The Novelty of Popery Opposed to the Antiquity of True Christianity, Table of contents
THE CONTENTS.
BOOK I. Treating of the Church and of her Marks, and of the authority of holy Scripture, and of Traditions.
Chap. 1. OF the nature of the queſtion of the Church. Page 1
Chap. 2. Of the word Church, and the diverſe ſignifications of the ſame. Page 3
Chap. 3. That there is a Church of elect or predeſtinate. Page 6
Chap. 4. Reaſons of the Adverſaries againſt the Church of the Elect. Page 7
Chap. 5. Reaſons of Cardinal Du Perron againſt the Church of the Elect, in the ninth ch. of his book. Page 8
Chap. 6. Whether the ſocieties of Hereticks and Sciſmaticks or Idolatrous Chriſtians, ought to be called Churches. Anſwer to Cardinal Du Perron. Page 12
Chap. 7. How that Propoſition muſt be underſtood, that out of the Church there is no Salvation. Page 13
Chap. 8. Whether the true Church be alwaies in ſight. State of the queſtion. Page 15
Chap. 9. That the Church to which we muſt joyn that we may be ſaved, is not alwaies eminent and expoſed to every ones ſight. Anſwer to the Cardinal. Page 16
Chap. 10. Places of Fathers upon that Subject. Page 18
Chap. 11. Paſſages and reaſons of the Adverſaries for the perpetual viſibility of the Church. ib.
Chap. 12. Anſwer to that queſtion made to us, Shew us where your Church was before Luther, remounting from Luther to the Apoſtles. Page 20
Chap. 13. Whether the Church can err. Page 22
Chap. 14. That the Roman Church hath erred, and erreth. Page 26
Chap. 15. Of the Antiquities of the Roman Church. A Treatiſe wherein it is ſhewed that the ceremonies of the Roman Church are deſcended from the ancient Hereticks, and that the Pagans and Jews have contributed towards them. Page 38
Chap. 16. Reaſons why Cardinal Du Perron, making little account of the three firſt ages, confines himſel to the time of the three firſt Councils. And that he ſets down unjuſt rules and ſuch as himſelf obſerveth not. Page 54
Chap. 17. Of the authority of the Church. And whether ſhe muſt have more authority with us then the holy Scripture. Opinions of the Parties. Page 55
Chap. 18. Proofs that the Word of God contained in the Holy Scriptures is above the Church, and ought to be of greater authority with us then the Church. Page 58
Chap. 19. Reaſons of our Adverſaries to the contrary. Page 60
Chap. 20. Examination of the places of the Ancients which M. Du Perron objecteth to this purpoſe. Page 63
Chap. 21. Of the Authority of the Church to interpret Scripture infallibly. Page 64
Chap. 22. Seven differences between our interpretations of Scripture and thoſe of the Roman Church. Page 67
Chap. 23. Examination of the reaſons which Cardinal Du Perron brings in the fifth chapter for the authority of the Church to interpret Scripture infallibly. Page 69
Chap. 24. Of the authority of the Church to alter that which God hath commanded in Scripture. Confutation of the Cardinal. Page 70
Chap. 25. Which and of what nature muſt the marks of the Church be. Page 72
Chap. 26. Of the true mark to diſcern the true Church. Page 73
Chap. 27. Teſtimonies of the Fathers. Confutation of the Cardinals anſwer. Page 75
Chap. 28. Reaſons of the Cardinal and others, to prove that the true doctrine and conformity to the Word of God is no mark of the true Church. Page 76
Chap. 29. That the word Catholick cannot be a mark of the true Church. Page 79
Chap. 30. Of the word Catholick, and in what ſenſe the Church is called Catholick by the Ancients. That Cardinal Du Perron hath not at all underſtood what Catholick ſignifies, nor the ſenſe of Vincentius Lirinenſis. Page 80
Chap. 31. Of holineſs in doctrine. Page 84
Chap. 32. Of the ſucceſſion of Chairs. Whether it be a mark of the true Church. And what that ſucceſſion is of which the Fathers ſpeak. Page 85
Chap. 33. What the ſucceſſion was, and what the calling of thoſe who in our Fathers time took in hand the reformation of Popery. Page 89
Chap. 34. That in the time of Jeſus Chriſt and his Apoſtles, and in the ages next to the Apoſtles, many have preacht the Word of God in the Church without ſucceſſion and without ordinary calling. Page 90
