Commentary on Romans, Index of controversies
The table of the Controversies.
Generall controversies concerning the new Testament.
1. Con. Against those which thinke it is against the nature of the newe Testament, to be committed to writing.
2. con. Against the Romanists, that hold, that the writing of the Gospel, and other Scriptures, is not simply necessarie to salvation.
More speciall controversies out of the whole Epistle.
1. con. That it is knowne, that this Epistle was written by Paul, and is of diuine authoritie, by the epistle it selfe.
2. contr. That S. Pauls epistles are not so obscure, that any should be terrified from the reading thereof.
3. contr. Against the Ebionites, which retained the rites and ceremonies of Moses.
4. contr. Against the Marcionites, that reiected the lawe of Moses.
5. contr. Against the Romanists, which depraue the doctrine taught by S. Paul in his Epistle.
6. contr. Against Socinus, that blasphemously subverteth the doctrine of our redemption by Christ, and iustification by faith.
7. contr. Whether Paul may be thought to hauehave beene married.
Controversies vponupon the 1. Chapter.
1. contr. Against the Manichees, which refuse Moses and the Prophets.
2. contr. Against Election, by the foresight of workes.
3. contr. Against the Nestorians, and Vbiquitaries.
4. contr. Against the heresie of one Georgius Eniedinus, a Samosatenian heretike in Transilvania.
5. cont. Against the Marcionites, that Christ had a true bodie.
6. contr. Against the Apollina…sts, that Christ had no humane soule.
7. contr. That the Romane faith is not the same now, which was commended by the Apostle.
8. contr. That the Pope is not vniversall Bishop.
9. contr. Against the Popish distinction betweene foreign, to worship, and foreign, to serue, v. 9. whom I serue in my spirit.
10. contr. That God onelyonly spiritually is to be serued, and worshipped.
11. contr. Of the vaine vse of Popish pilgrimages.
12. contr. None to be barred from the knowledge of Gods word.
13. contr. Against diuerse hereticall assertions of Socinus, touching the iustice of God.
14. contr. Against inherent iustice.
15. contr. That the Sacraments did not conferre grace.
16. contr. That faith onelyonly iustifieth.
17. contr. How the Gospel is the power of God to salvation, to euerie one that beleeueth.
18. contr. Of the difference between the law and the Gospel.
19. contr. Whether by naturall meanes the Gentiles might hauehave attained to the knowledge of the onelyonly true God, without the speciall assistance of Gods grace.
20. contr. Against some Philosophers, that the world is not eternall.
21. contr. Against the adoration and setting vp of images, in Churches and places of prayer, v. 23. they turned the glorie of the incorruptible God, to the similitude of an image.
22. contr. Of the corrupt reading of the vulgar Latine translation, v. 32.
23. contr. Against the Popish distinction of veniall and mortall sinnes.
Controversies out of the 2. Chapter.
1. contr. Against the power of freewill in good things.
2. contr. Of iustification by the imputatiue iustice of faith.
3. contr. Against the merit of workes.
4. contr. Which are to be counted good works.
5. con. Whether any good works of the faithfull be perfect.
6. contr. Whether men ought to doe well for hope of recompence or reward.
7. contr. Against iustification by workes, vponupon these words, v. 13. Not the heares of the lawe, but the doers shall be iustified.
8. contr. That it is not possible in this life to keepe the lawe.
9. contr. Whether by the light of nature onelyonly a man may doe any thing morally good.
10. contr. Of the imperfection of the vulgar Latine translation.
11. contr. That the Sacraments do not conferre grace.
12. contr. That the Sacraments depend not vponupon the worthines of the Minister or receiuer.
13. contr. Against the Marcionites, and other, which condemned the old Testament, and the ceremonies thereof.
14. contr. Against the Anabaptists, which reiect the Sacraments of the newe Testament.
15. contr. That the want of Baptisme condemneth not.
