An Easy Entrance to the Latin Tongue, 1 (grammar) · Book 2 – English-Latin glossary lists
LIB. II. Of the Conſtruction of the eight parts of Speech.
FOr the due joyning of words in a Latine ſpeech, there bee Rules of
1. Concordance. whereby words Agree. Cap. 1.
2. Conſtruction. whereby words Govern one another. Cap. 2.
CAP. 1. Of the Concords.
There bee three Concords.
The firſt between the Nominative caſe and the Verb, I.
The ſecond between the Subſtantive and the Adjective, II.
The third between the Antecedent and the Relative Qui, III.
To which are added the Rules of
the caſe of the Relative, IV·
the Queſtion and Anſwer, V
I. The Rule of the firſt Concord.
A verb Perſonal agreeth with its Nominative caſe in number and perſon:Obſ. & Ex…. as, Praecéptor légit, the maſter readeth, vos neglígitis, yee neglect.
II. The Rule of the ſecond Concord.
Obſ.The Adjective agreeth with its Subſtantive in caſe, gender, and number: as, Amíce certus, A ſure friend, in re incertâ in a doubtful matter.
III. The Rule of the third Concord,
Obſ.The Relative (Qui) agreeth with its Antecedent in gender, number, and perſon: as, Vir ſápit, qui ſcit tacere. The man is wiſe, th… knoweth to keep ſilence.
IV. The Rule of the caſe of the Relative.
Obſ.When there commeth no Nominative caſe between the Relative and the Verb, the Relative ſhall bee the Nominative caſe to the Verb: as, Míſer eſt, qui nummos admirátur. Wretched is hee, that admireth money.
But if there doth com a Nominative caſe between the Relative and the Verb, the Relative ſhall bee governed of the Verb, or ſom other word in the ſame ſentence: as, Felix, quem fáciunt aliéna perícula cáutum. Happy is hee whom others harms do make wary.
V. The Rule of the Queſtion and the Anſwer.
Exc.When a queſtion is asked, the anſwer muſt bee made by the ſame caſe, and tenſ, that the queſtion is asked by: as, Cújus eſt fundus? vicini. Whoſe ground is it? a neighbors. Quid agitis? studémus. What do yee? wee ply.
CAP. 2. Of the Conſtruction of Nouns.
I. The Rule of Nouns Subſtantives.
WHen two Subſtantives com together,Obſ. and belong to diverſ things, the later ſhall bee the Genitive caſe: as, Facúndia Cicerónis. Cicero's eloquence. Amátor ſtudiórum, A lover of ſtudies.
But if they beelong both to one thing, they ſhall bee both of one caſe: as, Páter méus vir ámat me puerum. My father a man loveth mee a childe.
II. The Rules of Adjectives with a Genitive caſe.
Theſe Adjectives govern a Genitive caſe: viz.
1. That ſignifie
1. Deſire: as Cúpidus auri. Greedie of gold.
2. Knowledg: as, Expértus belli. Expert in war.
3. Remembrance: as, Mémor mortis. Mindfull of death.
4. Ignorance: as, Ignátus omnium Ignorant of all things.
5. And ſuch like: as, Réus furti▪ guilty of theft.
2. That are derived of verbs and end in ax: as, Vírtus eſt vitiórum fúgax. Vertue is a driver away of vices.
3. That are Partitives: as, Aliquis veſtrûm. Si… of you.
Obſ.4. That are put partitively, i.e. have of or among after them, whether they bee
1. Interrogatives: as, Qui veſtrûm? Which of you?
2. Numerals: as, Quátu… júdicum. Four judges.
3 Comparatives: as, Aurium mollio. The ſiſter of the ears.
3 Superlatives: as, Digitórum longíſſimus. The longeſt of the fingers▪
III. The Rule of an Adjective with a Dative caſe.
Obſ.Theſe Adjectives govern a Dative caſe: viz.
1. That ſignifie
1. Profit or diſprofit: as, Utilis córpori. Profitable to the bodie.
3. Likeneſs or unlikeneſs: as, Idóneus bello. Fit for war.
3. Pleaſure: as, Jucúndus omnibus. Pleaſant to all.
4. Submitting: as, Parenti ſupplex. Suppliant to his father.
5. Belonging to a thing: as, Mi…i próprium. Proper to mee.
2. That are derived of verbs, and are … the Paſſive ſignification ending in bilis: as▪ Flébilis ómnibus. To bee lamented of all.
IV. The Rule of Adjectives with an Accuſative caſe.
Exc.Adjectives govern an Accuſative caſe (and ſomtimes an Ablative) which ſignifieth the length, breadth, or thickneſs of a thing: as, Túrris álta céntum pédes. A tower an hundred foot high.
Líber cráſſus
tres póllices,
tríbus pollícibus.
A booke three inches thick.
V. The Rule of Adjectives with an Ablative caſe.
Theſe Adjectives govern an Ablative caſe: viz.
1. That are of the Comparative degree, and have then or by after the…: as, Frigídior glácie. Colder then ice. Uno péde altior. Obſ.Higher by one foot.
2.
Dignus, as Dignus honóre. Worthie honor.
Indignus, as Indignus tanto honóre. Unworthie ſo great honor.
Praeditus, as Praeditus virtúte. Endued with vertue.
Cáptus, as Cáptus óculis. Deprived of his eyes.
Conténtus, as Páucis conténtus. Content with a few things.
3. Nouns of diverſitie govern an Ablative caſe with a Prepoſition: as, Aliud ab hoc. Obſ.Another thing from this.
4. Adjectives and verbs,Obſ. that ſignifie plentie or want will have an Ablative, and ſomtimes a Genitive caſe: as, Cópi… abundans. Abounding with plentie. Ditíſſimus ágri. Very rich in g…ound. Cáres virtute. Thou wanteſt vertue.
5. Any Adjective or Verb will have an Ablative caſe:
1. Of the Inſtrument: as, Enſe válidus. Stout at the ſword. Férit gládio. Hee ſtriketh with a ſword.
2. Of the cauſ: as, Pállidus irâ. Pale with anger. Táceo metu. I hold my tongue for fear.
Obſ.3. Of the manner of doing, and of the meaſure: as, Nómine Grammáticus. A Grammarian by name. Senécta vénit tácito péde. O… age cometh with a ſilent foot. Pléno ſe prol… auro. Hee waſh't himſelf in a full cup of gold▪ Longo proximus intervallo. The next at a l…g diſtance.
Obſ.6. Adjectives and Verbs of buying and ſelling will have an Ablative caſe of the price as, Vílis vigínti míuis. Cheap of twentie pound▪ Véndidit aſſe. Hee ſold it for a farthing.
Obſ.7. Adjectives, and verbs Paſſives, and Neuters, that ſignifie ſome propertie or paſſion, will have an Ablative or an Accuſati… caſe ſignifying the part or place wherein the propertie or paſſion is: as,
Aeger
pédes,
pédibus.
Diſeaſed in the feet.
Aegrótat
ánimi,
ánimo.
Hee is troubled in minde.
VI. The Rule of the Ablative caſe abſolute.
A Noun, or Pronoun Subſtantive joyned with a Participle (expreſſed or underſtood, and having no other word whereof … may bee governed) ſhall bee put in the Ablative caſe abſolute: as, Rége veniénte. Ti… King coming. Me dúce. I beeing the leader. (Of thus) When I am leader.
CAP. 3. Of the Conſtruction of Verbs.
I. The Rule of Verbs with a Nominative caſe.
THeſe verbs govern a Nominative caſe: viz.
1. Verbs ſubſtantives: as, Fáma eſt málum. Fame is an evil thing.
2. Certain paſſives of calling: as, Croeſus vocátur díves. Croeſus is called rich.
3. Verbs of geſture: as, Pétrus incédit cláudus. Peter goeth lame.
4. And all verbs with Adjectives: as, Lóquor fréquens. I ſpeak often.
II. The Rule of Verbs with a Genitive caſe.
Theſe verbs govern a Genitive caſe: viz.
1. Sum, Obſ.when it ſignifieth pertaining to a thing: as, Haec véſtis eſt pátris. This garment is my fathers.
2. Verbs that beetoken to eſteem or regard:Obſ. as, Párvi dúcitur próbitas. Honeſtie is reckoned little worth.
3. Verbs of accuſing, condemning,Obſ. warning, or acquitting of the fault: as, Admónuit …e erráti. Hee warned mee of my miſtake.
4. Sátago, to bee buſie about. Miſéreor, Obſ.to have merciemercy, and Miſeréſco, to take pitie: as, Rérum …átum ſátagit. Hee is buſie about his own matters.
5. Reminiſcor, to remember. Obliviſcor, Obſ.to forget, and Memini, to remember: as, Reminíſcor hiſtóriae. I remember the ſtorie. Fáciam, ut mei memíneris. I will make that thou ſhalt remember mee.
IV. The Rule of Verbs with a Dative caſe.
Theſe verbs will have a Dative caſe.
1. All manner of verbs which have commonly theſe ſigns to or for after them: as, Huic hábeo. I have it for him.
And to this Rule belong verbs that betoken,
1. To profit, or diſprofit: as, Bónis nócet, qui mális párcit. Hee hurteth the good, who ſpareth the bad.
Obſ.2. To compare: as, Párvis compónere mágna. To compare great things with ſmall.
3. To give or reſtore: as, Fortúna núlli ſátìs dédit. Fortune hath given enough to none.
4. To promiſe or to pay: as, Hoc tibi promítto. I promiſe you this.
5. To command or to ſhew: as, Pecúnia cúique ímperat. Money command's everyone. Cáve cui dícas. Take heed to whom you ſpeak.
6. To truſt: as, Víde, cui fídas. See, when thou truſteſt.
7. To obey or bee againſt: as, Píus fílius obtémperat pátri. A dutifull ſon obeyeth …is father.
8. To threaten, or to bee angrie with: as, Iráſcor tibi. I am angry at thee.
Obſ.2. Sum with its compaunds: as, Urbi páter eſt, Hee is a father to the citie.
3. Verbs compounded with the Adverbs, Sátis, béne málè, and the Prepoſitions, Prae, ad, con, ſub, ante, poſt, ob, in, and inter: as, Benefécit multis, malefécit nulli. Hee hath don good to many, hee hath don harm to none.
IV. The Rule of Verbs with an Accuſative caſe.
Verbs tranſitives are all ſuch as have after them an Accuſative caſe of the doer or ſufferer:Obſ. as, Uſus prómptos fácit. Uſe maketh men readie.
V. The Rule of Verbs with an Ablative caſe.
Theſe verbs govern an Ablative caſe: viz.
I. All verbs; ſo that the Ablative caſe bee
1. Of the inſtrument.
2. Of the cauſe.
3. Of the manner, or meaſure of doing.
II. Verbs of buying and ſelling.
III Verbs that ſignifie ſom propertie or paſſion.
