New Discovery of Old Pontifical Practices, Events leading to release
I being reprieved (as the Sheriffe ſaid by her Majeſties owne commandement) Doctor Bond one of the Queenes Chaplaines, came to me as from the Queene her ſelfe and from the Councel, with the ſubmiſsion that was tendered an…o to conferre with me in generall, but ſpecially to perſwade me to yeeld thereunto, or to take the reaſons of my refuſall, after two dayes conference wee agreed upon a forme of ſubmiſsion, as followeth.
The Forme of that ſubmiſsion which was offered unto me, and I refuſed.
I Iohn Vdall, have bin hitherto by due courſe of Law convicted of felony, for penning and ſetting forth a certaine booke, called a Demonſtration, of Diſcipline, wherin falſe, ſlanderous and ſeditious matters are contained, againſt her Majeſties Prerogative Royall, her Crown and Dignity and againſt the laws and Government Eccleſiaſticall and temporall, eſtabliſhed by Law under her highneſſe, and tending to the erecting of a new forme of government contray to Her ſaid Lawes. All which points I do now by the grace of God perceive to be very dangerous to the peace of this Realme and Church, ſeditious in the Common-wealth, and juſtly offenſive to the Queenes moſt excellent Majeſtie, ſo as thereby I now ſeeing the grievouſneſſe of this my offence, doe moſt humbly on my knees before God and this preſence, ſubmit my ſelfe to the mercy of her highneſſe, being muſt ſorry, that ſo deepely and worthily I have incurred her Majeſties indignation againſt mee, promiſing if it ſhall pleaſe God to move her Royall heart to have compaſſion on mee, a moſt ſorrowfull convicted Perſon, that I will for ever hereafter forſake all ſuch undutifull and dangerous courſes, and demeane my ſelfe dutyfully and peaceably to all authorities both Civill and Eccleſiaſticall eſtabliſhed in this Realme, for I doe acknowledge them to be both lawfull and godly, and to be obeyed of every faithfull Subject.
The Forme of that ſubmiſsion whereunto I did Conſent and ſet my Hand.
With theſe three Proteſtations I doe ſubmit my ſelf in manner as followeth.
1. I hold the cauſe of Diſcipline debated in that booke to be an undoubted truth.
2. I never imagined any evill againſt her Majeſties Perſon or Eſtate, but have ſought to honour them both▪
3. I never purpoſed to do or perſwade any thing whereby the Diſcipline might be advanced but by peaceable meanes, endeavouring to keepe within the compaſſe of Law.
I Iohn Vdall, …ave been by due courſe of Law, convicted and condemned of Felony, for penning and publiſhing a certaine book called the Demonſtration of Diſcipline, In the Preface whereof ſome matter as alſo the manner of writing, I confeſſe to bee in ſome part ſo bitter and undutifull, as deſerveth juſtly to bee cenſured and puniſhed, and juſtly offenſive to the Queenes moſt excellent Majeſtie: wherefore the tryall of the Law imputing unto me all ſuch defaults as are in that booke, and laying the puniſhment of the ſame in moſt grievous manner upon me, and I ſeeing the grievouſneſſe of this offence, doe moſt humbly on my knees, as in the preſence of God, ſubmit my ſelfe to the mercy of her Highneſſe, being moſt ſorry that ſo deepe and juſt occaſions ſhould be given to procure her Majeſties diſpleaſure againſt me, promiſing that if it ſhall pleaſe God to move her Royall heart to have compaſsion on me a moſt ſorrowfull condemned perſon, that I will for ever hereafter forſake all undutifull and dangerous courſes, and demeane my ſelfe dutifully and peaceably as becommeth a Miniſter of the Goſpel, and as a loyall ſubject to the Queens moſt Excellent Majeſtie.
At the ſame time that Doctor Bond was with me, I received a letter from a Friend of mine, that did ſolicite Sir Walter Rawleigh for mee, wherein were theſe words.SIR Walter Rawleigh willed me to let you underſtand, that her Majeſtie is informed of you, that you hold that the Church of England is no Church, and the Sacraments of the ſame, no Sacraments, and that all her Eccleſiaſt… …ws are againſt the word of God, and ſo her government, and that all Eccleſiaſticall matters ought to be governed by a Preſbytery, and ſhee her ſelfe to be ſubject to the cenſures thereof. And that for theſe things and ſuch like you are not worthy to live. But if you will write halfe a dozen lines under your hand, unto Sir Walter concerning theſe opinions, that hee may ſhew it to her Majeſtie▪ he hopeth to obtaine your life. I know it is an eaſie thing for you to anſwer all theſe things, and therfore doe it with ſpeed, and in your writing to Sir Walter take knowledge, that he hath ſent you ſuch word.
