: and when grutches grew daily between them, Seleucus, finding himself too weak for Antigonus, and fearing least he might happily be sent packing out of the World, as Pitho, the Governor of Media, was, he fairely stole away with 50 horse only in his company, and betook himself to Ptolomei in Egypt; for now all the world talked of his debonanairity, and how propitious he was to all, who in their necessities fled unto him, [Id. Ibid. and Appia, in his Syriaca. p. 121.]

When Antigonus grew now very jolly, for that without being forced to draw blood of his old friend, and without stroke striken, he had quietly gotten into the possession of Babylon, the Chaldeans told him, that if he let Selucus go, all Asia would be his; and himself should one day lose his life in a battle against him, he repented him that he had let him go, and sent men after him, to take and bring him back again; but they, having pursued him a while, gave him off, and returned without him to Antigonus, [Diodorus, ibid.] And he thereupon, turned Blirores the Governor of Mesopotamia out of his place, for suffering Seleucus to passe that way, [Appia. ib.]

Seleucus, having got safe into Egypt, was entertained by Ptolomei, with all expressions of love that might be: and having laid open the proceedings of Antigonus against himself, stirred up Ptolomei to engage in a war against him, [Diod. ib. with Pausanias in his Attica, p. 5.]

Seleucus, Year of the World 3690 from thence sent some of his trustie friends into Europe, to perswade Cassander, who then commanded all in Macedonia, and Lysimachus, who did the like in Thracia, to make war upon Antigonus: and Antigonus, guessing what his intentions were, sent his Agents to Ptolomei, and Cassander and Lysimachus, to entreat them all three, to continue their love and friendship to him, as in former times, [Diod. ut su.] but Seleucus had so wrought with them, that they all joyned together with him in a firme league, against him, [Appia. ut sup.]

Antigonus, having made Pitho, who came out of India, Governor of Babylon, marched forward toward Cilicia; and coming to Mallos, which is a city in Cilicia; there he distributed his army into their winter quarters, it being then the time when Orion sets, (i. e.) in our month of November: and he received in the city of Quindi of the same Province, 10000 talents: and 11000 talents more out of the yearly revenue there [Diodor. ibid.]

And now Antigonus, was removed into the uper Syria, when Embassadors came to him from Ptolomei, Cassander, and Lysimachus, who being brought into him as he sate in Council, made their demands according to their instructions, which were, that he would deliver up all Cappadocia and Lycia to Cassander, Phrygia bordering upon Hellespont to Lysimachus, all Syria to Ptolomei, and the Province of Babylon to Seleucus; and all the common stock of moneys which he had encroached upon since the death of Eumenes, to be shared equally among them: whereunto he answered roughly, that he was now upon making a war against Ptolomei, and that his purpose was not to have any sharers therein with himself, either of peril or profit, [Diod. and Appia. ut sup. Justin, l. 15. c. 1.]

The Embassadors returning with this answer, Ptolomei, Cassander, and Lysimachus, buckled themselves instantly to a war against him, by sea and land, [Id.] And Antigonus, perceiving what a storm was ready to fall upon him, sought the alliance and confederacie of other Cities and Nations, and Princes, for his assistance in this war: and to this purpose, he dispatcht away Agesilaus to the King of Cyprus, Idomeneus and Moschion to Rhodes, and one Ptolomei, his own brothers son, into Cappadocia, with an army, Aristodemus into Laconia, with a thousand talents, to hire souldiers from thence, and disposed Becons and Curriers throughout all Asia, which was wholy at his command, thereby to give and get knowledge of all things that passed, in a moment.