IV. Verbs of plentie or want *Of which ſee in the Conſtruction of nouns▪.
V. Some deponents and neuters: as, Fúngor, f…or, útor, &c. as, Fúngere officio. Diſcharge thy dutie. Utere virtúte. Uſe virtue. Véſcor cárne. I eat fl…ſh.
VI. Verbs of compareing or exceeding: as, Praefero hunc multis grádibus, I prefer him by many degrees.
VII. Verbs of receiving, diſtance,Obſ. or taking away, with a Prepoſition, and ſomtimes a Dative: as, Erípuit illum á flammâ. Hee took him from the flame. Erípuit illi vitam. Hee took his life from him.
VIII. The Rule of verbs Paſſives.
Obſ.Verbs Paſſives will have after them an Ablative caſe with a Prepoſition, and ſomtimes a Dative: as,
Honéſta petúntur bónis víris,
Honéſta petúntur à bónis víris,
Honeſt things are deſired of good men.
So will alſo Méreor: as, De me bére méritus eſt. Hee deſerved well from mee.
IX. The Rule of Verbs with diverſ caſes.
The ſame verb may have diverſ caſes in a ſeverall reſpect: as, Dédit mihi veſtem pígno… ▪ te praeſénte, próprià mānu. Hee gave mee his garment for a pawn, thou being preſent, with his own hand.
X. The Rule of the Infinitive Mood.
Verbs of the Infinitive mood are ſet after Verbs or Adjectives: as, Vis fíeri díve… ▪ Wilt thou bee made rich? Pátiens vocári. Endring to be called.
CAP. 4. Of the Conſtruction of Gerunds and Supines.
I. The Rule of both Gerunds and Supines.
GErunds and Supines will have ſ… caſe as the verbs that they com of: as▪ Uténdum eſt aetáte. Wee muſt uſe age. Audîtum conciónem. To hear a Sermon.
II. The Rule of the Gerund in Di.
The Gerund in di may bee uſed after certain Subſtantives and Adjectives governing a Genitive caſe: as, Amor habéndi. Obſ.The love of having. Non eſt narrandi lócus. There is no place of telling.
III. The Rule of the Gerund in Do.
The Gerund in do is uſed with one of theſe Prepoſitions, a, ab, abs, de, e, ex, cum, in, pro: and after a Verb: as, Cogitat de edendo. Mee thinketh of eating. Docéndo díſcimus. Wee learn by teaching.
IV. The Rule of the Gerund in Dum.
The Gerund in Dum is uſed after one of theſe Prepoſitions, inter, ante, ad, ob, propter: as, Chríſtus vénit própter rediméndum. Chriſt came to redeem us.
V. The Rule of the firſt Supine.
The firſt Supine is put after Verbs and Participles that betoken moving to a place: as, Spectátum véniunt. They com to ſee.
VI. The Rule of the later Supine.
The later Supine is put after nouns Adjectives: as, Fácile fáctu. Eaſie to bee don.
CAP. 5. Of the Conſtruction of Time, Space, and Place.
I. The Rule of Time.
NOuns that betoken part of time bee commonly put in the Ablative caſe; but nouns which betoken continued time but commonly put in the Accuſative caſe…: as, Nócte vígilas. Thou wakest by night. Hyem… tótam ſtértis. Thou ſnorteſt all winter.
II. The Rule of Space.
Nouns that ſhew Space between place and place bee commonly put in the Accuſative caſe: as, Pédem hinc nè diſcédas. Depart not a …o… hence.
III. The Rule of Place.
Obſ.1. Common, and proper names of great places: (as, of Countries, Shires, buildings, &c.) that ſignifie in, to, from, or by a place, b… uſed with a Prepoſition: as, Vívo in Anglii I live in England. Proficíſcor ex urbe. I go … of the citie.
Obſ.2. Proper names of Cities of the firſt or ſecond Declenſion and ſingular number, that ſignifie in or …t a place bee put in the Genitive caſe; but if they bee of the third Declenſion or plural number onelyonly, they be put in the Adlative caſe: as, Stúduit Oxoniae. Hee ſtudies at Oxford. Athenis natus eſt. Hee was borne Athens.
3. Proper names of Cities that ſignifie to a place, bee put in the Accuſative caſe; and they that ſignifie from a place bee put in the Ablative: as, Eo Cantabrigiam. I go to Cambridg. Pater rediit Londino. My father is returned from London.
Domus and rus follow the Rules of Cities: as, Dómi fúit. Hee hath been at home. Dómum eo. I go home. Dómo redeo. I return from home.
CAP. 6. Of the Conſtruction of Imperſonals, and Participles.
I. The Rule of Imperſonals.
Certain Imperſonals govern
1. A Genitive caſe: viz. Intereſt, reſert, and eſt for intereſt: as, Intereſt ómnium rectè ágere. It concerneth all to do well. Refert múltum Reipúblicae. It much concerneth the Common-wealth.
2. A Dative caſe: viz. Líbet, lícet, pátet, &c. as, Peccáre némini lícet. It is lawful for none to ſin.
3. An Accuſative caſe only: viz. Júvat, décet, opórter, deléctat: as, Opórtet me dícere. It behoveth mee to ſay.
4. An Accuſative with a Genitive: viz. Poenitet, taedet, míſeret, púdet, píget: as, Poenitet illum peccáti. It repent's him of his ſin.
5. An Accuſative with the Prepoſition ad: viz. Attinet, pertinet, ſpectat: as, Spectat ad omnes bene vívere. I belong's to all to live well.
II. The Rule of Participles.
Participles govern ſuch caſes as the verbs that they com of: as, Fruitúrus ámicis. About to enjoy his friends.
CAP. 7. Of the Conſtruction of words undeclined.
I. The Rule of Adverbs.
1. EN and ecce ſhewing, will have Nominative caſe with a Dative: as, En Príamus. Behold Priam. Ecce tibi ſtátus noſter. But an Accuſative in diſgrace: as, En mentem. L… his diſpoſition.
Obſ.2. Adverbs of place, time and quantitie, will have a Genitive caſe: as, Tunc temporis. At that time.
Obſ.3. Adverbs derived of Adjectives and Prepoſitions govern their caſes: as, Cánit ſimíliter huic. Hee ſing's like this man. Própiùs urbem. Nearer the citie.
II. The Rule of Conjunctions.
Obſ.Conjunctions Copulatives, and Diſjunctives, with theſe four, quàm, niſi, praeterquam, an, do commonly couple like caſes, and like moods and tenſes: as, Petrus & Joánnes precabántur & docebant. Peter and John did pray and teach.
III. The Rule of Prepoſitions.
1. One and thirtie Prepoſitions ſerv to the Accuſative caſe: viz. Ad to. Apud at. Ante before. Adversùs, Adversùm againſt. Cis, citra on this ſide. Circa, circiter, circùm about. Contra againſt. Erga towards. Extra without. Inter between. Intra within. Infra below. Juxta beſide. Ob for. Penès in the power. Per by. Ponè behinde. Poſt after. Praeter beſides. Propter for. Prope nigh to. Secundùm according to. Secus by. Supra above. Trans on the further ſide. Verſus towards. Ultra beyond.
2. Twelv Prepoſitions ſerv to an Ablative caſe: viz. A, ab, abs of or from. Abſque without. Coram before. Cum with. De of or concerning ▪ E, ex, out of. Prae before. Sinè without. Pro for.
3. Five Prepoſitions ſerv to an Accuſative caſe, or an Ablative: viz. Clam privily. In in or into. Sub under. Subter under. Supra upon. To which add tenus up to, which will have a Genitive or an Ablative caſe: as, Cápulo ténus. Up to the bilt. Génuum ténus. Up to the knees.
4. Theſe Prepoſitions are alwayes ſet in Compoſition: viz.
Am about. as Ambio to go about.
Di from as Dívido to divide.
Dis from as Dis júngo to disjoyn.
Re back. as Rédeo to go back.
Se aſunder. as Sepóno to put aſunder.
Con together, as Compóno to put together.
5. A Prepoſition is ſomtimes wanting, and ſomtimes abounding: as, Lóco parentis. In ſtead of a father. Abſtine à vino. Abſta… from wine.
6. A Prepoſition in compoſition govern's the caſe which it governed in appoſition: as, Praetereo te. I paſs by thee.
IV. The Rule of Interjections.
Among the Interjections ſom govern caſes: viz.
O, a Nominative, an Accuſative, and … Vocative: as, O feſtus dies O m…rrie day.
Pro, proh, ah, and vah, an Accuſative or a Vocative: as, Proh fídem. Oh the faith.
Hei and vae a Dative: as, Vae tíbi. … to thee.
Hem and apage an Accuſative: as, Hem aſtútias. Fie upon crafts. Apage cánem. A… dog.
Heu a Nominative, a Dative, and an Accuſative: as, Heu me míſerum. Ay mee … man.
V. The Rule of words wanting.
Many words are not expreſſed but underſtood in a Latine ſpeech: as, Prope Sanctae Mariae. Neer Saint Maries Church. Caenas, ubi ego. Thou ſuppeſt where I ſup.
CAP. 8. Of the Rules to know the Genders of Nouns.
I. The Rules of Proper names.
1. PRoper names which are given to males are Maſculines: as,
1. Of Gods: as, Mars, tis.
2. Of Men: as, Cáto, tónis.
3. Of Rivers: as, Tíbris, bris.
4. Of Moneths: as, October, bris,
5. Of …indes: as, Lybs, bis.
2. Proper names which are given to females are of the Feminine gender: as,
1. Of Goddeſſes: as, Júno, nónis.
2. Of women: as, Anna, nae.
3. Of Countries: as, Graecia, ae.
4. Of Cities: as, Elis, lidis.
II. The general Rules of Common names.
1. Common names of Trees bee feminines: as, Cédrus, dri, A cedar.
2. The names of Birds, beaſts and Fiſh, bee of the Epicene gender. as
Paſſer, ĕ…is
A ſparrow.
Vulpes, pis
A fox.
Cetus, ti.
A whale.
3. Nouns
that end in um, as Ovum, an egg. are of the neuter gender.
that change not their ending, as Nihil, nothing. are of the neuter gender.
III. The ſpecial Rules of Common names.
1. A noun that increaſeth not in the Genitive caſe ſingular, is for the moſt part of the Feminine gender: as, Cápra, cáprae. A ſh… goat.
2. A noun that encreaſeth long is for the moſt part of the feminine gender: as, Píeta…, pietátis. Godlineſs.
3. A noun that increaſeth ſhort is for the moſt part of the Maſculine gender: as, Sánguis, ſánguinis. blood.
A noun increaſeth long when the laſt ſyllable ſave one in the Genitive caſe ſingular ſound's long▪
A noun increaſeth ſhort when the laſt ſyllable ſave one in the Genitive caſe ſingular ſound's ſhort.
IV. The Rules of Adjectives.
1. An Adjective of one ending is of the common of three: as, Hic, haec, & hoc Feli…, happie.
2. An Adjective of two endings is in the firſt of the Common of two genders, and in the ſecond of the Neuter: as, hic & h… Omnis, & hoc omne. All.