Hereupon I wrote a Letter to Sir Walter Rawleigh, and what I hold in theſe points as followeth.
To the right Honourable Sir WALTER RAWLEIGH, Knight, Lord Warden of the Stannery.
MY duty being remembred unto your Lordſhip, I humbly thanke your Honour for your great and honourable care over me and for my good; whereof I truſt you ſhall never be aſhamed, m…ſt humbly beſeeching your good Lordſhip to be a meane to appeaſe her Majeſties indignation conceived againſt me, by meanes of ſome accuſations untruely ſuggeſted; for God is my witneſſe, I have never had any earthly thing in ſo precious accompt as to honour her Highneſſe, and to draw her Subjects to acknowledge with all thankefullneſſe the exceeding bleſsings that God beſtoweth upon them by her Majeſties happy Government, whereof I truſt mine adverſaries will be witneſſes when I am dead. I have ſent unto your Lordſhip (as in perplexity I could upon the ſodai…e) what I hold concerning certaine points declared unto me, as from your Lordſhip, praying that it would pleaſe you to make known the truth thereof unto her Highneſſe: And if neither my ſubmiſsion heretofore delivered, nor theſe things now ſet down will be accepted to draw her Highneſſe of her gracious compaſsion to pardon me, that yet it would pleaſe her Majeſty (that the Land may not be charged with my blood) to change my puniſhment from death to baniſhment. Thus truſting your Lordſhip will vouchſafe me this favour, and that it will pleaſe her Majeſty thereupon graciouſly to conſider of me, I humbly take my leave,
From the White-Lyon, Febr. 22. 1590. Your Lordſhips to command, Iohn Vdall priſoner.
1. I do believe and have often preached, that the Church of England is a part of the true viſible Church of Chriſt, and that the preaching of the word and adminiſtration of the Sacraments therein are the holy Ordinances of God, profitable and comfortable to every one that rightly partakes thereof. In which regard I have bin and do yet deſire to be a preacher in the ſame Church▪ and have communicated in the Sacraments and Prayers therein, for the ſpace of 7 yeares at Kingſton, and about a yeare at Newcaſtle upon Tyne, immediatly before mine impriſonment, and therefore I do from my heart utterly renounce the Schiſme whereinto the Browniſts have fallen in condemning the Churches of England, and ſeparating themſelves from communicating in the publique Miniſtery thereof.
2. I know no other but that the Statute Laws of this land do maintaine the holy Miniſtery of the word and Sacraments in ſuch manner as any Chriſtian may with a ſafe conſcience both adminiſter therein and communicate therewithall. Alſo that the Law which requireth a ſubſcription to the Articles of Religion ſo far as they contain the Doctrine of Faith and Sacraments is agreeable to the word of God.
3. I do believe that by the word of God her Majeſty hath, and ought to have▪ a ſupreame Authority over all perſons, in all cauſes, both Eccleſiaſticall and Civill to inforce every man to do his duty and to be obedient in every thing that is not contrary to the word of God. And if the Prince ſhould command any thing contrary to Gods word, it is not lawfull for the Subjects to rebell or reſiſt, no not ſo much as in thought but with patience and humility to beare all the puniſhments layd upon them▪ ſeeking onelyonly by Prayer to God, and ſupplication to Authority, and ſuch like peaceable meanes to have …aults amended.
4. I do believe that by the word of God, the Churches rightly reformed ought to be governed Eccleſiaſtically by the Miniſters, aſſiſted with Elders, and this is not my private judgement▪ but ſuch as I have learned out of the word of God, bin confirmed in by the writings of the moſt learned and godly men of ancient and latter times, and have ſeen practiſed with much peace and comfort in the beſt reformed Churches in Europe, and even by thoſe Exiles which her Majeſty to her great honour hath hitherto protected.
