Additional Appendix to Aurum Regina, Part 1
Inter Recorda Domini Regis Caroli secundi in Thesauro Receptae Scaccarii sui sub custodia Dominorum Commissionar. pro Thess. & Camerariorum ibidem r…man. videlicet in libro Domesdaie, sub titulo Bedefordscire, sic contin… tur ut sequitur;
TERRA REGIS. Maner. Lestone Dominicum Manerium Regis pro xlvii Hid. sc. de feod. modo. *Id ess. Tempore Regis Edwardi; stiled the Con…essor.T. R… E. non crant xxx. Hid. &c.
Inter totum redd. per annum xxii lib. ad pensum & dimid. diem ad firmam Regis. In frumento & melle & aliis rebus ad firmam pertinentibus. Ad opus Reginae ii. uncias AURI, &c.
Maner. Loit…ne, Dominicum Maner. Regis pro xxx Hid. sc. de feod. &c.
Inter totum redd. per annum xxx lib. ad pensum & dimid. diem, in frumento & melle & aliis consuetud. ad firmam Regis pertinentibus. Reginae iiii. unc. AURI, &c.
Maner. Houstone Dominicum Manerium Regis pro x. Hid. sc. de feod. &c. Inter totum redd. per annum x. lib. ad pensum & dimid. diem. De frumento & melle & alius rebus ad firmam Regis pertinentibus de minutis consuetud. & de i. summario lxv sol. de consuetud. canum lxv sol. & Reginae ii. unc. AURI. &c.
To these I shall annex that of Warwicscire;Ibidem: Tempore Regis E. Vicecomitatus de Warwic. cum burgo & cum regalibus manerils reddeb. lxv lib. & xxxvi sextaria mellis, &c. modo inter firmam regalium Maneriorum & placita Comitatus reddit per annum Clxv lib. ad pondus, & xxiii lib. pro consuetudine canum, & xx solid. pro summa…io, & x lib. pro accipitre, et C. solid. Reginae, pro gersuma, &c. That is, as our learned *Verbum Gersum…, p. 263.Sir Henry Spelman rightly expounds it in his Glossary, Pro fine, hoc est, pecunia data in pactionem, like that of AVRVM REGINAE, upon fines for Lands or Liberties granted.
Herefordscire; Terra Regis. In Len…, &c. Praepositus hujus Manerii consuetud. habeb. *Id est, Tem…ore Regis Edwardi Regis.T. R. E. ut beniente †Regina.Domina sua in Maner. praesentaret e… xviii. oras denar. ut esset ipsa laeto animo, & Dapifer & alii Ministri habeb. ab eo x. sol.
Sudrie. Terra Regis. In Chingetun Hund. Rex ten. in Dominio Chingestun, &c. De villanis hujus villae habuit, & habet Humfridus Camerarius unum villan… in custodia, causa coadunandi …anam Reginae. Which seems to be Wool reserved for the Queens Apparel, Wardrobe, and Service, being collected by her Chamberlains servant.
In Rot. Magno in the Pipe Office in the Exchequer An. 19, & 20, & 21 H. 2. rot. 9. & 22 H. 2. rot. 9. Berkescire; Adam de Gattemera (Vicecomes) reddit Compot. de tribus Annis quibus tennit Comitatum xvi l. nummo,*See Spelmanni Glossarium, Verbum Capa, & Cappa, p. 115. quod sit in calumpnia PRO CAPPA REGINAE, that is, for the Queens Cappe, Vayle, Coyf and Head attire.
Idem reddit Compot. de xxi s. & id. Quod REGINA habere solebat DE LANA ii. Maneriorum.
The like occurs in other Great Roll… during his reign. Inter Compotus de An. 21 H. 3. in Officio Remem. Thesaurarii Scac. rot. 14 dorso, Oxon. I find this Clause in the Sheriffs Account; Et xx sol. de Terra Postali, de Lana REGINAE dum ea colligit; & ix lib. xix sol. de codem, de pluribus Annis praete…itis.
In most of the Great Rolls in the Pipe Office from Anno 1. till An. 35 Henry 2. and An. 1 Iohannis Regis to 17. Tit. LONDON. & MIDD. there is this Annual payment allowed out of the Fee-farm Rents of London: Pro oleo ad LAMPAD. REGINAE, xx s. x d. or else xxx s. & v d. and oft times I find several summs of Monies allowed to the Sheriffs of London and Middles…x, PRO VESTIMENTIS or ROBIS REGINAE, Pro *Rot. Magn. An. 25 H. 2.Magna Cappa et Pallio …agno de escarletto, de bi…is et s…bellonis, &c. ad opus REGINAE, & IOCALI…US PRO REGINA.