3. An Adjective of three endings is in the firſt of the Maſculine gender, in the ſecond of the Feminine, in the third of the Neuter: as, Sacer, ſacra, ſacrum. Holie.
CAP. 9. Of the Rules to know the Preterperfect tenſ and Supines of Verbs.
I. The Rules of the Preterperfect tenſes of Verbs.
1. IN the firſt Conjugation as in the Preſent tenſ makes avi in the Preterperfect-tenſ:Exc. 14. as, No, nas, návi. To ſwim.
2. Exc.In the ſecond Conjugation es in the Preſent tenſ makes iii in the Preterperfect tenſ: as, Nígreo, nígres, nígrui. To bee black.
3. In the third Conjugation,
Bo in the Preſent tenſ is turned into Bi in the Preterperfect: as, Lámbo, lámbi. To lick.Exc.
Co in the Preſent tenſ is turned into Ci in the Preterperfect: as, Vínco, ví…i. To overcom.
Do in the Preſent tenſ is turned into Di in the Preterperfect: as, Mándo, mándi. To eat.
Go in the Preſent tenſ is turned into Xi in the Preterperfect: as, Júngo, júnxi. To joyn.
Ho in the Preſent tenſ is turned into Xi in the Preterperfect: as, Tráho, tráxi. To draw.
Lo in the Preſent tenſ is turned into Ui in the Preterperfect: as, Cólo, cólui. To worſhip.
Mo in the Preſent tenſ is turned into Ui in the Preterperfect: as, Vómo, vómui. To vomit.
No in the Preſent tenſ is turned into Vi in the Preterperfect: as, Síno, ſívi. To ſuffer.
Po in the Preſent tenſ is turned into Pſi in the Preterperfect: as, Scálpo, ſcálpſi. To ſcratch.
Quo in the Preſent tenſ is turned into Qui in the Preterperfect: as, Línquo, líqui. To leav.
Ro in the Preſent tenſ is turned into Vi in the Preterperfect: as, Séro, ſévi. To ſow.
So in the Preſent tenſ is turned into Sivi in the Preterperfect: as, Arcéſ…o, arceſsívi. To go to call.
Sco in the Preſent tenſ is turned into Vi in the Preterperfect: as, Páſco, pávi. To feed.
To in the Preſent tenſ is turned into Ti in the Preterperfect: as, Vérto, vérti. To turn.
Ecto in the Preſent tenſ is turned into Exi in the Preterperfect: as, Flécto, fléxi. To bend.
Vo in the Preſent tenſ is turned into Vi in the Preterperfect: as, Vólvo, vólvi. To roll over.
Xo in the Preſent tenſ is turned into Ui in the Preterperfect: as, Téxo, téxui. To weav.
Cio in the Preſent tenſ is turned into Ci in the Preterperfect: as, Fácio, féci. To make.
Dio in the Preſent tenſ is turned into Di in the Preterperfect: as, Fódio, fódi. To dig.
Gio is turned into Gi as Fúgio, fúgi. To ſlee.
Pio is turned into Pi as Cápio, cépi. to take.
Rio is turned into Ri as Pário, péperi. To bring forth
Tio is turned into Sſi as Qu…tio, quáſ…i. To ſhake.
Uo is turned into Ui as Strúo, ſtrúxi. To build.
Exc.4· In the fourth Conjugation is in the Preſent tenſ make's ívi in the Preterperfect tenſ: as, Scío, ſcis, ſcívi. To know.
Exc.5. Verbs compounded have the ſame Preterperfect tenſ with the ſimple verbs: as, Dóceo, dóces, dócui. To teach. Edóceo, edóces, edócui. To teach perfectly.
6. Verbs in or make their Preterperfect tenſ of the later Supine by changing u into us, and putting to ſum vel ſui: as, of Lectu to bee read, is made lectus ſum vel ſui, I have been read.
II. The Rules of the Supines of Verbs.
All Supines end in tum, ſum, xum.
1. The Supine is known by the Preterperfect tenſ, for
Bi in the Preterperfect tenſ is turned into tum in the Supine: as, Bíbi, bibitum. To drink.
Ci in the Preterperfect tenſ is turned into ctum in the Supine: as, Víci, víctum. To overcom.
Di in the Preterperfect tenſ is turned into ſum in the Supine: as, Vídi, víſum. To ſee.
Gi in the Preterperfect tenſ is turned into ctum in the Supine: as, Légi, léctum. To read.
Li in the Preterperfect tenſ is turned into ſum in the Supine: as, Sálli, ſálſum. To ſalt.
Mi in the Preterperfect tenſ is turned into tum in the Supine: as, Emi, émptum. To buy.
Ni in the Preterperfect tenſ is turned into tum in the Supine: as, Véni, véntum. to com.
Pi in the Preterperfect tenſ is turned into tum in the Supine: as, Cépi, cáptum. To take.
Qui in the Preterperfect tenſ is turned into tum in the Supine: as, Líqui, lictum. To leav.
Ri in the Preterperfect tenſ is turned into ſum in the Supine: as, Vérri, vérſum. To bruſh.
Si in the Preterperfect tenſ is turned into ſum in the Supine: as, Viſi, víſum. To viſit.
Pſi in the Preterperfect tenſ is turned into ptum in the Supine: as, Scripſi, ſcríptum. To write
Ti in the Preterperfect tenſ is turned into tum in the Supine: as, Stéti, ſtátum. To ſtand.
Vi in the Preterperfect tenſ is turned into tum in the Supine: as, Flávi, ſtátum. To blow.
Ui in the Preterperfect tenſ is turned into itum in the Supine: as, Dó nui, dó nitū. To tame.
Xi in the Preterperfect tenſ turned into tum in the Supine: as, Vínxi, vínctum. To binde.
2. Verbs compounded have the ſame Supine with the ſimple verb: as, Dóctum, To teach. Edóctum, To teach perfectly.
CAP. 10. Of certain Figures in Latine words.
THere bee eſpecially ſix Figures in words.
Próſtheſis, which add's a letter or ſyllable to ye begining of a word: as, Gnátus,
Aphaereſis, which take's away a letter or ſyllable from the beginning: as, Témnit.
Epéntheſis, which put's in a letter or ſyllable in the middle: as, Induperátor.
Syn cope, which take's out a letter or ſyllable from the middle: as, Dîxti.
Paragóge, which put's to a letter or ſyllable to the end: as, Dícier.
Apócope. which take's away a letter or ſyllable from the end: as, Ingeni.
CAP. 11. Directions for making Latine.
WHen you have an Engliſh ſpeech to make into Latine.
1. Read it often over, and obſerv the pauſes in it.
2. Divide it into Sentences according to the ſeveral Periods, or full ſtops.
3. In every ſentence conſider every ſeveral word, whether it bee
1. a Sign, or
2. a part of Speech.
1. A Sign is a word in our Engliſh which is not made into Latine it ſelf, bee ſheweth how the word to which it is joyned ought to bee made in Latine. Or, a Sign is a word which it ſelf ſignifieth nothing, bee ſheweth how another word ſignifieth.
In our Engliſh ſpeech there bee chiefly theſe ſigns.
1. A, an, and the, bee ſigns of a noun Subſtantive.
2. Of after a noun, is a ſign of the Genitive caſe; but after a verb, it's a Prepoſition.
3. To, before a noun is a ſign of the D… tive caſe; but before a verb is a ſign of the Infinitive mood.
4. By and then after the Comparative degree, bee ſigns of the Ablative caſe.
5. Own is a ſign of a Pronoun Poſſeſſive.
6.
More
Moſt
Very
before an Adjective is a ſign
of the Comparative
of the Superlative
degree.
7.
Am, art, is, bee ſigns of the Paſſive voyce.
are, was, waſt, bee ſigns of the Paſſive voyce.
were, bee, been, bee ſigns of the Paſſive voyce.
with a verb, bee ſigns of the Paſſive voyce.
8.
May, can, bee ſigns of the Potential mood.
might, bee ſigns of the Potential mood.
ought, bee ſigns of the Potential mood.
would, bee ſigns of the Potential mood.
ſhould, bee ſigns of the Potential mood.
could. bee ſigns of the Potential mood.
9.
Do, doſt, doth, bee ſigns of the Preſent tenſ.
did, didſt, bee ſigns of the Preterimperfect tenſ.
have, hath, haſt, bee ſigns of the Preterperfect tenſ.
had, hadſt, bee ſigns of the Preterpluperfect tenſ.
ſhall, will and hereafter with a verb bee ſigns of the Future. tenſ.
10.
About, are ſigns of the Participle of the Future in Rus.
like to, are ſigns of the Participle of the Future in Rus.
11.
It, before a verb is a ſign of a verb Imperſonal, or of a Nominative caſe ſet after the verb.
there, before a verb is a ſign of a verb Imperſonal, or of a Nominative caſe ſet after the verb.
II. A part of ſpeech is a word which it ſelf ſignifieth ſomwhat; touching every ſuch word, 1. Conſider whether it bee
A Noun which nameth a thing
by it ſelf, and is Subſtantive,
with another and is Adjective.
A Pronoun which is put in ſtead of a Noun.
A Verb which ſheweth what a thing is, doth, or ſuffereth.
A Participle which endeth like a Noun, and ſignifieth like a Verb.
An Adverb which explaineth other words.
A Conjunct. which coupleth other words.
A Prepoſition. which ſerve's to a caſe.
An Interjection. which ſheweth ſom paſſion.
2. Enquire the Latine for it by looking in the Dictionarie, or otherwiſe, and regarding eſpecially the firſt word, and how others fall from it.
2. The firſt word in a noun is the Nominative caſe ſingular, and in a verb, the Indicative mood, Preſent tenſ, Singular number, and firſt Perſon.
3. Before you ſet down the Latine word, conſider whether it bee declined, or undeclined, and what belong's to it,
I. In reſpect of it ſelf; as, if it bee
1. A Noun
Subſtantive. enquire together with theſe its number, caſe, gender & declenſion.
Adjective enquire together with theſe Its degree of compariſon, & ſubſtantive.
2. A Pronoun. Enquire its number, caſe, gender, declenſion, and perſon; and when you have the Relative Qui who or which, finde out its Antecedent (which is a word going before it, and repeated by it) and ſee whether there bee a Nominative caſe betwixt it and the verb.
3. A Verb. Enquire its Kinde, conjugation, mood, tenſ, number, perſon, and termination, according to a… theſe; and what is the Nominative caſe to it.
4. A Participle. Enquire its
Tenſ according to its
Ending, or
Significative
manner of declining, and ſo whether it bee put
with or
without
a Su… ſtanti…
5. An Adverb. Enquire its Signification, and what word it explain's.
6. A Conjunction. Enquire its Signification, and what words it coupleth.
7. A Prepoſition. Enquire its Signification, and what caſe it ſerveth to.
8. An Interjection. Enquire its Signification, and what paſſion it expreſſeth, and whether it ſerv a caſe or not.
II. In reſpect of the word to which it is to bee joyned, obſerv
1. The concordance of the
Nominative caſe and verb.