5. I do believe that the Cenſures of the Church ought meerely to concern the Soule, and may not impeach any Subject, much leſſe any Prince, in the liberty of Body, Dominion, goods, or any earthly priviledge whatſoever; and that therefore the Papall Excommunication that depoſeth Princes, and freeth their Subjects from their Allegiance or any part of Chriſtian obedience to Civill Authority, is blaſphemous againſt God, injurious to all men, and directly contrary to Gods word: neither do I believe that a Chriſtian Prince ought otherwiſe to be ſubject to the Cenſures of the Church, then our gracious Queene profeſſeth her ſelfe to be unto the preaching of the word & adminiſtration of the Sacraments according to the doctrin of our Church in Mr. Nowells Catechiſme and the Hom: of the right uſe of the Church, at this day appointed publiquely to be read.
If I underſtand of any other thing that I am charged to hold as a ſtrange and private opinion, I would be willing to ſhew my minde freely in it; for my deſire is, that her Highneſſe might truely be informed of every thing that I holde: ſo ſhould I be ſure to obtaine her gracious favour, without which I do not deſire to live.
Theſe things thus paſſed, I remained as before, without any great hope of liberty, or feare of extremity, untill the next Aſſiſes drew neere, at laſt there came Mr. Nowell Deane of Pauls, and Mr. Doctor Andrews with a new ſubmiſſion yet containing nothing one clauſe excepted) which was not in the former, which I condeſcended unto, notwithſtanding I refuſed preſently to ſet my hand unto it▪ (though they promiſed in the name of the Councell, that in yeelding to it I ſhould obtaine pardon and liberty, becauſe I would do nothing without good advice and conſideration.
The copie of the ſubmiſſion given me by Mr▪ Deane of Pauls, with his name to it as followeth.
I Iohn Vdall have bin heretofore by due courſe of Law, convicted and condemned of Felony, for penning and publiſhing a certaine Booke called The Demonſtration of Diſcipline, in the Preface wherof ſome matter, as alſo the manner of handling of it. I confeſſe in ſome part to be ſo bitter and undutifull▪ as deſerveth juſtly to be cenſured and puniſhed according to the Laws of th…s Realme, eſtabliſhed under her Highneſſe, and juſtly offenſive to the Queenes moſt excellent Majeſty; wherefore I now ſeeing the grievouſneſſe of this offence do moſt humbly on my knees and in the preſence of God ſubmit my ſelfe to the mercy of her Highneſſe, being moſt ſorry that ſo deep and juſt occaſion ſhould be given to procure her Majeſties d…pl…ſure againſt me, promiſing that if it ſhall pleaſe God to move her Majeſties Royall h…rt to have compaſſion on me, a moſt ſorrowfull condemned perſon, I will ever hereafter forſake all undutifull ſeditious and dangerous courſes, and demeane my ſelfe dutifully and peaceably, as becomme…h a Miniſter of the Goſpell, and a loyall Subject of the Queenes moſt Excellent Majeſty.
This is the true Copy of the ſubmiſsion …nt unto me from her Majeſties moſt Honourable Privy-Councell. Alexander Nowell.
When I had weighed with my ſelfe, that the clauſe which is added may admit a good interpretation, and the omitting of that which is left out of my former ſubmiſſion, cauſeth no ill ſenſe of that which is ſet down I condeſcended (being alſo adviſed thereunto by my good and godly friends) to ſet my hand unto it, and thereupon wrote a Letter unto Mr. Nowell as followeth.
RIght Worſhipfull Mr. Deane, I praiſe God with all my heart, that authority hath ſo good remembrance of my lamentable Eſtate, and yet more that by the ſame I am for my forme of ſubmiſsion to deale with a man of that piety and wiſedome, that you have bin worthtly in the Church long agone eſteemed to be of, and ſo have continued to t… reverend age that you are come unto. It may pleaſe you Sir to underſtand, that I have conſidered of the forme of ſubmiſsion, that your Worſhip brought unto mee, and find nothing in it, but that in a good conſcience I can yeeld unto, for it requireth not of me any dentall or diſallowance of the Cauſe of Diſcipline debated in the booke, for which I am in queſtion, the ſubſtance of which doctrine I believe to be the undoubted truth of God, and therefore ought never to deny or diſallow it: Notwithſtanding with my perſwaſion I take God to witneſſe, that I never purpoſed to doe or perſwade any thing, whereby it might be advanced, but by peaceable meanes, endeavouring to keepe within the compaſſe of Law▪ Further alſo the ſaid forme of ſubmiſsion, chargeth mee not with any malice againſt her Majeſtie, from which likewiſe I acknowledge as in the preſence of our Saviour Chriſt, that is ready to come to judge the quick and the dead, that I have bin alwayes free and have carried a Chriſtian, loving and dutifull affection to her Majeſties Royall perſon and eſtate, as I know by the word of God I ought to doe, which being ſo, I have reſolved to ſatisfie the authority from which you brought me the ſaid forme of ſubmiſsion, and at your good pleaſure without further limitation ſimply to ſubſcribe it.