By all which Records and Presidents, it is more the… probable, if not unquestionable, That as our ancient Saxon Kings, (to omit others) before, in, and after the Conq…rors reign, till the end of King Henry the seconds, (when Gervasius Tilberi…fi… writ his Dialogue and Chapter DE AURO REGINAE) reserved small annual summes of Gold, money, Wooll out of some of their antient Manors to their Queens, for their Ornaments, Robes, Lamps, and other uses, so they likewise conferred on them out of their Conjugal love and affection this Princely DUTY OF QUEEN-GOLD out of all considerable Voluntary Oblations, Obligations, Fines made to them, by their Nobles, Subjects, or others, to furnish them with Jewels, Plate, Rings, and other Royal Ornaments of Gold: A…d that probably from the dayes of our famous hSee Aurum Reginae, p. 9, 10. Nova Legenda Angliae, Capgrave & Ribadeniera in vita S. Helenae Reginae.QUEEN HELENA, as I apprehend: she being not only the first Christian Quéen, Empresse in the World … but also the first Queen who enjoyed, exercised this iNicephorus Callistus Hist. l. 8. cap. 31.Royal Prerogative, to COIN GOLD MONEY with her own IMAGE and Superscription, of FL. HELENA AUGUSTA, engraven thereon; (the effigies of whose Coins you may peruse at leisure in Mr. kIn folio London, 1635. p. 95, 104, 105.William Cambdens Britan… ) Who as she coined monies at Triers in France, in honor of her Sonne Constantine with his Image and Motto; so she also coyned monies with her own es…igies and Motto at London. HELENS MONEY BEING OFT-TIMES FOUND UNDER THE WALLS OF LONDON, (built by Her or her Sonne Constantine the Great at her request) as lIn his Britannia, p. 423.Mr. Cambden, and mDe Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Primordiis, p. 176.Archbishop Vsher inform us:) she being stiled in nCambdens Britannia, p. 74. Mr. Seldens Titles of Honor, ch. 6. p 112.ancient Inscriptions, VENERABILIS ET PIISSIMA AUGUSTA, REGINA, &c. Yea Canonized for a most Glorious Saint soon after her decease. Upon which account oMonasticon Anglicanum, Vol. 1. p. 97, 99.Cissa, a devout, Noble Religious Woman about the year 675, building a Monastery of Nunnes at Helneston (so called from Queen Helena, near Abbendon in Bark…shire) in honor… Sanctae Crucis & SANCTAE HELENAE dedicavit, dedicated it to the honor of St. Helena and the Crosse of Christ pBerengosus Abbas de Invent. Crucis; Nova Logendae Angliae in vita Sanctae Helenae Reginae, Ribadeniera, & others in her Life.found out by her; In which place and at Abbendon, many Crosses were afterwards found and digged up, sent thither by Constantine the Great, and this Queen Helena his Mother, as some… or as others relate, brought thither by the Christian Britains in honour of Helena and Constantine: Among which Crosses, that black Crosse (made for the most part, as was supposed, of the iron Nayles that crucified our Saviour, reserved as a sacred relique in Abbendon Abbey) was so famous and holy, Vt nullus Iuramento super …am prastito impunè & si…e periculo vita suae possit affirmare mendacium, if we credit the qIn Bibliotheca Cottoniana sub effigie Claudii, B. 6. f. 5. b. cap. 11. & Monasticon Anglic. Vol. 1. p. 99.Register and History of Abbend…n Abbey: Which Crosse (as the Monks of Abbendon report) working sundry Miracles in detecting, punishing perjuries, and lies; Volentibus fratribus …am AURO, & Argento ornari, quicquid ei in una die circa adaptabantur, totum altera decidisse & dissolutum esse videbant, nec p…tuit aliqua parte aliquando AURUM vel Arge… tum circa …am confirmari. Had the covetous Abbots, Monks of this and other Monasteries been so farr rGal 6.14.crucified to the world by Christ, or this black Crosse, as to reject all GOLD, or SILVER, like this Crosse, or as sActs 3.6. c. 8.18, 18, …9. 3 John 7.St. Peter, St. Paul and other Apostles, according to their vows, and professions of voluntary Poverty, they had never gained so Great store of Gold, Silver, and Revenues, as they did. Yea, had they, their Popes, or Prelates duly pondered Isay 44.19. to 21. Psal. 115.4. to 10. Ier. 2.27, 28. cap. 10.3, to 17. they would never have idolized, and adored with latria or divine worship the wooden Crosse whereon Christ was actually crucified, or any small chips, reliques thereof, much lesse this black Crosse, or any other bare representations thereof… nor Canonized the Crosse it self for a Saint, nor made so many Idolatrous tHorae beat… Virginis Mariae secundum usum Sarum. f. 15. Us. 34. & 57. Proces…onale ad usus insignis Eccle…ia… Sarum, f. 76, 77. 