Subſtantive and Adjective.
Antecedent and Relative.
which agree in
Number and Perſon.
Caſe, gender, and number.
Gender, number, & perſon.
according to the Rule, Cap. I.
I
II
III
IV
V
And minde the caſe of the Relative, and the Queſtion whereto is the anſwer.
2. The conſtruction of the noun Subſtantive: viz. *
* The Conſtruction of the noun Subſtantive: viz.
1. Whether it bee governed on, or follow after
Noun Adjective with a Subſtantive,
Genitive caſe.
Dative caſe.
Accuſative caſe.
Ablative caſe.
Verb perſonal with
a Nominative caſe.
a Genitive caſe.
a Dative caſe. And then put it in ſuch a caſe as the word whereon it is governed will have after it according to the Rule in
CAP. 2.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
CAP. 3.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
C. 4.I.
C. 5.I.II.III.
C. 6.I.
C. 6.II.
C. 7.I.
C. 7.II.
C. 7.III.
C. 7.IV.
an Accuſative caſe.
An Ablative caſe.
a Gerund, or Supine, Verb in reſpect of its own ſignification, of Time, Space, Place.
Verb Imperſonal.
Participle.
Adverb.
Conjunction.
Prepoſition.
Interjection.
2. Whether it bee not governed, and then put it in the Ablative caſe abſolute, according to the Rule CAP. 2.VI.
4. Set down a word declined, as it ought to bee changed from the firſt word; and the word undeclined without any alteration at all.
5. Compare the Engliſh ſentence and the Latine together, by conſtruing them one out of the other.
6. Prove whether your Latine bee anſwerable to your Engliſh by parſing it over.
To finde the
Nom. caſe make the Verb ask the queſtion who? or what?
Subſtantive make the Adjective ask the queſtion who? or what?
Relative make the Antecedent ask the queſtion who? or what?
and they will anſwer to it.
CAP. 12. Directions for making Latine more elegant, or pure.
1. THat the Conjunction (which in Latine is quòd or ut) may bee put away, and then the Nominative caſe may bee turned into the Accuſative, and the Verb into the Infinitive mood: as, I am glad that thou art in good health.
Gáudeo
quòd tu bene váleas, or,
te béne valére.
2. The Latine of the word thing joyned with an Adjective is often left out, and the Adjective becommeth a Subſtantive of the Neuter gender: as, Fame is an evil thing. Fáma eſt málum.
3. Mine, thine, his, ours, yours, are made in Latine by méus, túus, ſúus, nóſter, when you mean poſſeſſion; but if you mean paſſion, then by méi, túi, ſúi, nóſtri, véſtri: as, Thy picture, i.e. which is, thine. Pictura tua. Thy picture, i.e. of thee. Pictura tui.
4. The verb have is ſomtimes made in Latine by eſt; and then the Nominative caſe is turned into the Dative, and the Accuſative into the Nominative: as, I have a mother. Ego hábeo mátrem, which is rendred better, Eſt míhi máter.
5. The Engliſh of the Infinitive mood Active, or of a Participle of the Preſent tenſ comming after a Subſtantive or Adjective that govern a Genitive caſe, ſhall bee put in the Gerund in Di: as, The cauſ of my writeing. Cáuſſa ſcribéndi. Certain to go, or of going. Cértus eúndi.
6. The Participle of the Preſent tenſ without a Subſtantive, having in, with, from, of, by, or for before him, ſhall bee put in the Gerund in Do with a Prepoſition expreſſed or underſtood: as, I am wearie with walking. Deféſſus ſum ambulándo. Hee thinketh of eating. Cógitat de edéndo.
7. The Engliſh of the Infinitive mood ſhewing the reaſon of▪ the clauſ aforegoing, ſhall bee put in the Gerund in Dum: as, I fear a day will not bee enough to do it. Véreor, ut d…s ſátìs ſit ad agéndum.
8. A verb with muſt or ought before it may bee turned into the Gerund in Dum, with the verb eſt expreſſed or underſtood, and then the Nominative ſhall bee turned into the Dative caſe: as, I must go hence. Abeúndum eſt mihi.
9. If you turn a verb Perſonal into an Imperſonal, you muſt turn alſo the Nominative caſe into ſuch caſe as the Imperſonal will govern: as, I muſt. Me opórtet. Thou mayeſt. Tibi licet.
10. If a verb Active bee changed into a Paſſive, you muſt change alſo the Nominative caſe into the Dative or Ablative with a Prepoſition, and the Accuſative into the Nominative: as, I read Virgil. Ego légo Virgílium, is rendred, Virgil is read of mee.
Virgilius légitur
míhi,
à me.
11. A verb Neuter is ſomtimes changed into a Paſſive of the third perſon with an Ablative caſe, and a Prepoſition expreſſed or underſtood: as, I drink wine. B…bo vinum, is rendred. Wine is drunk by mee. V…num bibitur à me.
CAP. 13. Directions for conſtruing Latine.
WHen you have a Latine ſpeech to conſtrue into Engliſh.
I. Before you conſtrue,
1. Read it often and diſtinctly to a period.
2. Know what it ſpeak's of, or intendeth.
3. Enquire the ſignification of every word by looking out the firſt words in your Dictionarie, and learn what is fitteſt for that preſent place.
4. Obſerv the terminations, eſpecially of Nouns and Verbs, and together with their ſignification their proper ſigns.
5. Minde which words agree, and which will depend one upon another according to the Rules of concordance and conſtruction.
II. When you conſtrue, take
1. The Vocative caſe (if there bee any) and the words that agree with, or depend upon it.
2. The Nominative caſe, and whatſoever agree with, or dep…nd upon it.
3. The Verb, and what depend's upon it: viz. the Infinitive mood, and the caſes in order; firſt the Accuſative, then the Dative, then the Ablative, and whatſoever agree with, or depend upon them.
4. The Adjective (for the moſt part) with the Subſtantive, the Adverb with its Verb, and the Prepoſition with its Caſe.
III. As you conſtrue, remember, that
1. Pronouns are often put for Nouns.
2. In ſpeeches belonging to men, the Nominative caſe, Subſtantive, and Antecedent is often underſtood; as alſo the verb eſt (and ſomtimes other words) which in conſtruing muſt bee ſupplied.
3. There is no ſentence complete without a Verb expreſſed or underſtood.
4. Interrogatives, (viz. nouns which ask a queſtion) Indefinites, Relatives, Interjections with their caſes, Imperſonals, and Conjunctions do oft times begin a ſentence, as alſo
5. An Ablative caſe abſolute which with its Participle reſolved into a verb is conſtrued by, when, whilſt, if, or after that: as, M… dúce. I beeing captain. i.e. when, whilſt, if, or after that, I ſhall bee captain.
6. Eche Accuſative caſe before an Infinitive mood muſt bee conſtrued by, that: as, Júbeo te ab…re. I bid that thou go hence.
7. Words that are linked together in one phraſe are to bee expreſſed according to their elegancie (or propertie of ſpeech) and not the bare words: as, Hábeo tibi grátias. I have thanks for thee, muſt bee rendred, I think thee.
8. If your conſtruing bee good ſenſ, i.e. ſuch as one may underſtand your meaning, and if it bee withall agreeable to your Grammar Rules, you are right; otherwiſe ſtrive to amend it.
CAP. 14. Directions for Parſing Latine.
WHen you have a Latine ſpeech to pa…ſ or examine according to the Rules of Grammar.
1. Read a ſentence diſtinctly over.
2. Caſt the words of it into a Grammatical order, ranking them as you conſtrued them.
3. Finde either the ſame word in your Grammar, or an example anſwering thereunto, eſpecially in Nouns and Verbs.
4. Enquire touching every word by it ſelf, what part of ſpeech it is, and if bee
1. A Noun
Enquire its Kinde.
Enquire its Declenſion.
Enquire its Gender, and the Rule of it.
Enquire its Number, Caſe.
Enquire its And in an Adjective theſe: Its degree of Compariſon, and its Subſtantive.
2. A Pronoun.
Enquire its Declenſion.
Enquire its Number.
Enquire its Caſe, and
Enquire its Perſon.
3. A Verb.
Enquire its Kinde, Conjugation, in wch obſerv the Rule of the Preterperfect tenſ and Supines.
Enquire its Mood, Tenſ, Number, Perſon: and what is its Nominative caſe.
4. A Participle.
Enquire its What verb it com's of.
Enquire its Kinde, Declining, Number, Caſe, Gender, and its Subſtantive.
5. Adverb.
Enquire its Signification, and uſe.
6. Conjunction.
Enquire its To what word it is joyned.
Enquire its What it coupleth.
7. Prepoſition.
Enquire its What caſe it ſerve's to.
8. Interjection.
Enquire its What paſſion it expreſſeth.
5. In reſpect of other, minde its concordance and conſtruction, and the Rules of both.
CAP. 15. Of directions for right writeing.
IN writeing down words or ſentences obſerve diligently,
1. The Letters.
2. The Syllables.
3. The Notes.
I. In Letters obſerv, that
1. According to their ſound, there bee five Vowels, a, e, i, o, u, and y, the Greek one; all the reſt bee conſonants, but u and i bee ſomtimes Vowels: as, u, i. and ſomtimes Conſonants: as, v, j.
2. According to their ſhape ; they are ſomtimes writ with great Characters, ſomtimes with ſmall.
3. Proper names, and words more eminent then others; the begining of a Sentence, and in a Poeme, the begining of every verſ are to bee writ with great characters.
4. When one or few letters are ſet alone to ſignifie a whole word, or a number, they are writ with great characters: as, A. D. M.DC.XL.VIII. Anno Domini, milleſimo, ſexcenteſimo, quadrageſimo octavo. In the year of our Lord, One thouſand, ſix hundred, fortie and eight.
2. In joyning or parting Syllables, obſerv, that,
1. A ſyllable never exceeds ſix letters: as, Scrobs, a ditch.
2. In words of many ſyllables, a Conſonant ſet between two Vowels belong's to the later: as, Do-mi-nus, a Lord. A-mo.
3. If a conſonant bee doubled, the firſt belong's to the fore-going, and the later to the following ſyllable: as, An-nus, a year.
4. Conſonants which may bee joyned in the begining of a word, muſt not bee parted in the middle of it: as, No-ſter, our. Vole-p…as, pleaſure.
5. Conſonants which cannot bee joyned in the begining of a word, muſt bee parted in the middle of it: as, Sul-cus, a furrow.
6. In compound words, every part muſt bee ſet by its ſelf: as, Abſ-con-do, to hide.
3. In Notes obſerv which belong ta
Syllables.
Words.
Sentences.