Chap. 35. A difference to be obſerved between the Office of Paſtour of the Church, and the means to enter into it. Page 92
Chap. 36. That the Popes have a falſe title, and without any Word of God to the ſucceſſion of St. Peter in the charge of Head of the Univerſal Church, and that ſuch a charge is not grounded in Gods Ordinance. Page 95
Chap. 37. Of the ſucceſſion of Popes and Cardinals. By what wayes the Popedom uſeth to be obtained. Of Schiſms. And that the Popes have no lawful ſucceſſion. Page 97
Chap. 38. Of the wayes whereby Cardinals and other Prelates come to their charges. Page 109
Chap. 39. Of the perpetual duration which M. Du Perron calls indefectibility. Page 110
Chap. 40. Of the multitude and great number. And that the multitude is not a mark of the true Church. Page 111
Chap. 41. Examination of the proofs which M. Du Perron brings to prove that the true Church had alwaies the greateſt number. Page 113
Chap. 42. Of Miracles. Page 114
Chap. 43. Of Union in the viſible Church. Page 116
Chap. 44. Whether the Univerſal Church muſt be called Roman. Page 117
Chap. 45. Of Antiquity, whether it be a mark of the true Church. Page 118
Chap. 46. Of the Fathers and antient Doctors, and of their authority. Page 120
Chap. 47. That our Adverſaries condemn the Fathers, and by conſequent cannot have them for Judges. Page 122
Chap. 48. That the Roman Church oppoſeth her ſelf to the conſent of ancient Doctors. Page 126
Chap. 49. Doctrines in which the Roman Church rejecteth every Father in particular. Page 133
Chap. 50. How far the ancient Church was from the belief which is now received in the Roman Church. Obſervations upon the 18. ch. of the firſt book of Card. Du Perron. Page 143
Chap. 51. Of the pretended power and authority of the Church to add unto Scripture. And of the unwritten Traditions. And why the Pope not only equalleth them unto, but preferreth them before the holy Scripture. Page 148
Chap. 52. That the holy Scripture containeth the whole doctrine neceſſary to Salvation. Examination of the Cardinals anſwers. Page 152
Chap. 53. Teſtimonies of Fathers of the ſufficiency of Scripture againſt unwritten Traditions. Page 153
Chap. 54. The Cardinals reaſons for Traditions againſt the perfection of Scripture. And firſt of the Traditions which he calls Moſaical and Patriarchal. Page 159
Chap. 55. Texts of the New Teſtament which Cardinal Du Perron brings for the Traditions not contained in the Scripture. Page 161
Chap. 56. Doctrines held in the Chriſtian Church, which the Cardinal ſaith not to be contained in Scripture. Page 163
Chap. 57. Of the Traditions which the Fathers allow. Page 164
Chap. 58. Of the prohibition of reading holy Scripture. Shifts of Cardinal Du Perron. Page 167
Chap. 59. Defenſe of the purity and truth of Scripture againſt the Cardinals accuſations and falſifications. Page 174
Chap. 60. Of Canonical and Apocryphal books. Proofs by Gods Word that Tobit, Judith, Maccabees, &c. are not Canonical. Page 177
Chap. 61. Untruth and errours in the Apocryphal books. Page 178
Chap. 62. That the Cardinal attributes weak objections to us and defends that which we do not impugne. Page 191
Chap. 63. That we reject not the Apocrypha becauſe they are contrary to us. And that they are rather favourable to us. ibid.
Chap. 64. Belief of the ancient Greek Church about the Canonical books. Page 193
Chap. 65. Belief of the Fathers of the Latin or Weſtern Church about the Canonical books; and that the Cardinal doth not truly repreſent it. Page 196
Chap. 66. Confutation of the Cardinals ſhifts. Page 199
Chap. 67. Of Auſtin's opinion concerning the canonical books, and of the canon of the III. Council of Carthage, upon which the Cardinal grounds himſelf. Page 204
Chap. 68. Of the canon of the holy Scriptures defined by Pope Innocent the I. And of the Decretal Epiſtle of that Innocent to Exuperius. Page 207
Chap. 69. That the Popes have put their Canons and Decrees not only in the ſame rank as Canoincal Scriptures, but above. Page 208
BOOK. II. Wherein is treated of St. Peters Primacy, and of his abode at Rome.