145, 146. &c. Rhemish Testament, Notes on John 8.19. sect 3. Thomas Waldensis Doctrinal… fidei, Tom. 3. Tit. 19. c. 120, 111. Dr. Raynolds, De Romanae Ecclesiae Idololatria. lib. 1. c. 1. sect. 13. lib. 2. c. 2. sect. 1, 2. c. 3. sect. 29, 81. l. …. c. 5. sect. 27, 28.Prayers, dedicated …o many Holy dayes, Churches, Chappels to it, because (as the uSee their Prayers, Homilies, Hymns, Legends in Festis Exaltationis, & Inventionis Sanctae Crucis, & Rhemists Notes on John 19. sect. 3.Romanists and Rhemists ass…rt) it was most highly sanctified by the very touching, bearing, and crucifying the body of our Lord Iesus Christ, and shedding his most precious blood thereon: Upon which grounds they have also Canonized the very Nayles that fastned Christ to, and the Spear, Souldier that pierced his side on the Crosse for Saints, praying to, and adoring them under the Names of xSee Ribadeniera Fleurs des Vies des Saincts, part 1. p. 333. & Martyrologium Romanum.St. Cloe, Eloy, and St. Longis For which very reasons, they ought to Canonize, adore, and pray to the Archtraytor Iudas, Pontiu… Pilate, the Chief Priests, Iewes, and Soldiers, who Mat. 26.48, 49.67. c. 27.26. to 37. Mar. c. 14 & 15. John c. 19 & 20.kissed, touched, apprehended, buffeted our Saviors sacred body, stripped off his Coat, Garments from it, and parted them amongst them, then crucified him, pierced his hands, feet, side, and shed his blood on the Crosse, (which could have effected nought without them) and likewise those Apostate Christians, who soon after by their Apostacy yHebr. 6.6. c. 10.29.crucifyed to themselves the Sonne of God afresh, and put him to open shame; as the most m…ritorius holy Saints: when as zActs 2.23.36. c. 3.13, 14, 15. c. 4.10. Luke 24.7.20. 1 Cor. 2.8. 2 Thess. 2.16, 17. Rev. 11.8.St. Peter, St. Paul and the whole tenor of the Gospel resolve, the crucifying and killing of our Saviour Christ the Prince of life… and Lord of glory on the Crosse, to be the most execrable, hainous, unholy, greatest …nne, wickednesse, ever acted in the world … and therefore cannot possibly sanctify, canonize, deifie either the Crosse, Nayls, spear, or persons which crucifi…d and slew him: nor be a just, rational, Christian ground to give any divin… or religious adoration to the Crosse or them. But to revert from Queen Helena and the Crosse, to AURUM REGINAE.
The first and ancientest Great Roll now ext…nt in the Pipe Office in the Exchequer, K. Henry 1.is that de Anno 18 Regis Henrici 1. (not Anno 5 Regis Stephani, as Sir Simon de Ewes hath indorsed it,) as is most apparent by Rot. 5. London, wherein there is an allowance demanded by the Sheriffs of London; De oleo ad ardend. ante sepulchrum Regina; Et de pannis super sepulchrum Regina, to wit, of Q…een Ma…de, King Henry the 1. his first wife, who aMat. West. Mat. Paris, Hoveden, Holinsh…d, Speed, and others.died and was interred at Westminster in his 18 year, Anno Dom. 1118.) And likewise by the Oblata, fines, summes due and paid to the King from Herva…s Bishop of Ely, in this Great Roll, in Grentzburgeschira, for himself and his Nephew, whose See of Ely was first erected, and himself bMat. Paris, Ma…. Westm. Hen. Huntindon, & others An. …109. & 1133. Godwins Catalogue of Bishops, p. 201, 202.created first Bishop thereof by King Henry the 1. An. 1109. being the 9th year of his reign, he deceasing 2. years before King Henry the 1. and 7. years before the 5th. of King Stephen who usurped the Crown, as ou… Historians expresly relate. In this first Great Roll I met with these two particulars, which seem to me to relate to this Duty of Queen-gold, by the proportions in them between the Marks of Silver and Gold.
Rot. 1. Oxenfordscire & Nottinghamscira, Robertus de Colt & Walterus filius su…s redd. Comp. de C. marc. Argenti, & 1. m. AURI pro concessione ter…ae L…owini Chedde: in Thesauro xx m. in argento, & debet quater xx m. argenti & i. m. AURI.