1. Notes that belong to Syllables, are,
1. Of a long ſyllable, thus marked Dōct…r Bŏnŭs.
2. Of a ſhort ſyllable. thus marked Dōct…r Bŏnŭs.
2. Notes that belong to Words, are,
1. An Accent, ſhewing how a ſyllable is to bee pronounced, and it is
1. Acut… , which pronounceth a ſyllable higher then the reſt: as, Pietátis. Bónus.
2. Grave, which flatteth a ſyllable more then the reſt, and this is ſeldom marked ſave in the end of a word, but is underſtood: as, Arroganti…s.
3. Circumſlect, which uttereth a ſyllable as high as both the other do: as, Amâre.
And theſe are marked to difference one word from another: as, Doctè, docte, óccido, occ…do.
2. Apoſtrophus, which ſheweth a vowel caſt away: as, Ain'.
3. Hyphen, which ſheweth what ſyllables ere to bee joyned: as, Qui-cun-que.
3. Notes that belong to Sentences, are marks of breathing: viz.
1. A Comma, which is a ſhort ſtay, —,
2. A Colon, which is a longer ſtay, —:
3. A Period, which is a full ſtop, —.
4. A Question, is thus marked —?
5. An Admiration, is thus marked —!
6. A Parentheſis, is thus marked —()
CAP. 16. A ſhort view of the common Accidents.
THe common Accidents is a ſhort Introduction (or entrance) of Grammar.
If treateth of the parts of Latine ſpeech, and conſidereth them,
I. Severally, or
II. Ioyntly.
I. Severally, as they are ſingle words, in the Introduction of the eight parts of ſpeech, which begin's at In ſpeech, and end's at For the due joyning.
This firſt part of the Accidence teacheth concerning,
1. A noun,
1. What it is, and how many kindes it hath: at A noun is the name &c.
2. What are its accidents: viz. two Numbers, at In nouns bee &c. ſix Caſes, at Nouns bee declined &c. Seven Genders, at Genders of nouns &c. Five Declenſions, at There bee five Declenſions, &c. ſetting down examples,
Of the firſt, Muſa.
Of the ſecond, Magíſter, and Regnum.
Of the third, Lápis and Párens.
Of the fourth, Mánus.
Of the fifth, Merídies. And for Adjectives, Bonus, Felix, and Triſtis. Three degrees of Compariſon, at Adjectives whoſe ſignification &c.
2. A Pronoun.
1. What it is, and how many there are, and how they are diſtinguiſhed, at A Pronoun &c.
2. What are its accidents: viz. Number, Caſe, and Gender, at There belong to &c. Four Declenſions, at There bee four Declenſion &c. Three Perſons, at A Pronoun hath thou Perſons, &c.
3. A Verb.
1. What it is, what are its ſorts and kindes, at A Verb is a part of Speech &c.
2. What are its accidents: viz. Six Moods, at There bee ſix Moods &c. Three Gerunds, at There bee moreover &c. Two Supines, at There bee alſo &c. Five Tenſes, at There bee five Tenſes &c. Three Perſons, at There bee alſo in Verbs &c. Four Conjugations, at Verbs have &c. The examples being of
The firſt, Amo, and Amor.
The ſecond, Dóceo, and Dóceor.
The third, Légo, and Légor.
The fourth, Aúdio, and Aúdior.
Among which is inſerted Sum, and unto which are added verbs that go out of Rule as, Póſſum, &c.
4. A Participle, what it is, its kindes, and manner of forming and declineing, at A Participle is a part of &c.
5. An Adverb, what it is, and what it ſignifieth, at An Adverb is a part &c.
6. A Coniunction, what it is, and of what uſe, at A Conjunction is a part &c.
7. A Prepoſition, what it is, and what caſe it ſerv's to, at A Prepoſition is a part &c.
8. An Interiection, what it is, and what it expreſſeth: at An Interjection is a part &c.
II. Ioyntly; as they bee ioyned one to another in a ſpeech; In the Conſtruction of the eight parts of Speech, which begin's at For the due joyning, &c. and end's with the book.
This ſecond part of the Accidence containeth Rules,
Of the firſt Concord, at When an Engliſh &c.
Of the ſecond Concord, at When yee have an Adjective &c
Of the third Concord, at When ye have a Relative &c.
Of the cauſ of the Relative, at When there cometh no &c.
Of the conſtruction of Subſtantives, at When two Subſtantives &c.
Of Adiectives with a
Gen. caſe at Adjectives that ſignifie &c.
Dat. caſe at Adjectives that betoken &c.
Acc. caſe at The meaſure of length &c.
Abl. caſe at Adjectives ſignifying &c.
Of the Pronoun, at Theſe Genitive caſes▪ Mei, tui, ſui &c.
Of the Verb with a
Nom. caſe at Sum, forem, fio &c.
Gen. caſe at This verb Sum &c.
Dat. caſe at All manner of verbs &c
Acc. caſe at Verbs Tranſitives &c.
Abl. caſe at All verbs require &c.
Of verbs Paſſives, at A verb Paſſive &c.
Of Gerunds and Supines, at Gerunds and Supines wil… have ſuch caſes as &c.
Of nouns of
Time, at Nouns that betoken part of time &c.
Space, at Nouns that betoken ſpace between &c.
Place, at Nouns Appellatives &c.
Of verbs Imperſonals, at A verb Imperſonal, &c.
Of Participles, at Participles govern &c.
Of Adverbs, at Adverbs of quality &c.
Of Conjunctions, at Conjunctions Copulalative &c.
Of Prepoſitions, at Somtimes this Prepoſition In &c.
Of Interiections, at Certain Interjections &c.
CAP. 17. A ſhort view of the common Grammar.
THe common Grammar is a ſhort Inſtruction, or mean to know the art of Grammar.
It ſheweth what Grammar is, and what bee the parts of Grammar: viz.
I. Orthographie, which treateth of Letters, at Ex viginti duabus &c.
Of Syllables, at Rectè ſcripturo &c.
Of right utterance, at Orthographiae affinis &c.
Of pauſes, at Neque exigua Orthographiae pars &c.
II. Etymologie, which treateth of the eight parts of Latine ſpeech, and what belong to them: viz.
1. A Noun▪ at Nomen eſt pars orationis &c. To which belong
Species, at Species nominum &c.
Figure, at Figura aut eſt ſimplex &c.
Number, at Numeri ſunt duo &c.
Caſe, at Caſus nominum &c.
Gender, at Genus eſt ſexûs diſcretio &c.
Declenſion, at Declinatio eſt variatio &c.
Compariſon, at Comparantur nomina &c.
2. A Pronoun, at Pronomen eſt pars &c. To which belong
Species, at Species Pronominum &c.
Number, at Numerus pronominum &c.
Caſe, at Caſus autem ſunt ſex &c.
Gender, at Genera ſunt in Pronominibus &c.
Declenſion, at Declinationes Pronominum &c.
Perſon, at Perſonae Pronominum ſunt tres &c.
Figure, at Figura eſt duplex &c.
3. A Verb, at Verbum eſt pars orationis &c. To which belong,
Five Kindes, at Quinque ſunt verborum genera, &c.
Six Moods, at Modi verborum ſex &c.
Five Tenſes, at Tempora ſunt quinque &c.
Figure, at Figura eſt duplex &c.
Species, at Species eſt duplex &c.
Three Perſons, at Tres ſunt vetbi perſonae &c.
Two Numbers, at Numeri ſunt duo &c.
Four Conjugations, at Quando quidem … Conjugandorum verborum ratione &c. To which are added ſomwhat concerning vntounto Defective, at Sed nunc &c.
Imperſonals, at Et de perſonalibus &c.
Gerunds, at Gerundia porrò &c.
Supines, at Supina quoque meritò &c.
4. A Participle, at Participium eſt pars &c. To which belong,
Caſe, at De genere autem &c.
Gender, at De genere autem &c.
Declenſion, at De genere autem &c.
Tenſ, at Tempora Participiorum &c.
Signification, at Activè ſignificant &c.
Number, at Eſt & numerus &c.
Figure, at Figura eſt duplex &c.
5. An Adverb, at Adverbium eſt pars &c. To which belong,
Signification, at Significationis varietas &c.
Compariſon at Adverbia à nominibus nata &c.
Species, at Species eſt duplex &c.
Figure, at Figura eſt duplex &c.
6. A Conjunction, at Conjunctio eſt pars orationis &c.
To which belong,
Figure at Figura eſt duplex &c.
Signification, at Poteſtas, i.e. ſignificatio &c.
Order, at Ordo Conjunctionum &c.
7. A Prepoſition, at Praepoſitio eſt pars orationis &c. To which belong
Government of Caſe, at Praepoſitioni accidit &c.
8. An Interjection, at Interjectio eſt pars orationis &c. To which belongeth
Signification, at Tot autem ſunt &c.
III. Syntax, which teacheth Rules,
Of the firſt concord, at Verbum perſonale &c.
Of the ſecond concord, at Adjectivum cum Subſtantivo &c.
Of the third concord, at Relativum cum Antecedente &c.
Of the conſtruction of Subſtantives, at Quum duo ſub…tant…va &c.
Of Ad…ctives with a Genitive caſe, at Adjectiva quae deſid…rium &c.
Of Ad…ctives with a Dative caſe, at Adjectiva quibus commodum &c.
Of Ad…ctives with a Accuſative caſe, at Magn…túdinis menſura &c.
Of Ad…ctives with a Ablative caſe, at Adjectiva quae ad copium &c.
Of the Pronoun, at Mei, tui, ſui &c.
Of the verb with a
Nominative caſe, at Verba ſubſtantiva &c.
Genitive caſe, at Sum genitivum &c.
Dative caſe, at Omnia verba &c.
Accuſative caſe, at Verba tranſiti… &c.
Ablative caſe, at Quodvis verb… &c.
Of verbs Paſſives, at Paſſivis ad… tur &c.
Of Gerunds and Supines, at Gerunda ſive &c.
Of Nouns of
Time, at, Quae ſignificant, &c.
Space, at Spatium loci &c.
Place, at Nomina appellativa &c.
Of verbs Imperſonals, at Haec tria Imperſonalia, &c.
Of Participles, at Participia regunt &c
Of Adverbs, at En & ecce &c.
Of Conjunctions, at Conjunctiones copulativae &c.
Of Prepoſitions, at Praepoſitio ſubindita &c.
Of Interjections, at Interjectiones … rarò &c.
Here unto are annexed,
Six Figures of words: viz.
Próſtheſis.
Aphaereſis.
Epéntheſis.
Syncope.
Paragóge.
Apócope.
And
Eight Figures of conſtruction: viz.
Apposítio.
Evocátio.
Syllépſis.
Prolépſis.
Zéugma.
Syntheſis.
Antiptôſis.
Synéchdoche.
IV. Proſodie, which teacheth the right pronouncing of words, according to their,
Tone, at Tonus eſt lex, &c.
Spirit, at Spiritus duo ſunt, &c.
Time, at Hactenus de tonis, &c.
And becauſ meeter conſiſteth in the due obſervation of the time of ſyllables, the Grammar take's occaſion to treat of verſifying, at Hactenus de tonis, &c.