Having taken this order, and being upon his march into Phenicia, there to provide him of a fleet, and encamping near to Tyrus, in Phaenicia, he sent for the petty Kings and Governors of those parts, to come unto him; and when they came, dealt with them to joyne with him, in furnishing out a fleet, and in building of more ships, because all the ships that belonged to Phaenicia, were at that time with Ptolomei in Egypt. He gave them order likewise, to bring him in, 4500000 bushels of wheat (for to so much, came the yearly expence of his army) and then set men on work, to fell timber, and to build ships, and to draw the materials for them, from mount Lebanon to the sea side, imploying therein 8000 men to work, and 1000 beasts for carriage, [Id.]

p. 315Whiles Antigonus was thus imployed, and had his Camp by the sea side, came Seleucus with an hundred ships royally furnished, and in a scornful manner, skirred along under the noses of them; which when it seemed not a little to trouble the minds of his new associates, Antigonus bad them be of good cheer, saying, that ere the end of that Summer, they should see him put to sea with a fleet of 500 saile, as good as those. Mean while returned Agesilaus with his Embassie out of Cyprus; and brought word that Nicocreon, and the most potent Kings of that Island had allready confederated with Ptolomei, neverthelesse, that Cittieus and Lapithus, and Marrius and Cirenytes, would joyn with him: whereupon he left three thousand men under the command of Andronicus, to maintain the siege against Tyrus, and with the rest of the army marched against Gaza and Joppe, which stood out against him, and took them by force, and such of Ptolomeis men as he found there, he took and distributed them among his own companies, to serve him in his wars, and placed Garrisons in both places to keep them in obedience: which done, he returned to his standing Camp before Tyre, and prepared all necessaries for a siege against it. [Id.]

At the same time Aristo, who was entrusted to carry Craterus his bones, delivered them to Phila, the daughter of Antipater, who was married first to Craterus, and afterward to Demetrius; whose father Antigonus had perswaded him to marry her, and when he shewed himself averse from the match, by reason of the inequality of years between them, she being by so much the elder of the two, he would alwayes round him in the ear with that saying out of Eurypedes,

foreign, (i. e.)

In marriage look unto thy gain,

Though nature sometimes doth restrain.

Where he prettily put in foreign, (i.) to marry, instead of foreign, (i.) to serve, meaning that a man must do any thing to serve his own turn: but this Phila was a woman which was reputed to excell both in wit and wisdom, whereby she often repressed the tumultuous spirits of the most turbulent souldiers in the army, and preferred in marriage at her own cost, the sisters and daughters of the poorer sort among them, [Id. with Plut. in the Life of Demetrius.]

Aristodemus, being sent with other Captains into Laconia, and having there gotten leave of the Spartanes, to raise souldiers there, got together eight thousand men out of Peloponesus, and upon conference with Polysperchon, and his son Alexander, joyned them both in a firm league of amity with Antigonus, and made Polyspercon their General, and Polyspercon he there presently made Commander over the forces which he had raised in Peloponesus, but prevailed with Alexander to passe over into Asia, to Antigonus, [Diod.]

Ptolomei, another of his Captains, going with an army into Cappadocia, and there finding the City Amisus besieged by Asclepiodotus, a Captain of Cassanders, raised the siege, and secured the place: and so having sent Asclepiodorus packing, upon certain conditions, recovered that whole province to Antigonas, and marching from thence thorough Bithynia, came upon the back of Zibytes, King of Bithynia, whiles he was busie in the siege of two cities at once, that of the Assacenians, and the other of the Chalcedonians, and forced him to raise his siege from both, and then falling to capitulations both with him and with the cities that were besieged, and having received hostages of them, removed thence toward Ionia and Lydia, for that Antigonus had written to him, to secure that coast, with all possible speed, having intelligence that Seleucus was going into those parts with his fleet, and thither indeed Seleucus was come, and besieged the City Erythrae: but hearing of the approach of Ptolomei, the nephew of Antigonus, left it, and went his way as he came, [Id.]

