The Latin Grammar, Title page
The Latine GRAMMAR. OR, A Guide teaching a compendious way to attaine exact Skill in the LATINE TONGUE, FOR A proper Congruity and elegant variety of Phraſes in Proſe and Verſe. Publiſhed for the Common good in continuation of a former Guide, teaching to read Engliſh rightly, and Write accordingly. By Richard Lloyd.
LONDON, Printed by Thomas Roycroft, for the Author, Anno Dom. 1653.
The Latine Grammar. OR A Guide, teaching a compendious way to attaine exact skill in the Latine Tongue, &c.
Of Grammar.
GRammar is a Series o… rules directing to write and ſpeak congruouſly, whence the true meaning of words may be cert…inly known. And it hath two parts, Etymologie and Syntaxe.
Of Etymologie.
Etymologie doth teach the affectious of words, ſpecially ſuch as concerne the variations of parts of Speech.
Of parts of Speech.
The principall parts of ſpeech are three.
1 Nouns that betoken things.
2 Verbs that betoken a doing or ſuffering of the things.
3 Adverbs that ſignifie ſome circumſtance belonging to the things, or to the doing or ſuffering of them
All regular Nowns and Verbs are variable by proper affections, But Adverbs are invariable ſavi…g b… common accidents.
Of common Accidents.
The common affections equally belonging to all parts of Speech are two, the forme and figure.
Of the Forme.
The forme doth conſiſt in the ſignification of wor…s for which they were ordained.
Of the Figure.
The figure doth conſiſt in the origination of words, diſtinguiſhing them as Primitives and Derivatives.
Of a two fold forme or ſignification of words.
The ſignification of Words is either genuine and literall, according to their originall inſtitution, or Tropologicall and tranſlatitious with Anologie to the literall for words change ſenſe each with other proportionably to the bonds of union, or marks of oppoſition known between them, wherefore in a conſentaneous ſenſe any part will denominate the whole, or the whole any part having eſſentiall union each with other by a Trope called Synecdoche, likewiſe the cauſe will denominate its owne effect, or a ſubject, its own adjunct, and contrariwiſe, having naturall union amongſt themſelves, by a Trope called Metonymia, others having a Relative union (as they reſemble) ſo accordingly they may denominate one another by a Trope called Metaphora. Laſtly; in a di…entaneous ſenſe when the geſture and pronunciation of the ſpeaker, compared with a knowne condition of the thing or party ſpoken of, doe evidence a contrariety between the words and meaning, it is by a Trope called Ironia.
Of the Tropologicall forme or borrowed ſenſe of words.
A Trope doth modifie the ſenſe of words in proportion to their native uſe inſtituted either, 1▪ For ſupply where proper words are wanting, or 2 To civilize proper words which ſeem offenſive, or 3 When the words are decent to beget variety the main object of delight. And it ſhould be regulated with ingenuity, perſpicuity, and moderation, for Jewels are not to cloath the body, but to adorne ſome eminent parts thereof; beſides that the beſt things growing common become contemptible, in fine when the literall ſenſe of words, with good Authors, doth breed abſurdity, the Trope muſt rectifie it. And there is no ſuch Author without Tropes, nor any ſtudent that can attaine their meaning, without previous skill therein as principles.