Inſiſting upon Feet, at, Eſt autem Pes, &c.
Sundry ſort of verſes, at, Carminum genera &c.
The quantitie of ſyllables in a word, bee they
the firſt, at Primárum ſyllabátum &c.
the middle, at Mediae ſyllabae &c.
or the laſt. at Quanquam ultimae &c.
CAP. 18. A ſhort view of Propria quae maribus.
PRomia qu… maribus containeth Rules for the genders of Nouns
Subſtantives, whoſe rules are
General, Vid. a.
Special. Vid. b.
Adiectives, Vid. c.
a General
Of proper names
Maſculines, at Propria quae maribus &c.
Feminines, at Propria Foemneum &c.
Of Common names
Of Trees, at Appellativa a…b… borum &c,
Of Birds, Beaſts, and Fiſh, … Sunt etiam &c.
That end in Um, at Omne quod exit &c.
That change not the ending, … Sic invariabile &c.
b Special, of nouns that do not increaſe, which are Feminines, at Nomen non creſcens &c. except ſom
Maſculines, at Maſcula nomina in a &c.
Neuters, at Neutrum nom… in e &c.
Doubtfuls, at In erti generis ſunt &c.
Commons, at Compoſitur à verbo dans a &c.
Special of nouns
that do increaſ long, which are Feminines, at Nomen creſcentis—Syllaba acuta &c. except ſom
Maſculines, at Maſcula dicuntur &c.
Neuters, at Sunt … alia &c.
Doubt…uls, at Sunt dubia haec, &c.
Commons, at Sunt commune &c.
that increaſ ſhort, wch are Maſculines, at, Nomen creſcentis— Sit gravis &c. except ſom
Feminines, at Foeminei generis ſunt &c.
Neuters, at Eſt neutra legenus &c.
Doubtfull, at Sunt dubii generis &c.
Commons, at Commanis generis ſunt iſla &c.
Adiectives declined with
one ending at Adjectiva unum duntaxa…, &c.
two endings at Sub geminâ ſi voce &c.
three endings at At ſi tres va…a… voces, &c,
two Articles, at At ſunt quae ſle… &c.
three endings, at Haec proprium qu… … dam &c.
three Articles and at Haec proprium qu… … dam &c.
CAP. 19. A ſhort view of Quae genus.
QUae genus treateth of nouns Heteroclites: i.e. which differ from the common manner of declineing, and of theſe ſom
Alter a.
Want b.
Have too much c.
a Alter Gender and Declenſion, and bee
Feminines ſing, and Neuters plur, at Haec genus &c.
Neuters ſing. and
Maſculines and Neuters plur. at Dat prior &c.
Maſculines onelyonly plur. at Sed audi &c.
Feminines plur. at Nundinum & hinc epulum &c.
Maſculines ſing. and Neuters plur. at Haec maribus &c.
Maſculines ſing. and Maſculines and Neuters plur. at Numerus genus his dabit &c.
b Want
Caſe, thoſe that
change not the ending, at Quae nullum variant &c.
have onelyonly
one caſe, at Eſtque Monoptoton cui &c.
two caſes, at Sunt Diptôta quibus &c.
three caſes, at Tres quibus inflectis &c.
want the
Dative, at Integra vox vis eſt, &c.
Vocative, at Quae referunt, ut qui &c.
Number,
Plural, as
Proper names and their like, at Propria cuncta notes &c.
Common names,
Maſculines, at Heſperus & veſper &c.
Feminines, at Singula foeminei &c.
Neuters, at Nec licet his &c.
Singular
Maſculines, at Maſcula ſunt tantùm &c.
Feminines, at Haec ſunt foeminei generis &c.
Neuters, at Rariùs haec primo &c.
c Have too much, and bee
Subſtantives that
have ſeveral wayes of declineing, at Haec quaſi luxuriant &c.
out of their Accuſative make another Nominative caſe, at Sed tibi praeterea &c.
have two Nominative caſes, at Vertitur his &c.
are of two Declenſions, at Haec ſimul &c.
Adjectives that are both of three terminations & three Articles, at Et quae luxuriant &c.
CAP. 20. A ſhort view of As in praeſenti.
AS in p…aeſent containeth Rules whereby to finde out
the Preterperfect-tenſ
The Suppines. e
of verbs
in O
Regular
Simple. •
Compound▪
Irregular. •
in Or, at Verba in Or.
… Simple
Of the firſt Coniugation at As in praeſenti &c.
Of the ſecond Coniugation at Es in praeſenti &c.
Of the third Coniugation at Tertia praeteritum &c.
Of the fourth Coniugation at Quarta dat is ivi &c.
… Compound, at, Praeteritum dat idem &c.
Where are more particularly to bee obſerved ſuch as,
1. Double a ſyllable, at, Sed ſyllaba ſemper &c.
2. B…e compounded of
Plico, a… A plico compoſita &c.
Oleo, a… Quamr… vu…t ole, &c.
Pungo, a… Comp…ſita à pungo &c.
Do▪ a… Nat…m … Do &c.
Sto, a… Na… à Sto &c.
3. Change their firſt vowel in…o …e, a… Verba haec …ciplicia &c.
4. Change of their fi…t vowel into i in
…l t…nſes▪ at Haec habeo, l…eo, &c.
Th… P…eſent tenſ and not in the Preter tenſ. Haec ſi compoun… &c.
c Supines
d Simple, at Nunc ex praeterito diſeas &c.
e Compound, at Compoſitum ut ſimplex &c.
… Irregular which
have two Preterperfect tenſes, at Praeteritum Activae &c
are Neuter-paſſives, at Neutro-paſſivum ſic &c.
borrow their Preterperfect tenſes, at Quaedam praeteritum &c.
want their Preterperfect tenſes, at, Praeteritum fugiunt &c.
Seldom have Supines, at Haec rarò aut nunquam &c.
A Synopſis, or a ſhort view of the Grounds of GRAMMAR.
The Grounds of Grammar tre…t of Latine words,
I. As they are ſingle words in a ſpeech, LIB. 1. which teacheth what ſorts of words they are, and what things belong to them.
The parts of ſpeech bee
1. A Noun which is
Subſtantive▪ or Adjective
And Proper, or Common.
2. Pronoun. to which belong
2 Numbers,
Singular, &
Plural.
6. Caſes,
Nom. Gen.
Dat. Acc.
Voc. Abl.
7. Genders,
Maſc. Fem.
Neuter.
Com.
2.
3.
Do…b. Epic.
5. Declenſions whoſe Gen. ſing. end in
ae.
i.
is.
ûs.
e….
3 Degrees of Compariſon
Poſitive.
Comparative.
Superlative.
Numbers, of which in a Noun
Caſes, of which in a Noun
4 Declēſions of their own.
3 Perſons of their own.
5 Kinds Active, Paſſive, Neuter, Deponent, and Commune.
4 Moods
Indicative.
Imperative.
Potential.
Infinitive.
5 Tenſes
Preſent.
Imperfect.
Preterperf.
Preterplup
Future.
4 Con…ng.
1 hath a long before ie and …is.
2 hath e long before ie and …is.
3 hath e ſhort before ie and …is.
4 hath i long before ie and …is.
4 Kindes
Preſent in ans, ens.
Preterperfect in tus, ſus, xus.
Future in rus, dus.
Signification.
3. A Verb, which is
Perſonal.
or Imperſonal.
4. A Participle.
5. An Adverb.
6. A Conjunction.
7. A Prepoſition.
8. An Interjection.
II. As they are many words joyned together in a ſpeech, … ▪ which teacheth the due ioyning of words together according to certain Rules.
The Rules for joyning words are
1. Of Concord: viz.
2. Of Conſtruction
Of the firſt, Cap. 1.
Of the ſecond, Cap. 1.
Of the third, Cap. 1.
To which are added that
of the caſe of the Relative. Cap. 1.
of the Queſtion and Anſwer. Cap. 1.
Of Nouns Adjectives with Subſtantives. Cap. 2.
a Genitive. Cap. 2.
a Dative. Cap. 2.
an Acculative. Cap. 2.
an Ablative, where is alſo the Ablative abſolute. Cap. 2.
of Verbs with
a Nominative. Cap. 3.
a Genitive. Cap. 3.
a Dative. Cap. 3.
an Accuſative. Cap. 3.
an Ablative. Cap. 3.
diverſ caſes. Cap. 3.
Of Gerunds and Supines, Cap. 4.
Of Time, Space, and Place▪ Cap. 5.
Of Imperſonals and Participles, Cap. 6.
Of words undeclined, Cap. 7.
Hereunto are annexed,
Rules to know the genders of Nouns. Ca. 8.
Rules to know the Preterperfect tenſ and Supines of Verbs, C… ▪ 9
Certain Figures in Latine words, Cap. 10.
Directions for
makeing Latine Cap. 11, 12
Conſtruing Latine Cap. 13.
Parſing Latine Cap. 14.
Writeing Latine Cap. 15.
A ſhort view of
the common
Accidents, Cap. 16.
Grammar, Cap. 17.
Prop…i… quae maribus, Cap. 18
Quae genus, Cap. 19.
As in praeſenti, Cap. 20.
An Index of the Heads of the Grounds of GRAMMAR.
LIB. I. Of the eight ſorts of words.
CAP. I. Of a Noun. Pag. 2
II. Of a Pronoun. p. 10
III. Of a Verb. p. 14
IV. Of a …articiple. p. 70
V. Of an Adve…b. p. 71
VI. Of a Conjunction. p. 72
VII. Of a Prepoſition. p. 73
VIII. Of an Interjection. p. 74
LIB. II. Of the Conſtruction of the eight parts of Speech.
1. Of the Concords. pag. 75
2. Of the Conſtruction of Nouns. p. 77
3. Of the Conſtruction of Verbs. p. 81
4 Of the Conſtruction of Gerunds and Supines. p 84
5. Of the Conſtruction of Time, Space, and Place. p. 86
6. Of the Conſtruction of Imperſonals and Participles. p. 87
7. Of the Conſtruction of words unde…lined p. 88
8. Of the R…les to know the Genders of Nouns. p. 91
9. Of the Rules to know the Preterperfect tenſes and the Supines of Verbs. p. 93
10. Of certain Figures in Latine words. p. 95
11. Directions for making Latine. p. 95
12. Directions for making Latine more pure. p. 101.
13. Directions for Conſtruing Latine. p. 103
13. Directions for …a…ſing Latine. p 105
15. Directions for … writ…ing. p. 107
The Examination of the Grounds of Grammar, by ſhort Queſtions and Anſwers.
Q. WHat bee the Grounds of Grammar?
A. The moſt neceſſarie things contained in the Common Acci…s and Grammar.
Q. What do they treat of?
A. O… Latine words, and the things that belong to them.
Q. How do they treat of Latine words?
A. As they are ſingle words in a Speech, LIB. I. O…, …. As they are many words joyned together in a Speech. LIB. II.
LIB. I. Of the eight ſort of Latine words.