Good Mr. Deane in the bowels of Chriſt have compaſsion of my eſtate, more wayes lamentable then I can in a few or many words expreſſe, or (as I thinke) any other but only the ſpirit that is taught to pray with groans that cannot be uttered, and in ſuch chriſtian compaſsion by your favourable and earneſt mediation to the authority that may relieve me, procure my pardon and free diſcharge, of the dangers and troubles wherein I am, that I may ſay with the Prophet I ſhall not die, but live and declare the works of the Lord.
So ſhall not only my poore Wife and Children, but I hope many others praiſe God for you in that reſpect, and my ſelfe as beholding unto you in a caſe of life, continually pray for you your good eſtate to the Lord of life bleſſed for ever.
Amen.
After I had thus ſet my hand hereunto, I adviſed alſo to write unto certaine of the Councell and other honourable perſons beſides, partly to let them underſtand in what ſenſe I had yeelded hereunto, and partly to intreate their favour, and furthermore for my liberty: the copy of which letter (for it was the ſame word for word to every one, the Title of their ſeverall eſtates excepted) here enſueth.
RIght Honourable my preſent lamentable condition enforceth me in moſt humble manner, to crave ſo much leiſure of your Lordſhips from the weighty affaires of the State, as to conſider of theſe few lines. The Reverend Mr. Nowell Deane of Paules, and Mr. Doctor Andrewes a few dayes agoe brought me forme of ſubmiſſion (as they ſaid) from authority with hope of favour for my life, if I would yeeld unto it. Whereof having conſidered and finding nothing in it, but which I had heretofore yeelded unto, when Mr. Doctor Bond was with me, one clauſe excepted, to wit, That the faults doe deſerve to bee puniſhed according to the Lawes of the Land. Which yet hath no ſuch words but may beare ſo good a ſenſe as I thinke may in ſuch forme ſubmit my ſelfe, without either condemning the ſuite for a further Reformation or my ſelfe as juſtly deſerving by the Lawes to die. I cannot diſcerne ſufficient cauſe to refuſe it, for by the hardeſt word that I have by due courſe of Law bin convicted and condemned. I underſtand the forme of proceeding by ind…ment Arraignement, Jury, Witneſſes and ſuch like as alſo by that clauſe, that the manner of writing is in ſome part ſuch as deſerveth juſtly to be cenſured and puniſhed by the lawes of this Land. I meane of ſuch cenſures as the good Lawes of this Land adminiſtred with Juſtice do ordaine for puniſhing of ſuch offences in the manner of writing which cannot bee of death without malice againſt her Majeſtie. From which (I take Almighty God to witneſſe) I have bin alwaies free. In regard wherof I feared leſt I might be thought to ſtand too comentiouſly and undutifully with Authority, & too be to careleſſe of mine owne eſtate, if I ſhould not yeeld to ſuch a form of ſubmiſſion as they brought unto me. Wherein having yeelded, as farre as in conſcience I may, and as authority by their meanes requireth of mee. My moſt humble ſuite to your Lordſhips is that in your Chriſtian and honourable compaſſion of my moſt lamentable eſtate, that that may pleaſe your Lordſhips by your favourable mediation to her excellent Majeſtie, to further my moſt humble ſuite, for my pardon and free diſcharge of theſe my grievous troubles. So ſhall I bee bound yet more heartily to praiſe God for your Honour, and to pray unto God for your proſperous eſtate long to endure to the glory of Almighty God, and to your own everlaſting comfort.