16. contr. That the wicked and vnbeleeuers eate not the bodie of Christ in the Sacrament.
Controversies vponupon the 3. Chapter.
1. contr. That the Sacraments of the old Testament did not iustifie ex opere operato, by the work wrought, and so consequenly neither the newe.
2. contr. Of the Apochryphall Scriptures.
3. contr. That the wicked and vnbeleeuers doe not eate the bodie of Christ in the Eucharist.
4. contr. That the Romane Church hath not the promise of the perpetuall presence of Gods spirit.
5. contr. The Virgin Marie not exempted from sinne.
6. contr. The reading of the Scripture is not to be denied to any.
7. contr. Against the adversaries of the law the Marcionites and other heretikes.
8. contr. Against the counsels of perfection.
9. contr. Against the Pelagians, which established free-will.
10. contr. That the vertue of Christs death, is indifferently extended, both to sinnes before baptisme, and after.
11. contr. That the beleeuing fathers before Christ, were not kept in Limbo.
12. contr. Against the Marcionite heretikes.
13. contr. Against the Novatian heretikes.
14. contr. Against inherent iustice.
15. contr. Against the Popish distinction of the first and second iustification.
16. contr. Against the works of preparation, going before iustification.
17. contr. What iustifying faith is.
18. contr. What manner of faith it is that iustifieth.
19. contr. Of the manner how faith iustifieth.
20. contr. Whether faith alone iustifieth.
21. contr. How S. Paul and S. Iames are reconciled together.
23. contr. Against Socinus, that Christ properly redeemed vsus by paying the ransome for vsus, and not metaphorically.
23. contr. That Christ truely reconciled vsus by his blood, against an other blasphemous assertion of Socinus.
Controversies out of the 4. Chapter.
1. contr. That the Apostle excludeth all kind of workes from iustification.
2. contr. Whether blessednes consist onelyonly in the conversion of sinners, v. 7.
3. contr. Whether sinne is wholly purged and taken away in the iustification of the faithfull.
4. contr. Against workes of satisfaction.
5. contr. Of imputatiue iustice against inherent righteousnes.
6. contr. That the Sacraments doe not conferre grace by the externall participation onelyonly.
7. contr. That there is the same substance, and efficacie of the Sacraments of the old and newe Testament.
8. contr. That circumcision was not onelyonly a signe, signifying or distinguishing, but a seale confirming the promise of God.
9. contr. Whether circumcision were availeable for the remission of sinne.
10. contr. Of the presumptuous titles of the Pope, calling himselfe the father and head of the faithfull.
11. contr. Against the Chiliasts or Millenaries, that hold that Christ should raigne a 1000. yeares in the earth.
12. contr. Of the certaintie of faith, v. 16. that the promise might be sure.
13. contr. Whether faith be an act of the vnderstanding onelyonly.
14. contr. That iustifying faith is not a generall apprehension, or beleeuing of the articles of the faith, but an assurance of the remission and forgiuenesse of sinnes in Christ.
15. contr. That faith doth not iustifie by the merit or act thereof, but onelyonly instrumentally, as it applyeth and apprehendeth the righteousnesse of Christ.
16. contr. The people are no to be denied the reading of the Scriptures.
17. contr. Against the heretikes which condemned the old Testament, and the author thereof.
18. contr. Whether iustification consist onelyonly in the remission of sinnes.
19. contr. Against Socinus corrupt interpretation of these words, v. 25. was deliuered vp for our sinnes.
20. contr. Piscators opinion examined, that our sinnes are remitted onelyonly by Christs death, not for the the obedience, and merit of his life.
Controversies vponupon the 5. Chapter.
1. contr. Whether a good conscience and integritie of life, be the cause of peace with God.
2. contr. Against invocation of Saints.
3. contr. Of the certaintie of salvation and of perseverance.
4. contr. That the tribulation of the Saints, is not meritorius, though it be said to worke patience.