Q. IN the Latine tongue how many ſorts of words bee there?
A. Eight.
Q. How bee theſe eight ſorts of word called?
A. Parts of ſpeech.
Q. Why ſo?
A. Becauſ of them every ſpeech is made.
Q. Which bee the eight parts of Speech.
A. A Noun, a Pronoun, a Verb, a Participle, a… Adverb, a Conjunction, a Prepoſition, an Interjection.
Q▪ Which parts of Speech bee declined?
A. The four firſt: viz. Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Participle.
Q. Which parts of Speech bee undeclined?
A. The four laſt: viz. Adverb, Conjuctive, Prepoſition, Interjection.
Q. When is a word declined?
A. When its ending is changed.
Q. When is a word undeclined?
A. When its ending is not changed.
I. Of a Noun.
Q. WHat is a Noun?
A. A Noun is a word by which a thing is called.
Q. How many kindes of Nouns bee there?
A. Two.
Q. Which bee they?
A. Subſtantive and Adjective.
Q. What is a noun Subſtantive?
A. A noun, which may ſignifie in a ſpeech by it ſelf.
Q. What is a noun Adjective?
A. A noun, which cannot ſignifie in a ſpeech without a Subſtantive.
Qu. How many kindes are there of both Subſtantives and Adjectives?
A. Two.
Q Which bee they?
A. Proper and Common.
Q. What is a noun Proper?
A. That which belong's to one thing onelyonly.
Q. What is a noun (Appellative, or) Common?
A. That which belong's to many things.
Q. How many things belong to a Noun?
A. Five.
Q. Which bee they?
A. Number, Caſe, Gender, Declenſion, and Compariſon.
Q How many numbers are there?
A. Two.
Q. Which bee they?
A. The ſingular and plural.
Q. How know you the ſingular number?
A. It ſpeaketh but of one.
Q. How know you the plural number?
A. It ſpeaketh of more then one.
Q. How many Caſes are there?
A. Six.
Q. How know you the Nominative caſe?
A. It anſwereth to the queſtion who? or, what?
Q. How know you the Genitive caſe?
A. It anſwereth to the queſtion whoſe? or, …hereof?
Q. How know you the Dative caſe?
A. It anſwereth to the queſtion to whom? or … what?
Q. How know you the Accuſative caſe?
A. It anſwereth to the queſtion whom? or what?
Q, How know you the Vocative caſe?
A. It calleth, or ſpeaketh to one.
Q. How know you the Ablative caſe?
A. It anſwereth to the queſtion from what?
Q. How many Genders are there?
A. Seven.
Q. Which bee they?
A. The Maſculine, the Feminine, the Ne…, the Common of two, the Common of three, the Doubtful, and the Epicene.
Q. How know you the Maſculine gender▪
A. By the Article Hic.
Q How know you the Feminine gender?
A. By the Article Haec.
Q. How know you the Neuter gender?
A, By the Article Hoc.
Q. How know you the Common of two genders?
A. By the Articles hic and haec.
Q. How know you the Common of three gender?
A. By the Articles, hic, haec, and hoc.
Q. How know you the Doubtful gender?
A. By the Articles Hic or haec.
Q. How know you the Epicene gender?
A. It ſignifieth both ſexes under one Article
Q What are Articles?
A. Notes of Genders.
Q. How can you tell of what Gender … Noun ought to bee?
A. By the Rules to know the Genders o… Nouns, which are ſet down in Propria quae ruribus, CAP. 8.
Q. How many Declenſions are there?
A. Five.
Q. How can you tell of what Declenſion a noun is?
A. By the ending of the Genitive caſe ſingular.
Q. How ends the Genitive caſe ſingular of the five Declenſions?
A. In
| 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. |
| ae. | i. | is. | ûs▪ | c…. |
Q. How are nouns Subſtantives decl…ned?
A Thoſe …f the
Firſt Declenſion like Muſa.
Second Declenſion like Magíſter, Dóminus, Regnum.
Third Declenſion like Lápis, or Cáput.
fourth Declenſion like Mánus, or Córnu.
Fifth Declenſion like Fácies.
Q. How are nouns Adjectives declined?
A. Thoſe of
three terminations like Bonus,
two terminations like T…iſtis.
one termination like Felix.
the Comparative degree like Dúrior.
Q. What nouns have Compariſon?
A. Adjectives.
Q How many degrees of Compariſon are …re?
A. Three.
Q. Which bee they?
A. The Poſitive, the Comparative, and the Su…lative.
Q. How know you the Poſitive degree?
A. It ſignifieth without exceſs.
Q. How know you the Comparative de…ree?
A. It ſignifieth more then the Poſitive.
Q. How know you the Superlative?
A. It ſignifieth the moſt of all.
II. Of a Pronoun.
Q WHat is a Pronoun?
A. A Pronoun is a word put in ſtead of a Noun.
Q. How many Pronouns bee there?
A. Fifteen.
Q. Which bee they?
A. Ego I, tu thou, ſui of himſelf, ille hee, ipſe himſelf, iſte that, hic this, is that, meus mine, tuus thine, ſuus his, veſter yours, noſto ours, noſtras on our ſide, veſtras on your ſide.
Q. What words are added to theſe?
A. Qui which, quis who? Cujus whoſe? and cujas of who…e ſide?
Q. What things belong to a Pronoun?
A. Number, Caſe, Gender, Declenſion and Perſon.
Q. What things of theſe hath a Pronoun the ſame as a Noun hath?
A. Number, Caſe, Gender.
Q. What things of theſe hath a Pronoun of its own?
A. Declenſion and Perſon.
Q. How many Declenſions hath a Pronoun?
A. Four.
Qu. How end their Genitive caſes ſingular?
A. In
| 1. | 2. | 3 | 4 |
| i. | iiis vel jus | i, ae, i. | átis. |
Q. What Pronouns bee of the firſt Declenſion?
A. Ego, tu, ſui.
Q. What Pronouns bee uſed of the ſecond Declenſion?
A. Ille, ipſe, iſte, hic, is, qui, and quis.
Q. What Pronouns bee of third Declenſion?
A. Meus, tuus, ſuus, noster, veſter, and cujus.
Q. How many Pronouns bee of the fourth Declenſion?
A. Noſtras, veſtras, and cujas.
Q. How many Perſons hath a Pronoun?
A. Three.
Q. Which bee they?
A.
The firſt which ſpeaketh himſelf.
The ſecond which ſpeaketh to another,
The third which ſpeaketh of another.
III. Of a Verb.
Q. WHat is a Verb?
A. A Verb is a word that ſignifieth to d…, to ſuffer, or to bee.
Q. How many ſorts of Verbs are there?
A. Two.
Q. Which bee they?
Q. Perſonal, which is declined with three Perſons; and Imperſonal which is declined in the third Perſon onelyonly.
Q. What things belong to a Verb?
A Kinde, Mood, Tenſ, Conjugation, which belong onelyonly to it; Number and Perſon which belong alſo to a Pronoun.
Q. How many kindes of Verbs are there?
A. Five.
Q. Which bee they?
A. Active, Paſſive, Neuter, Deponent, and Commune.
Q, How know you a verb Active?
A It endeth in O, and ſignifieth to do.
Q. How know you a verb Paſſive?
A. It end's in Or, and ſignifieth to ſuffer.
Q. How know you a verb Neuter?
A. It endeth in M, and ſignifieth to bee; or in O, and ſignifieth ſomtimes to do, and ſomtimes to ſuffer
Q. How know you a verb Deponent?
A. It endeth in Or, and ſignifieth to do.
Q. How know you a verb Commune?
A. It endeth in Or, and ſignifieth both to do and to ſuffer.
Q. How many Moods have verbs?
A. Four.
Q. Which bee they?
A. The Indicative, the Imperative, the Subjunctive, and the Infinitive.
Q. How know you the Indicative mood?
A. It ſheweth a thing.
Q. How know you the Imperative mood?
A. It biddeth, or intreateth.
Q. How know you the Subjunctive mood?
A. It is joyned with a verb in the ſame ſentence.
Q. How know you the Infinitive mood?
A. It hath no certain Number or Perſon.
Q. What things belong to the Infinitive mood?
A. Gerunds and Supines.
Q. How many Gerunds are there?
A. Three, which end in Di, Do, Dum.
Q. How many Supines are there?
A. Two: whereof the firſt end's in um, and the later in u.
Q. How many Tenſes have Verbs?
A. Five.
Q. Which bee they?
A. The Preſent tenſ, the Preterimperfect, the Preterperfect, the Preterpluperfect, and the Future.
Q. How know you the Preſent tenſ?
A. It ſpeaketh of the time that now is.
Q. How know you the Preterimperfect tenſ?
A. It ſpeaketh of the time not fully paſt.
Q. How know you the Preterperfect tenſ?
A. It ſpeaketh of the time fully paſt.
Q. How know you the Preterpluperfect tenſ?
A. It ſpeaketh of the time long ago paſt.
Q. How know you the Future tenſ?
A. It ſpeaketh of the time to com.
Q. How many Conjugations have verbs?
A. Four.
Q. How know you the firſt Conjugation?
A. It hath a long before re and ris.
Q. How know you the ſecond Conjugation?
A. It hath e long before re and ris.
Q. How know you the third Conjugation?
A. It hath e ſhort before re and ris.
Q. How know you the fourth Conjugation?
A. It hath i long before re and ris.
Q. In conjugateing verbs what are wee chiefly to minde?
A. The firſt and ſecond perſons of the Preſent-tenſ; and the firſt perſon of the Preter-tenſ of the Indicative mood; the Infinitive mood Preſent-tenſ, and the firſt Supine.
Q. Why ſo?
A. Becauſ of theſe the other Moods and Tenſes bee form…d.
Q. What tenſes are formed of the Preter-tenſ?
A. Thoſe that end in ram, ſſem, rim, ro, and ſſe.
Q. Where learn you the Rules to know Preterperfect-tenſes & Supines of verbs?
A. out of As in praeſenti. Cap. 9.
Q How are verbs of the firſt Conjugation formed?
A.
Thoſe in O, like Amo.
Thoſe in Or, like Amor.
Q. How are verbs of the ſecond Conjugation formed?
A.
Thoſe in O, like Dóceo.
Thoſe in Or, like Dóceor.
Q. How are verbs of the third Conjugation formed?
A.
Thoſe in O, like Légo.
Thoſe in Or, like Légor.
Q. How are verbs of the fourth Conjugation formed?
A.
Thoſe in O, like Aúdio.
Thoſe in Or, like Aúdior.
IV. Of a Participle.
Q. WHat is a Participle?
A. A Participle is a word which is declined (with caſe) like a Noun; and ſignifieth (to do or to ſuffer) like a Verb,
Q. How many things belong to a Participle?
A. Number, Caſe, Gender, and Declenſion (as to a Noun) Tenſ and Signification, (as to a Verb)
Q. How many kindes of Participles are there?
A. Four.
Q Which bee they?