WIthin foure or five dayes after Mr. Doctor Andrewes returned unto me, ſignifying that all that was done was miſtaken, for that was not the ſubmiſſion that was meant of me, but another. Which when I had peruſed I ſound it the ſame (onelyonly the laſt clauſe left out) which was oſtered mee by the Judges at the Aſſiſes. And he ſaid the Clarke to whom the making of the letter to Mr. Nowel putting in one for another. And becauſe I utterly refuſed to conſult of it, as having yeelded before to ſo much as I might hee prayed me to underſtand what I tooke exceptions againſt and for what Reaſons. So wee entred into many diſcourſes, as firſt how the Diſcipline could be ſaid to be againſt the Queenes Prerogative Royall ſeeing it was (as I ſaid I did beleeve) expreſſed in the Scriptures whereby all lawfull priviledges of Princes are warranted. Then we debeted whether the Supremacy of a chriſtian Prince be the ſame with an Heathen, or diverſe from it. After that whether the authority of Princes in making Church laws be dejurt, or de facto only. And laſtly of the moſt points of diſcipline. Thus we continued 5 or 6 hours, and at laſt he would have no anſwer of me then, but he prayed me to adviſe of it, for he would come againe. I anſwered, that the oftner he came the welcomer he ſhould be, but I told him I would not accept of it, yet hee came twice after and tooke my reaſons of my refuſall to yeeld thereunto, and promiſing me all the favour he could procure me, he departed.
After this the Aſſiſes approaching, and the generall report being that it would go hard with me. I being deſirous to uſe any good meanes, did not onelyonly ſolicite the Earle of Eſſex, and Sir Walter Rawleigh, who had heretofore dealt for mee, but alſo I was adviſed to write againe unto Mr. Nowell, earneſtly charging him to take my caſe to heart, ſeeing he had promiſed to procure me favour, whereupon I wrote unto him this letter following.
RIght Worſhipfull Mr. Nowell, as I did rejoyce when I perceived that you were imployed to deale with mee about my ſubmiſsion, becauſe of that Reverend eſtimation that you have bin ſo long of among the Worthies in the Church of God, hoping, that I I ſhould have found thereby, ſome comfortable meanes of meditation unto authority for my releaſe, ſo I am now occaiſoned to feare that all that credit with you are of, ſhall be uſed as an inſtrument to further and haſten extremity upon me. For ſo much time being paſſed ſince I voluntarily yeelded to that ſubmiſsion which you brought unto me and no liberty appearing from any place, but rather that being given out, that my ſubmiſsion ſhall be a ſpeciall meanes to haſten my death, and no way to procure my liberty, I am conſtrained to write unto you, to let you underſtand, that as I looke for that end the next weeke at the Aſsiſes at Kingſton (where I have been a Preacher) which hath ſo long bin threatned, but (to the doubling of my torments deferred, whereunto (I doubt not the Lord will ſtrengthen me, as graciouſly he hath hitherto done. So I pray you as you will anſwer unto God for my blood, which I am perſwaded your credit being imployed to the uttermoſt (as in the word and faith of a Chriſtian you promiſed) might have preſerved that you would ſo take my caſe to heart, as it may inforce you to leave no ſtone unturned which may either further my liberty, or at leſt cleere your conſcience from being any way acceſſary to my death. For it will one day bee an heavy thing to your heart, to thinke that you ſhould be ſet on worke, and the accompt that is worthily made of you, imployed under pretence, yea and as it were with aſſurance of life and liberty, to draw that from a Preacher and Profeſſor of the goſpel which afterward ſhall be uſed to haſten his end: and you will ſay it had bin better that you had never bin of any reckoning, then to bee made an Inſtrument to further ſuch an action. This I write unto you not in any troubled affection with the feare of death, for I thanke God I am willing to end my daies, and (if it pleaſe the Lord) even in this manner and hope that my death ſhall further the cauſe, for which I ſuffer more then my life. But leſt I ſhould neglect any meanes which might ſeeme to be a furtherance to prevent the ſame, or leave that dutie unperformed unto you, which I take my ſelfe in conſcience bound to diſcharge, the Lord make us willing and able to diſcharge every good dutie, that he enjoyneth us to his glory, the good of his Church, and our own comfort, whether by l…fe or death.