5. contr. That we are not iustified by the inherent habite of charitie.
6. contr. Against the heresie of impious Socinus, who denieth that Christ died for our sinnes, and payed the ransome for them.
7. contr. Against other obiections of Socinus and other impugning the fruit and efficacie of Christs death, in reconciling vsus to God his Father.
8. con. That Christs death was a full satisfaction for our sins, against Socinus his cauils.
9. contr. That Christs death was not onelyonly satisfactorie, but meritorious, against Socinus.
Certaine controversies touching Originall sinne.
10. cont. That there is originall sinne in men by the corruption of nature, against the opinion of the Hebrewes.
11. contr. That Adaws sinne is entred into his posteritie, by propagation, not imitation onelyonly, against the Pelagians.
12. contr. Of the manner how originall sinne is propagated, against the Pelagians, where it is disputed, whether the soule be deriued from the Parents.
13. contr. Against the Pelagians and Papists, that originall sinne is not quite taken away in Baptisme.
14. contr. What originall sinne is, against the Romanists, and some some others, and specially against them which hold it to be Adams sinne imputed onelyonly to his posteritie.
15. contr. That originall sinne is not onelyonly the privation of originall iustice.
16. contr. Of the wicked heresie of Marcion and Valentinus, with the blasphemous Manichees.
17. cont. That all sinnes are mortall, and worthie of death by nature.
18. contr. That Henoch and Elias are not yet aliue in the bodie.
19. contr. The Virgin Marie conceiued in originall sinne.
20. contr. Againe meritts.
21. contr. That the punishment of originall sinne is euerlasting death.
22. contr. That Christs essentiall iustice is not infused into vsus.
23. contr. Against the Patrons of vniuersall grace.
24. contr. Against the Popish inherent iustice.
25. contr. That we are iustified both by the actiue and passiue obedience of Christ.
26. contr. Against the Philosophers, who placed righteousnes in their owne workes.
27. contr. Against the Manichees and Pelagians, the one giuing too much, the other too little to the lawe.
28. contr. Of the assurance of salvation.
29. contr. Of the diuerse kinds of grace, against the Romanists.
Controversies out of the 6. Chapter.
1. contr. Against the administring of the Sacraments in an vnknowne tongue.
2. contr. Concerning inherent iustice.
3. contr. That the Sacrament of Baptisme doth not conferre grace by the outward worke.
4. contr. That Baptisme serueth as well for the remission of sinnes to come, as of sinnes past.
5. contr. Whether in Baptisme our sinnes be cleane taken away.
6. contr. Of the baptisme of infants.
7. contr. Of the assurance of salvation.
8. contr. That Christ shall not die in the next world againe for those which were not healed here.
9. contr. Against the Sacrifice of the Masse.
10. contr. Concerning freewill.
11. contr. That concupiscence remaining in the regenerate is properly sinne.
12. contr. Whether a righteous man may fal into any mortall, or deadly sinne.
13. contr. Against the Manichees.
14. contr. Concerning inherent iustice.
15. contr. Against the power of freewill in the fruits of righteousnesse.
16. contr. Whether all death is the wages of sinne.
17. contr. Against the distinction of veniall and mortall sinnes.
18. contr. That everlasting life cannot be merited by good workes.
Controversies vponupon the 7. Chapter.
1. contr. Against Purgatorie.
2. contr. Of the lawfulnes of second marriage.
3. contr. Whether the marriage bond be indissoluable before the one partie be dead.
4. contr. That the disparitie of profession is no cause of the dissolution of marriage.
5. contr. Whether the bill of diuorce permitted to the Iewes, did lawfully dissolue matrimonie vnderunder the Law.
6. contr. Against the workes of propitiation.
7. contr. Against the Heretikes which condemned the Lawe.
8. contr. That we are freed by grace from the strict and rigorous observation of the lawe.