Mean while Alexander the son of Polyspercon came unto Antigonus; where, calling together the whole army, with the strangers that were in it, he opened to them what Cassander had done, protesting before them, that he would revenge the murder by him committed upon Olympias, and deliver Alexander his Kings son, with his mother Roxane, out of prison, in Amphipolis, and break off that yoke, which Cassander had laid upon all the Cities of Greece, by his putting his garrisons into them, and then sent back Alexander, Polyspercons son, with five hundred talents more, into Peloponesius, [Id. with Justin lib. 15. cap. 1.]

Then, having gotten a fleet from Rhodes, with other new built ships of his own, he set saile for Tyre; and having all the sea at his command, kept it so, as no supply of victual, or other necessaries, could come thither, whereby that city fell presently into great distresse, [Diod,]

Ptolomei of Egypt, hearing what a declaration Antigonus with the Macedons had made concerning the deliverie of all Greeks from the thraldom of Cassander, made the like declaration for himself, as desirous that all the world should take notice, that he was p. 316no lesse zealous for the liberty of all Grecians, than Antigonus was, and then joyned to his party, Cassander the Governour of Caria, who was a man of a great power, and had many great Cities under his command. And although he had formerly sent three thousand souldiers to the Kings of Cyprus, yet he now sent them 10 thousand more under the command of Myrmidon an Athenian born, and an hundred saile of ships, commanded by Polyclitus: but Generall over all, he made his brother Menelaus, [Id.]

These coming into Cyprus, joyned there with Seleucus and his Fleet, and in a Council of War, advised together what course was fit to take. The result of all which deliberation was, That Polyclitus with fifty sail should passe into Peloponesus, and there make war upon Aristodemus, and Polyspercon, and Alexander his son: That Myrmidon with an army of forreign nations, should go into Caria, there to help Cassander the Governour of that Province, against Ptolemei, a Captain of Antigonus, which lay heavy upon Cassander; and that Seleucus, and Menelaus, staying in Cyprus, should bear up Nicocreon the King, and the rest of their confederates against their enemies, which warred upon them. Having therefore thus divided their forces, Seleucus went and took Cerynia and Lapithus; and having drawn over Stasiaecus King of the Malenses to his party, he forced the Prince of the Amathusians to give him hostages for his fealty in time to come: as for the City Citium, seeing it would come to no agreement with him, he fell to besiege it with his whole army, [Id. ibid.]

About the same time, came 40 sail of ships, out of Hellespont and Rhodes, under the command of one Themison their Ammiral, to Antigonus: and after them, came Dioscorides, with 80 sail more; though Antigonus had already a Navy of his own, new built in Phoenicia, to the number of 120 ships, reckoning in those which he left at Tyre: so that he had in the whole, 240 ships of war, of which there were 90 of four tire of oares: 10 of five, 3 of nine, 10 of ten, and 130 open gallies. Then dividing this Navy, into parts, he sent 50 of them into Peloponesus, and the rest he committed to Dioscorides, his own brothers son; with this charge, that he should keep the Seas, and help his friends as their occasions required; and that he should gain unto his party such of the Islands, as hitherto stood out against him, [Ibid.]

Polyclitus, Seleucus his Lieutenant, sailing from Cyprus, came to Cenchrea, which was a Port of Corinth; where when he found that Alexander, Polyspercons son, had fallen off from Antigonus, to Cassander, so that he now found no enemy there to encounter, as he expected, he changed his course, and set sail for Pamphylia; and from thence, sailed to Aphrodisiades in Cilicia, and there understood, that Theodotus, a Captain of Antigonus his Navy, passed by from Patara, a Port of Lycia, with the Rhodian Fleet, furnished with Mariners out of Caria, and that Perilaus with a land army, coasted along by the shoar, for the defence of the Fleet, if need should be. In this case he used his wits, to save himself out of this brake; for he landed his men, and laid them close in a fitting place where the land army must needs passe: and himself with the Fleet went and lay behind a Foreland, near to the place, waiting for the coming of the enemy: and so it fell out, that Perilaus coming along, fell into the ambushment that was laid for him: where himself was taken prisoner, and of his men, some were slain, and the rest fell alive into their enemies hands. The Fleet at sea, seeing the land army engaged, hasted to their relief: but then Polyclitus, coming upon them in this confusion, with his Ships in good array, put them easily to flight: so it came to passe that Polyclitus took all their ships, and the most part of the men in them: and among the rest, Theodotus himself their Ammiral, sorely martyred with wounds, of which he shortly after died, [Ibid.]