A. Of the Preſent-tenſ, of the Preter-tenſ, of the Future in rus and of the Future in dus.
Q. How know you a Participle of the Preſent-tenſ?
A. It ends in Engliſh in ing; and in Latine in ans or ens.
Q How know you a Participle of the Future in rus?
A It ſignifieth Actively.
Q. How know you a Participle of the Future in dus?
A. It ſignifieth Paſſively.
Q. How are Participles of the Preſent tenſ declined?
A. Like Adjectives of three Articles.
Q. How are other Participles declined?
A. Like Adjectives of three terminations.
V. Of an Adverb.
Q. WHat is an Adverb?
A. It is a word joyned to others to explain their ſignification.
VI. Of a Conjunction.
Q. WHat is a Conjunction?
A. A Conjunction is a word which joyneth other words together.
VII. Of a Prepoſition.
Q. WHat is a Prepoſition?
A. A Prepoſition is a word (commonly ſet before others, and ſerving to a caſe.
VIII. Of an Interjection.
Q. WHat is an Interjection?
A. An Interjection is a word put in amongſt others to ſignifie ſom paſſion.
Q. What belong's to the parts of Speech undeclined?
A. Signification.
Q How is their ſignification to bee known?
A. By daily uſe in reading and writing Latine
LIB. II. Of the Conſtruction of the eight parts of Speech.
Q. WHat doth the Conſtruction treat of?
A. A. Of certain Rules for the due joyning of words together in a Latine Speech.
Q. What bee thoſe Rules?
A. They bee either of
Concordance, whereby words agree.
Conſtruction, whereby words govern one another.
CAP. 1. Of the Concords.
Q. HOw many Concords bee there?
A. Three.
Q. Which bee they?
A.
The firſt between the nominative caſe and the Verb.
The ſecond between the Subſtantive and the Adjective.
The third between the Antecedent and the Relative.
Q. What is the Rule of the firſt Concord?
A. A verb Perſonal agreeth with its Nominative caſe in Number and Perſon.
Q What is the Rule of the ſecond Concord?
A. The Adjective agreeth with its Subſtantive in Caſe, Gender, and Number.
Q. What is the Rule of the third Concord?
A. The Relative Qui agreeth with its Antecedent in Gender, Number, and Perſon.
Q. What Rules are added to theſe?
A. That of the Caſe of the Relative, and Queſtion and Anſwer.
Q. What is the Rule of the caſe of the Relative?
A. When there commeth no Nominative caſe between the Relative and the Verb, the Relative ſhall bee the Nominative caſe to the Verb. But if there doth com a Nominative caſe between the Relative and the Verb, the Relative ſhall bee governed of the Verb, or of ſom other word in the ſame ſentence.
Q. What is the Rule of the Queſtion and Anſwer?
A. When a Queſtion is asked, the Anſwer muſt bee made by the ſame Caſe and Tenſ, that the Queſtion is asked by.
CAP. 2. Of the Conſtruction of Nouns.
Q. WHat nouns govern a Genitive caſe?
A. I. Nouns Subſtantives: and II. theſe Adjectives, 1. which ſignifie, deſire, knowledg, ignorance, remembrance &c. 2. that are derived of verbs and end in ax. 3. that are Partitives, or 4. put partitively.
Q. What nouns govern a Dative caſe?
A. Thoſe Adjectives, 1. that ſignifie profit or diſprofit, likeneſs or unlikeneſs, pleaſure, ſubmitting, or belonging to a thing, 2. that are derived of verbs, and are of the Paſſive ſignification ending in bilis.
Qu. What nouns govern an Accuſative caſe?
A. Adjectives of Quantitie.
Q. What nouns govern an Ablative caſe?
A. 1. Adjectives of the Comparative and Superlative degree having then or by after them: 2. Dignus, indignus, praeditus, captus, contentus: 3. Nouns of Diverſitie. 4. Adjectives of plentie and want. 5. Any Adjective or Verb, ſo that the Ablative caſe bee of the inſtrument, of the cauſ, or of the manner of doing. 6. Adjectives and Verbs of buying and ſelling. 7. Adjectives and Verbs Paſſives, and Neuters, that ſignifie ſom propertie or paſſion.
Q. When is a noun put in the Ablative caſe abſolute?
A. When it is joyned with a Participle, and hath no word whereon it may bee governed.
CAP. 3. Of the Conſtruction of Verbs.
Q. WHat verbs govern a Nominative caſe?
A. 1. Verbs Subſtantiues. 2. Verbs Paſſives of calling. 3. Verbs of geſture.
Qu. What verbs govern a Genitive caſe?
A. 1. Sum, when it ſignifieth belonging to a thing. 2. Verbs that betoken to eſteem or regard. 3. Verbs of accuſing, condemning, warning, or acquitting. 4. Sátago, miſéreor, and miſcréſco. 5. Reminiſcor, Oblivíſcor, and mémini·
Q. What verbs govern a Dative caſe?
A. All manner of verbs put acquiſitively.
Q. How do you know ſuch verbs?
A. By to or for after them.
Q. What verbs belong to this Rule?
A. Verbs that betoken, 1. to profit or diſprofit. 2. To compare. 3. To give or reſtore. 4. To promiſe or to pay. 5. To command or to ſhew. 6. To truſt. 7. To obey or bee againſt. 8. To threaten or to bee angrie with. 9. Sum with its Compounds, and ten Verbs compounded with ſátis, béne, málè, and Prae, ad, con, ſub, ante, poſt, ob, in, inter.
Q. What verbs govern an Accuſative caſe?
A. Verbs Tranſitives.
Q. What are theſe?
A Such as ſignifie what the verb doth or ſuffereth.
Q. What verbs govern an Ablative caſe?
A. 1. Any verb ſo that the Ablative caſe bee of the inſtrument, cauſ, or manner of doing. 2. Verbs of buying and ſelling. 3. Verbs that ſignifie a propertie or paſſion. 4. Verbs of plentie or want. 5. Certain Deponents and Neuters, 6. Verbs of compareing or exceeding. 7. Verbs that betoken receiving, diſtance, or takeing away. 8. Mereor, and verbs Paſſives.
Q How may a verb govern diverſ caſes?
A. In a diverſ reſpect.
Q. What are verbs of the Infinitive mood ſet after?
A. Certain Adjectives and Verbs.
CAP. 4. Of the Conſtruction of Gerunds and Supines.
Q. WHat caſe do Gerunds and Supines govern?
A. Such caſe as the Verbs that they com of,
Q. How is the Gerund in Di uſed?
A. After certain Subſtantives and Adjectives.
Q How is the Gerund in Do uſed?
A. With one of theſe Prepoſitions, a, ab, abs, d…e, ex, cum, in, pro.
Q. How is the Gerund in Dum uſed?
A. After one of theſe Prepoſitions, inter, ante, ad, …b, propter.
Q What is the firſt Supine put after?
A. After Verbs and Participles that betoken moving to a place.
Q. What is the later Supine put after?
A. After nouns Adjectives.
CAP. 5. Of the Conſtruction of Time, Space, and Place.
Q. WHat caſe bee nouns put in that betoken part of time?
A. Commonly in the Ablative caſe.
Q. What caſe bee nouns put in that ſignifie continued time?
A. Commonly in the Accuſative caſe.
Q. What caſe bee Nouns put in that ſignifie ſpace between place and place?
A. In the Accuſative caſe commonly.
Q. Nouns of place if they bee Appellatives, and proper names of great places, that ſignifie in, to, from or by a place, how ſhall they bee uſed?
A. With a Prepoſition.
Q Proper num…s of cities, that ſignifie … or at a place, in what caſe ſhall they bee put?
A. If they bee of the firſt or ſecond Declenſion and ſingular number, they ſhall bee put i… the Genitive caſe: but if they bee of the third Declenſion and plural number onelyonly, they ſhal… bee put in the Abl…tive caſe.
Q. Proper names of Cities that ſignif… to a place, in what caſe ſhall they bee put?
A. In the Accuſative.
Q Proper names that ſignifie from a place, in what caſe ſhall they bee put?
A. In the Ablative.
Q What Common names bee uſed like theſe Proper names of Cities?
A. Domus and Rus.
CAP. 6. Of the Conſtruction of Imperſonals and Participles.
Q. WHat Imperſonals govern a Ginitive caſe?
A. Intereſt, reſert, and eſt.
Q. What Imperſonals govern a Dative caſe?
A. Libet, licet, patet &c.
Q. What Imperſonals govern an Accuſative caſe?
A. Juvat, decet, delectat, oportet.
Q. What Imperſonals govern an Accuſative with a Genitive caſe?
A. Poenitet, tadet, miſeret, pudet, piget.
Q. What Imperſonals govern an Accuſative caſe with the Prepoſition Ad?
A. Attinet, pertinet, ſpectat.
Q. What caſes do Participles govern?
A. They govern ſuch caſes as the verbs that they com of.
CAP. 7. Of the Conſtructions of words undeclined.
Q. WHat Adverbs govern a Nominative caſe?
A. En and ecce.
Q▪ What Adverbs govern a Genitive caſe?
A. Thoſe of Time, Place, and Quantitie.
Q. What caſe govern Adverbs that are derived of Adjectives and Prepoſitions?
A. Such caſe as the Adjectives and Prepoſitions themſelvs govern, from which they bee derived.
Q. What Conjunctions couple like caſes, and like moods and tenſes?
A. Copulatives and Disjunctives, with theſe four, quàm, niſi, praeterquam, an.
Q. How many Prepoſitions ſerv to an Accuſative caſe?
A. One and thirtie.
Q. Which bee they?
A. Ad, apud, adverſus, adverſum, ante, cis, citra, circùm, circa, circiter, contra, erga, extra, infra, in…r, intra, juxta, ob, penès, per, ponè, poſt, praeter, prope, propter, ſecundùm, ſecus, ſupra, trans, vuſùs, ultra.
Q. How many Prepoſitions ſerv to an Ablative caſe?
A. Twelve.
Q. Which bee they?
A. A, ab, abs, abſque, coram, cum, de, e, …, prae, pro, ſine.
Q. How many Prepoſitions ſerv to an Accuſative, or an Ablative caſe?
A. Five.
Q. Which bee they?
A. Clam, in, ſub, ſubter, ſuper.
Q. What caſe will Tenus have?
A. An Ablative or a Genitive.
Q. What Prepoſitions are alwaies ſet in Compoſition?
A. Theſe ſix: viz. Am, di, dis, re, ſe, con.
Q Among the Interjections which to govern caſes?
A. O, proh, ah, vah, hei, vae, hem, apage, and ….
Q. How many Figures have Latine words?
A. Six eſpecially; of which ſee Cap. 10.
Q. What directions have you for makeing Latine?
Q. Thoſe in Cap. 11, and 12.
Q What directions have you for conſtruing Latine?
A. Thoſe in Cap. 13.
Q. What directions have you for parſing Latine?
A. Thoſe in Cap. 14.
Q. What directions have you for righ… writeing?
A. Thoſe in Cap. 15.