9. contr. That concupiscence though it hauehave no deliberate consent of the will, is sinne, & forbidden by the commandement.
10. contr. That the commandement, thou shalt not lust, is but one.
11. contr. Against freewill.
Controversies out of the 8. Chapter.
1. contr. That concupiscence remaining euen in the regenerate is sinne, and in it selfe worthie of condemnation.
2. controver. That none are perfect in this life.
3. controver. That regeneration is not the cause that there is no condemnation to the faithfull.
4. contr. Against the Arrians and Eunomians, concerning the dietie of the holy Ghost.
5. contr. Against the Pelagians, that a man by nature cannot keepe and fulfill the lawe.
6. contr. The fulfilling of the lawe is not possible in this life, no not to them, which are in the state of grace.
7. con. That not the carnall eating of Christs flesh is the cause of the resurrection, but the spirituall, v. 11.
8. contr. Against merits.
9. contr. Whether in this life one by faith may be sure of salvation.
10. contr. Against the invocation of Saints.
11. contr. That a strange tongue is not to be vsed in the seruice of God.
12. contr. That euerlasting glorie cannot be merited.
13. contr. That hope iustifieth not.
14. contr. Whether hope relie vponupon the merit of our workes.
15. contr. Against the naturall power and integritie of mans will.
16. contr. That predestination dependeth not vponupon the foresight of faith or good workes.
17. contr. Against the opinion of Ambrosius Catharinus concerning predestination.
18. contr. That election is certaine and infallible, of grace without merit, and of some selected, not generally of all.
19. contr. That the elect cannot full away from the grace and fauour of God, and be wholly giuen ouer vntounto sinne.
20. contr. Whether a reprobate may hauehave the grace of God, and true iustice.
21. contr. That the elect by faith may be assured of euerlasting salvation.
Controversies out of the 9. Chapter.
1. contr. That succession of Bishops is no sure note of the Church of Christ.
2. contr. Against the old heretikes the Manichees, Arrians, Nestorians, confuted out of the 5. ver.
3. contr. Against the prophane and impious collections of Eniedinus and Socinus late heretikes.
4. contr. That the water in baptisme doth not sanctifie or giuegive grace.
5. contr. Against the vaine observation of Astrologers in casting of nativities.
6. contr. That the soules had no beeing in a former life, before they came into the body.
7. contr. Whether the foresight of faith or workes be the cause of election.
8. contr. That not onelyonly election vntounto grace, but vntounto glorie also, is onelyonly of the good will of God.
9. contr. That the Apostle treateth as well of reprobation in this place, as of Election.
10. contr. Whether as well the decree of reprobation as of election, be without the foresight of workes.
11. contr. Of the difference betweene the decree of election and reprobation, and of the agreement betweene them.
12. contr. Whether merciemercy be a naturall propertie in God, or an effect onelyonly of his will, against Socinus.
13. contr. Whether the merciemercy of God in the forgiuenesse of sinne, be an effect of Gods free and absolute will onelyonly, and be not grounded vponupon Christ, against the heresie of Socinus and Ostorodius.
15. contr. Of the sufficiencie of Scripture.
16. contr. Of the certaintie of saluation.
17. contr. Against the works of preparation.
Controversies vponupon the 10. Chapter.
1. contr. Against inherent iustice.
2. contr. Against the workes of preparation, which are done without faith.
3. contr. That it is impossible for any in this life to keepe the lawe.
4. contr. Against the doubting of salvation.
5. contr. Against vnwritten traditions.
6. contr. Against freewill.
7. contr. Against Limbu, Patrum, that Christ went not downe thither to deliuer the Patriarkes.
8. contr. Whether the righteousnesse of faith and the righteousnes of the law, be one and the same, or contrarie the one to the other.
9. contr. Whether the righteousnesse of the lawe, and that which is by the law, doe differ.
10. contr. That Baptisme doth not giuegive, or conferre grace.