Polyclitus, having sped so well on all hands, sailed back first to Cyprus, and after that to Pelusium in Egypt: where Ptolemei richly rewarded him for so great a service: and withal, promoted him to a far higher dignity and place of honour than he was in before; as the author of so great a victory: but released Perilaus, and some other of the prisoners, which Antigonus desired by a messenger sent to him for that purpose. And then himself going to a place called Ecregma, came to a parlie with Antigonus; but Antigonus refusing to grant him what he demanded, he left him, and returned, [Ibid.]

Cassander put over an army out of Macedonia into Caria, Year of the World 3691 both to help the Cities there which had confederated with Ptolemei, and Seleucus, and also to find Antigonus work there, that he might have no leisure to come into Europe: and the Commanders of this army, Cassander the Governour of Caria, and Prepelaus, hearing that Ptolomei, Antigonus his General in those parts, had laid up his army in their winter quarters, and that himself was now busie in the burying of his father, lately deceased, sent away Eupolemus, with 8000 Foot, and 2000 Horse, to a place called Caprima in Caria, to lie in ambushment for him there: but Ptolemei, getting notice thereof by some that fled over to him, got together out of the next quarters 8300 Foot, and some p. 317600 Horse, and with them falling unlookt for into the enemies trenches, and finding them there all fast asleep, took Eupolemus prisoner, and forced all the rest to submit to his discretion, [Diodor. year 3 Olymp. 116.]

Antigonus, seeing that Cassander put in for the Sovereignity of Asia; left his son Demetrius in Syria, with instructions, to intercept Ptolemeis men which he suspected were then coming with an army further up into Syria; and to that purpose, left with him 10 thousand Foot of other nations, and two thousand Macedons, 500 out of Lycia and Pamphylia; Persian archers and slingers 400, and moreover five thousand Horse, and upward of 40 Elephants, and four men for his counsellors, Nearchon, Pitho, who came lately from Babylon, Andromicus, and Philippus; all men of mature age, and judgement, and such as had attended upon Alexander, in all his wars: for Demetrius himself was but a young man, not passing the age of 22 years, [Id. ibid.]

Upon Antigonus himself, whiles with the rest of the army, he went to passe the Taurus, there fell a mighty snow, wherein he lost a multitude of his men: whereupon he returned back into Cilicia, where he advised himself of a better way to passe that mountain, and with lesse damage to his army; and so coming to Celaenae in Phrygia, he there bestowed his army into their winter quarters, [Id. ibid.]

Tyre, when it had stood out the siege one whole year and three moneths, at last surrendred to Antigonus upon articles, by which Ptolom…i the King of Egypts men, went away with their bag and baggage: and Andronicus was left to hold the place with a Garrison, [Id. year 2. Olymp. 116. and Olymp. 117. year. 1.]

Medius, being sent for by Antigonus to come to him with his fleet, which he had in Phaenicia, upon his way met with the fleet of the City Pydna, and brought both it, and all the men in it, under his subjection, [Id. year. 3. Olympiade. 116.]

Cassander, the Governour of Caria, being over-laid by the enemy, came to this agreement with Antigonus, that he should give up all his army to Antigonus, and suffer all the Greek Cities there, to live after their own laws, and should hold the government which he there had, as by grant from Antigonus, and should carry himself as a firm friend to Antigonus in time to come, and for performance hereof, gave his own brother Agathon in pledge; yet shortly after, repenting him of his bargain, got his brother again out of their clutches, that had him in keeping, and sent his agents to Ptolomei and Seleucus, to come speedily and help him; which Antigonus took in such ill part, that he forthwith sent both by sea and land his forces, to fet the Greek Cities at liberty; and to that purpose made Medius his General by land, and Docimus his high Ammiral by sea. These coming to Milecum, dealt with the inhabitants to stand for their liberty, set upon the Castle and took it, with the Garrison that was therein, and restored the City to her pristin, liberty, [Id. year 4. Olympiade 116.]

