Exposition of the Shorter Catechism, Question 57 - 59
Of the Sabbath.
Quest. 57. WHich is the fourth Commandment?
A. The fourth Commandment is, [Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy: Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work; but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God; in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy Son, nor thy Daughter, thy Man-servant, nor thy Maid-servant, nor thy Cattle, nor thy Stranger which is within thy Gates: For in six dayes the Lord made Heaven and Earth, the Sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day, wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day, and hallowed it.]
Quest. 58. What is required in the fourth Commandment?
A. The fourth Commandment requireth the keeping holy to God, such set time as he hath appointed in his Word, expresly one whole day in seven, to be an holy Sabbath unto the Lord.
Quest. 59. Which day of the seven hath God appointed to be the weekly Sabbath?
A. From the beginning of the World to the Resurrection of Christ, God hath appointed the seventh day of the week to be the weekly Sabbath; and the first day of the week ever since, to continue to the end of the World, which is the Christian Sabbath.
Q. 1. What special marks of honour hath God set upon this fourth Commandment?
A. God hath set four peculiar marks of honour on it.
(1.) It is the largest of all the Commands.
(2.) It hath a solemn Memento prefixed to it.
(3.) It is delivered both positively and negatively, which the rest are not. And,
(4.) It is enforced with more Arguments to strengthen the Command on us, than any other.
Q. 2. W…y will God have a Sabbath observed on Earth?
A. God will have a Sabbath on Earth, to give us therein an Emblem of that Eternal Sabbath in Heaven, wherein his people shall be serving him, and praising him without interruption, or mixture of any other business throughout Eternity; H…b. 4.9. There remaineth therefore a rest to the people of God.
Q 3. For what other Reasons will God have a Sabbath?
A. He will have a Sabbath for the honour of his name, Isa. 58.13. If thou turn away thy foot from the sabbath, from doing thy p…easure on my holy day, and call the sabbath a delight, the holy of the Lord, honourable, and shalt honour him, not doing thine own ways, nor finding thine own pleasure, nor speaking thine own words. For the good of Mens Souls; Mark 2.27. And he said unto them, the sabbath was made for man, not man for the sabbath. And in mercy to the Bodies of Men and Beasts.
Q. 4. Is this Commandment Moral and Perpetual, or Ceremonial and Temporary?
A. It is, and must needs be Moral, and not Ceremonial; because all the Reasons that enforce it, are perpetual, and the Sabbath continued, when the Ceremonial Law ceased, and was vanished; Matth. 24.20. But pray ye, that your flight be not in the winter, neither on the sabbath day.
Q. 5. What day of the seven is the Christian Sabbath?
A. The first day of the Week is our Sabbath, since the Resurrection of Christ. This is the day which was foretold to be our Sabbath; Psal. 118.24. This is the day which the Lord hath made; we will rejoyce and be glad in it. The Lord hath marked it for himself by setting his own Name on it; Rev. 1.10. I was in the Spirit on the Lords day. And the Apostles and Primitive Church constantly set it apart to Religious uses and ends; Acts 20.7. And upon the first day of the week, when the disciples came together to break bread, Paul preached unto them, &c. 1 Cor. 16.2. VponUpon the first day of the week, let every one of you lay by him in store, as God hath prospered him, that there be no gatherings when I come.
Q. 6. When doth the Christian Sabbath begin?
A. It appears that this day is not to be reckoned from evening to evening, but from morning to morning; because the Christian Sabbath must begin, when the Jewish Sabbath ended, but that ended towards the morning; Matth. 28.1. In the end of the sabbath, as it began to dawn, towards the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalene, and the other Mary to see the sepulchre.
Q. 7. What is the ground of changing the day?
A. The solemn commemoration of our Redemption by the Resurrection of Christ from the dead, is the ground of translating the Sabbath from the seventh to the first day of the Week; Psal. 118.24. This is the day which the Lord hath made; we will rejoyce, and be glad in it. Mark 16.9. Now when Iesus was risen early the first day of the week, he appeared first to Mary Magdalene, out of whom he had cast seven devils.
Q. 8. Is it the whole day, or only some hours of the day that are set apart for God?
A. Not a part, but the whole day is the Lords; and it is as dangerous to halve it with God in point of time, as it was for Annanias and Sapphira to halve their dedicated Goods, and bring in but a part. Remember that thou keep holy the sabbath day, is the Command.
Q. 9. Is there any other day holy besides this?
A. No day but this is holy by Institution of the Lord; yet dayes of Humiliation and Thanksgiving may be lawfully set apart by men on a Call of Providence; but Popish Holy-dayes are not warrantable, nor to be observed; Gal. 4.10. Ye observe dayes, and months, and times, and years.
Q. 10. But seeing every day should be a Sabbath to a Christian, what needs any other set time?
A. Though Christians must walk every day with God, yet every day cannot be a Sabbath, because God calls us to other Duties on those dayes, but will have this to be a solemn and entire day to himself.
Q. 11. But if a man scruple the change of the Sabbath, may he not keep both dayes weekly?
A. No; for then by doing more than God requires, he breaks a plain Command, Six days shalt thou labour.
Q. 12. At what time should Christians be up, and at their Duties on the Lords day?
A. As early in the morning as their strength will permit, to prepare by private for publick Duties; yet the publick are not to be entrenched on by private Duties; Acts 10.33. —Now therefore are we all here present before God, to hear all things that are commanded thee of God.