About the ſame time came a Letter from the King of Scotland to a Scotiſh Merchant, one Mr. Iohnſon lying in London, to be delivered to her Majeſty (as was ſaid) being written in my behalfe, as he had done once before when I was cloſe priſoner; this Letter did the Merchant deliver to her Majeſty, and the Dean of Pauls upon my Letter went to the Councell, whereby whatſoever was wrought, as ſoone as the Judges heard that I was brought to Kingſtone where the Aſſiſes were then kept, I was immediately returned unto the White-Lyon in the evening before the firſt day thereof. Afterward Mr. Iohnſon had the Copy of the Kings Letter ſent unto him, which then appeared to be written not for me alone, but alſo for the reſt of my Brethren the Miniſters in priſon for the ſame cauſe of Diſcipline, the tenor of which Letter here followeth.
RIght Excellent high and mighty Princeſſe, our deareſt Siſter and Couſen, in our heartieſt manner we recommend us unto you: Heareing of the apprehenſion of Mr. Udall and Mr. Cartwright and certaine other Miniſters of the Evangell within your Realme, of whoſe good erudition and fruitfull travells in the Church we heare a very credible commendation; howſoever that their diverſitie from the Biſhops and others of your Clergy, in matters touching them in conſcience, hath bin a meane by their dilation to worke them your miſliking; at this preſent we cannot (weighing the duty which we owe to ſuch as are afflicted for their conſcience in that profeſsion) but by our moſt effectuous and earneſt Letter interpone us at your hands to any harder uſage of them for that cauſe: Requeſting you moſt earneſtly, that for our cauſe and interceſsion it may pleaſe you to let them be relieved of their preſent ſtraite, and whatſoever further accuſation or purſuite depending on that ground, reſpecting both their former merit, in ſetting forth of the Evangell the ſimplicitie of their conſcience in this defence, which cannot well be their let by compulſion, and the great ſlander which could not faile to fall out upon their further ſtraiting for any ſuch occaſion, which we aſſure us your zeale to Religion, beſides the expectation we have of your good will to pleaſure us, will willingly accord to our requeſt, having ſuch proofes from time to time of our like diſpoſition to you, in any matters which you recommend unto us. And thus Right Excellent, Right High and Mighty Princes our deare Siſter and Cozen, we commit you to Gods good protection.
From Edenborough the 12th' Day of June. 1591.
The juſt Copy of the Kings Letter, ſent to her Majeſtie.
PReſently upon theſe things fell out that wretched matter of that lewd fellow H…cket, whereby the adverſary did take occaſion ſo to ſlander the truth and to diſgrace the Profeſſors of the ſame unto her Majeſtie, that I thought it booteleſſe to ſue. And ſo I did little til the Lord Chancellor was dead and forgotten by ſuch as were ſorry for it, ſo that about Eaſter terme following, I ſued for liberty to goe to Church, which was denyed mee being a condemned man, but by the Lord Treaſurers meanes I got a copy of my Inditement, which before I could not obtaine.
HEreupon I getting a pardon framed according to the Inditement, ſent it with a Petition by my Wife to the Councell, who referred mee to the Arch-biſhop, unto whom I both ſent diverſe Petitions and dutifull Letters, and alſo got many of my freinds both honourable perſonages and others, to ſue to him, yet could not his good will be gotten. At laſt the Turkie merchants having my conſent to goe for a time into Guynea to teach their people, that abide in that place, if they could procure my liberty ſent unto him for his conſent▪ who promiſed his good will ſo that they would be bound that I ſhould goe indeed, when I had my liberty. But when two of the Auncients of the Company went unto him for his hand thereunto, he would not yeeld it▪ unleſſe they would be bound not onelyonly that I ſhould goe (which they were willing unto) but alſo that I ſhould tarry there, till I had her Majeſties licence to come thence.
This Condition they could not yeeld unto▪ for that I denyed to go upon any ſuch ground, ſo was their ſuite and my hope of liberty at an end, ſaving that one Mr. Ca…ell who had bin the firſt beginner of it, and being to goe into Turkie did moſt affect it, moved the Deane of Pauls in it, who thereupon wrote unto my Lord Keeper, perſwading him of the conveniencie of that Journey for me, and my fitneſſe thereunto, which letter when he received he did ſo deale with the Arch-biſhop, as they both promiſing at their next meeting at Court to deale with her Majeſtie, to ſigne my pardon, that ſo I might have liberty to goe the Voyage.
FJNJS.
End of the text · John Udall, New Discovery of Old Pontifical Practices (1643)