Mean while Antigonus took Tralles, and going before the walls of the City Caunus, and sending for his fleet, took that likewise, all save the Castle: and having cast a trench round about that also, he made continual assaults upon it, where there was any hope of entry. He had sent Ptolomei to the City Iassus, but he was sain to come back and joyn again with Antigonus, and so all these Cites came at that time into his subjection. [Id. Ibid.]

The Cyrenians, Year of the World 3692 falling off from Ptolomei, The Julian Period 4402 besieged the Castle there, so fiercely, Year before Christ 312 as if they would presently have taken it: and when messengers came from Alexandria, perswading them to desist, they struck of their heads, and fell to work against the Castle harder than ever. Ptolomei, exceedingly moved herewith; sent thither one Agis, a Captain of his, with an army; and withall, a navie to assist him by sea, under the command of Epaenetus. Agis pursuing the war against these rebels vigorously, took the City of Cyrene by strong hand, and committed the authours of this sedition to prison, and then sent them bound to Alexandria, and disarmed the rest: and so having set things in order there, as he saw cause, returned into Egypt, [Id. year. 1. Olympiade 117.]

Ptolomei, having had this good successe at Cyrene, took shipping, and with his fleet passed over into the Isle of Cyprus, against those who rebelled there against their Kings, and having gotten Pygmalion, who traded with Antigonus, into his hands, put him to death: then took he Praxippus King of the Lapithi, and Prince of Cerynnia, who was suspected of a revolt, and laid them fast: he took likewise Stasiaecus, a petty King of the Malians, and destroying their City, removed the inhabitants from thence to Paphos: which done, he made Nicocreon Commander over all Cyprus; and gave him the Cities, together with the revenues of all the Kings which he had cast out of their dominions, and then went with his army into the upper Syria, and sackt the Cities of Possideum and Potamos in Caria; and that done, he went with a flying army, and took Mallus in Cilicia, and sould away all the inhabitants thereof for slaves, and wasted all the region thereabouts: and having stored all his army with wealth, sailed back again to Cyprus, [Id. Ib.]

p. 318Mean while, Demetrius, the son of Antigonus, kept in Coelosyria, expecting the coming of the Egyptians: but hearing what work Ptolomei had made of so many Cities in Syria, he left Pithon to command in those parts, leaving his Corseleteers and Elephants with him, and he with his Horse, and companies of light armed souldiers, highed him away in all speed toward Cilicia, to aide them which for want of help were distressed there: but coming too late, and finding the enemies all gone, he returned speedily to his Camp again, spoiling many of his Horse by the way; for in six dayes space, he marched from Mallus, 24 dayes journies by their ordinary stages, so that thorough immoderate travel, none of the servants or Horse-boyes were able to keep them company, [Id. Ib.]

Ptolomeus, seeing all go every where as he would have it, for that present, returned into Egypt; but not long after, being put on by Seleucus, for the hatred he bare to Antigonus, he resolved to march into Coelosyria, and there to try it out with Demetrius; wherefore gathering all his army together, he marched from Alexandria to Pelusium, having with him 18000 foot, and 4000 horse, whereof some were Macedons, and some hired souldiers: the Egyptians, some served to carry their darts and weapons, and other luggage of the army, and some for souldiers, and having passed the desert from Pelusium, he encamped near the old city of Gaza in Syria, not farr off from the enemy. And Demetrius on the other side, called all his army out of their winter quarters and appointed them their rendevouz at Gaza; there to attend the coming of the enemy, [Ibid.]