Ro…. 13… Berchescira & Windescir…, W…l…ru… Croc … reddit. Comp. de CC. m. Argenti, & ii. m. AURI, pro filio Herb…rt. cum maritagio suo … in thesauro xx. m. Argenti, & debet C quater 20. m. Argenti, & ii. m. AURI. Which proportions agree with those in Gerva…ius Tilb…riensis his Chapter. DE AURO REGINAE, and accrued to the King by his Queens decease that year as I conjecture, though not expressed in the Roll (which is only a brief abstract) though probably mentioned in the Writs to levy it, not now extant.
Upon my diligent perusal of all the Great Rolls in the raigns of King Henry the 2. and King Iohn in the Pipe Office in the Kings Exchequer at Westminster, I can finde no expresse mention nor Account of AVRUM REGINAE, nor processe issued to Sheriffs to levy this Duty, from the first year of King Henry the 2. to the 9th of King Iohns reign; though then due, payable, and actually paid to our Queen Consosts, per consuetudinem regni, either in specie, Cups of gold, or other things of equal value in lie… thereof, as the dAurum Reginae, p. 8, 9, …0.44, 46, 62, 63… 104.105.premised passages of Gervasius Tilberiensis, (under Treasurer of the Exchequer to Roger Bishop of Salisbury, An. 27 H. 2.) and presidents evidence. The reason whereof I conceive to be, that this Debt to the Queen was not ordered to be paid, nor accounted for in the Exchequer to the King, but severed and kept apart from the Kings debts by the Queens Officers, as Gervasius Tilberiensis informs us, till the 9th year of King Iohn; who then by his eClaus. 9 Johan. Regis, m. 10. in Turri London; & Aurum Reginae, p. 11, 12, 13.105, 106.Writ to the Barons expresly ordered, Quod volumus, ut DE CAETERO, reddatur AURUM REGINAE ad Scaccarium nostrum; et quod inde audiatis Compotum sicut de aliis debitis nostris; Whereupon in the Great Rolls Annis 10, 11, 12, 13. 14, & 17 Iohannis, this Duty was particularly mentioned, accounted for, charged, and levyed as a Debt by Sheriffs and others, under the expresse Title of AVRVM REGINAE; and so in succeeding Kings reigns.
K. Henry 3.Upon my search and perusal of the antient Records in the Lord Treasurers Remembrancers Office in the Exchequer, I found but one in K. Iohns reign, but many in K. Henry the seconds. And, Inter Communia de Termino Sancti Michaelis Anno 21 Henrici Regis, filii Regis Johannis, incipiente 22. in Offic. R…. Thesaurarii in Scac. I found these memorable Records concerning AVRVM REGINAE, respited and installed in the Exchequer by the King himself.
Ibidem Rot. 1. intus. Warr. Pro Patricio de Chaurtes.Sciatis, quod concessimus Patricio de Chaurtes, quod in fine quingentarum marcarum quem fecit, &c. (4) pro habenda sai…na pro haereditate sua, non obstante eo quod infra aetatem est, &c. ineatur finis ducentarum marc. quem Paganus de Chaurtes pater ejus nobiscum prius fecerat, pro (4) custodia tetrarum quae fuerunt Margeria de la Forte, et …ic non debet praefatus Patricius (3) nist tantum 50 l. pro AVRO REGINAE ratione praedictarum …recentarum librarum; de quibus 50 l. concessimus ei, quod reddat nobis per annum … l. scilicet C. solidos ad festum Sancti Michaelis, & C. solidos ad Pasch.
Ibid. Rot. 1. do…so. Su…sex & Surr.Eodem Term. Henricus filus Nicholai (5) habet respectum usque in Crastinum Animarum de 4. marc. de AVRO REGINAE, excepta, &c. et Aver. &c.
Rot. 5. dorso. inter Essex & Hertford.Inter Communia de Termino Sancti Hillarii, Anno 22 H. 3. dors…. Thomas fil. Aucheri habet respectum usque in Crastinum Clausi Pasch. de dimid. …. marc. de remanent. xv mar. pro Transgressione Forestae, et de AVRO REGINAE pro (4) eodem fine. Et mandatum est Vic. quod accepta securitate pro eodem fine Averia su…, &c. T. A. Archid. Salop. 27 die Ian.
Mandatum est Vic. quod Thomas fil. Thom… Brian finem fecit cum Rege pro xx mar. (4) pro habenda sei…ina terr…rum quae fuerunt patris sui,Eodem Term. Rot. 6. intus. Ibid. Rot. 6. intus Hereford. pro quo fine debet Reginae ii. mar. pro AURO SUO, & quod si dictus Thomas vel alius pro eo duas marcas pro dicto AVRO solverit, amplius ab eo occa…ione dicti AVRI non e…g…tur; et si quid amplius ab eo ea occasione recipitur, id ei r…d…tur. T. Willielm… Archid…c. Salop. 3 die F…br.