11. contr. Against the dissembling of our faith and profession.
12. contr. That faith is not onelyonly in the vnderstanding.
13. contr. The Scriptures the onelyonly sufficient rule of faith.
14. contr. How the Apostle saith, there is no difference between the Iew and the Grecian, v. 12.
15. contr. Against the maintainers of vniversall grace.
16. contr. That faith iustifieth not by the act thereof, but onelyonly as it apprehendeth Christ.
17. contr. That faith onelyonly iustifieth, not invocation.
18. contr. Against the invocation of Saints.
19. contr. That we must pray with confidence, and assurance.
20. contr. Against the vaine pompe of the Pope of Rome, in offering his feete to be kissed.
21. contr. Against humane traditions.
22. contr. That the Ministers and Preachers of the Gospel, hauehave a lawfull calling against Stapleton.
23. contr. That the Hebrew text is more authenticall then the vulgar Latin translation.
24. contr. Against the works of preparation.
25. contr. Against the Iewes, that will not hauehave the Prophet to speake of them, in these words, I hauehave stretched out my hands, &c.
Controversies out of the 11. Chapter.
1. contr. That none which are elected can finally fall away.
2. contr. Whether the complaint of Elias of the paucitie of true worshippers, be well applied to the decay of religion vnderunder the Pope at the time of the first reformation.
3. contr. That works are excluded both from election; and iustification.
4. contr. Against free-will.
5. contr. That vniversalitie and multitude is not alwaies a note of the true Church.
6. contr. Of the sufficiencie of Scripture, and of the right way to interpret the same.
7. contr. Against the Iewes.
8. contr. Whether any of the true branches may be broken off.
9. contr. Against the heresie of Valentinus and Basilides, that held some things to be euill, some good by nature.
10. contr. That there was the same spirit of faith, and the same spirituall substance of the Sacraments, vnderunder the old Testament, and in the New.
11. contr. That the Scriptures are the iudge of eueryevery one in particular.
12. contr. Against the Popish vncertentie and doubtfulnes of saluation.
13. contr. Against the Manichees, and Marcionites.
14. contr. Against the works of preparation.
15. contr. Against the erroneous opinion of Origen, concerning the purgatorie of hell.
Controversies vponupon the 12. Chapter.
1. contr. Concerning the power of free-will.
2. contr. Whether the Masse be a sacrifice properly so called.
3. contr. Of the difference betweene foreign, and foreign, worship, and seruice, whether they signifie two kinds of religious worships, the one peculiar to God, the other to the creatures.
4. contr. Of the comparison betweene virginitie, and mariage.
5. contr. The minde it selfe, and not the sensuall part onelyonly hath neede of renovation.
6. contr. Of the perfections of the Scripture: against traditions.
7. contr. Against free-will.
8. contr. Against the arrogancie of the Pope.
9. contr. Against the superstitious orders of the Popish Clergie.
10. controv. The Pope not the head of the Church.
11. contr. That to louelove our enemie is a precept, and commanded, not counselled as indifferent.
Controversies vponupon the 13. Chapter.
1. contr. Whether the Pope, and other Ecclesiasticall persons, ought to be subiect to the Ciuill power.
2. contr. Whether the Pope hauehave a spirituall power ouer Kings and Princes.
3. contr. That the tyrannie and idolatrie of the Pope, may be gain said, and resisted.
4. contr. Whether the Ciuill magistrate hauehave any power or authoritie, in matters of religion.
5. contr. Whether Ecclesiasticall persons, as Bishops, and others, may hauehave the temporall sword committed vntounto them.
6. contr. Whether it be lawfull for a Christian to be a Magistrate, and to vse the sword in the time of peace and warre.
7. contr. Whether lawes Ciuill, and Ecclesiasticall, doe bind simply in conscience.
8. contr. Whether Ecclesiasticall persons are exempted from tribute.
9. contr. Whether the fulfilling of the law be possible in this life.
10. contr. Against the Marcionites, which denied the morall precepts, to be now in force, but to be ceased.
11. contr. Against iustification by the works of the law.
Controversies vponupon the 14. Chapter.
1. contr. Whether to abstaine from certaine meates, be an act of religion, and a part of Gods worship, or a thing in it selfe indifferent.
2. contr. That faith is not onelyonly an assenting of the wil, but an act also of the vnderstanding, and it is ioyned with knowledge.
3. contr. That it is necessarie, that festivall daies should be obserued among Christians.
4. contr. That festiuall daies ought not to be consecrated to the honour of Saints.
6. contr. Whether all the festivalls of Christians are alike arbitrarie to be altered, and chaunged, as shall seeme good to the Church.
7. contr. Against Purgatorie.
8. contr. Whether Christ by his obedience and suffering, merited for himselfe eternall glorie, and dominion.
9. contr. Of bowing the knee to the name of Iesus, whether it be necessarily inferred out of this place, v. 11. and Phil. 2.10.
10. contr. That Christ is prooued to be God, by this saying of the Prophet, cited v. 11. as I liue, eueryevery knee shall bow vntounto me: against the blasphemie of Georg. Eniedinus.
11. contr. That morall works, which are done without faith are sin, howsoeuer outwardly they appeare good.
Controversies out of the 15. Chapter.
1. contr. Whether S. Peter were iustly reprehended of S. Paul for refusing to eate with the Gentiles.
2. contr. That Christ is not set forth onelyonly as an example for vsus to imitate, but as our Sauiour to redeeme vsus.
3. contr. Against the enemies and adversaries to the Scriptures, the Marcionites, Libertines, and others.
4. contr. Of the authoritie of the Scripture, that it dependeth not vponupon the approbation or allowance of the Church.
5. contr. Against the invocation of Saints.
6. contr. Of the certentie of saluation, against the Popish diffidence and doubtfulnes.
7. contr. Against the power of freewill in spirituall things.
8. contr. Whether the Apostles excusing of himselfe, doe derogate from the authoritie of this epistle.
9. contr. That the Scriptures are perfect and absolute, containing whatsoeuer is necessarie to saluation, both touching doctrine and manners.
10. contr. Against the Popish sacrifice of the Masse, which the Papists make the peculiar act of their Priesthood.
11. contr. Against the superstitious order of Monks and Friers.
12. contr. That miracles are not necessarie in the Church.
13. contr. Against the vaine pompe of the Popish pontificall ornaments.
14. contr. Of the idle boastings, and vaineglorious excursions of the Iesuits.
15. contr. Against the pompous processions and Persian-like traine of the Popes Legats and Cardinals.
16. contr. Against the Anabaptisticall communitie.
17. contr. Against the invocation of Saints.
18. contr. Against the merit of praiers.
Controversies out of the 16. Chapter.
1. contr. Against cloistered Nunnes.
2. contr. The Church not alwaies visible and consisting of multitudes.
3. contr. All doctrine is to be examined by the Scriptures.
4. contr. That Papists not Protestants serue their owne bellie.
5. contr. That Protestants are no schismatikes.
6. contr. Why the Gospel was kept secret so many yeares vnderunder the kingdome of Antichrist, against the obiection of the Papists.
7. contr. Against the Popish doxologie ascribing glorie with Christ vntounto the virgin Marie.
8. contr. Whether S. Peter were euer at Rome, and continued there Bishop 25. yeares.
The summe of the Controversies handled in this Commentarie, beside Doctrines and Morall observations, maketh in all about 290.
The Questions and Controversies summed together, make toward a thousand, beeing in all 950.
This COMMENTARIE by Gods gratious assistance, was finished April 10. Ann. Dom. 1611. anno aetatis Authoris currente 48.
To God onelyonly wise be praise through Iesus Christ for euer. Rom. 16.27.