Chap. 1. THat the Government of the Univerſal Church, cannot and muſt not be Monarchical. State of the queſtion. page 211
Chap. 2. That St. Peter had no juriſdiction over the other Apoſtles, and was not Monarch of the Univerſal Church. Anſwer to the Cardinal. page 214
Chap. 3. Teſtimonies of Fathers upon this Subject. An excellent place of St. Ambroſe falſified by the Cardinal. And a text of the Apoſtle falſified likewiſe. page 216
Chap. 4. Examination of the text of Mat. 16.18. Thou art Peter, &c. Shifts of the Cardinal. page 218
Chap. 5. Six reaſons of the Cardinal to prove, that by this ſtone the Perſon of Peter is underſtood. page 222
Chap. 6. Other proofs brought by the Cardinal out of Scripture. page 223
Chap. 7. Of Cyprians opinion about Peters Primacy. That the Cardinal hath not underſtood it, and how all the Apoſtles have been Heads of the Univerſal Churc…. page 225
Chap. 8. Of St. Peters being at Rome. Examinations of the Cardinals reaſons. page 226
Chap. 9. The Cardinals falſifications about this matter. page 234
Advertiſement to the Reader. page 237
BOOK III. Which is the firſt part of the Hiſtory of Papacy. Wherein ſo much of the Hiſtory of the Antient Chriſtian Church is deduced from the beginning unto the year 300. of Chriſt, as will prove that then the Biſhop of Rome was not acknowledged Head of the Ʋniverſal Church.
Chap. 1. THat in the firſt age the Biſhop of Rome was not acknowledged the Head of the Univerſal Church. page 239
Chap. 2. That the Biſhop of Rome in the ſecond age was not acknowledged Head of the Univerſal Church. Vindication of Euſebius Biſhop of Ceſarea againſt the Cardinals falſe accuſations page 241
Chap. 3. That in the third age the Biſhops of Rome were not acknowledged Heads of the Univerſal Church. page 246
Chap. 4. That the Cardinal would not make uſe of the authority of the Decretals to prove the Popes Primacy in the three firſt ages. And of the authority of the ſaid Decretals. page 252
Chap. 5. The firſt cauſe why M. Du Perron would not make uſe of the Decretal Epiſtles of the Biſhops of Rome of the three firſt ages; even becauſe in many places they are contrary to the Roman Church of this time. page 253
Chap. 6. Other cauſes why the Cardinal would make no uſe of the Decretals of the three firſt ages. Of the barbarouſneſs of thoſe Decretals, and how Scripture is profaned in them. page 255
Chap. 7. Evident untruths in the Decretals of the three firſt ages. The groſs ignorance in Hiſtory, of him that coined them. page 257
Chap. 8. That many of our Adverſaries have acknowledged the untruth of thoſe Decretals. page 260
Chap. 9. Of the Popes motives for cauſing theſe falſe Decretals to be forged; and when and by whom they were forged. page 261
BOOK IV. Proving by the Hiſtory of the Biſhops of Rome from the year 300. of the Lord till two years after the death of Conſtantine the Emperour, which is the year of our Lord 340. That in all that age the Biſhop of Rome was not acknowledged Head of the Ʋniverſal Church.
Chap. 1. OF the idolatry of Marcellinus Biſhop of Rome, and of the Council of Sinueſſa. page 265
Chap. 2 Of the Judges given by Conſtantin to Cecilianus and to the Donatiſts. And of the Council of Arles. page 266
Chap. 3. Of the deliverance and eſtabliſhment of the Church under Conſtantin. page 267
Chap. 4. Of the diverſity of the Churches in obſerving the day of Easter. page 268
Chap. 5. Of the convocation of the Council of Nice; Anſwer to the Cardinal. page 269
Chap. 6. That the Biſhop of Rome did not preſide in the Council of Nice. Confutation of the Cardinals aſſertion that Hoſius was Legat of the Roman Church in that Council. page 270
Chap. 7. Of the Canon of Nice which ſets limits to the Roman Biſhoprick. And of the ſuburbicary Churches. Abſurdity of the Cardinals interpretation. page 272
Chap. 8. Of the convocation of the Council of Tyr. page 275
Chap. 9. Death of Sylveſter Biſhop of Rome. How little his authority was. ibid.
Chap. 10. Baptiſm and death of Conſtantin. ibid.
Chap. 11. How poor and weak and few are the proofs which Cardinal Du Perron brings out of the three firſt ages, till the year of Chriſt 340. to defend the Popes Primacy. page 276
Chap. 12. How our Adverſaries being deſtitute of true proofs of the Popes primacy in the time that followed next to the three firſt ages, have forged falſe Epiſtles and ſuppoſititious Decrees. page 280
Chap. 13. Of Conſtantin's donation and the untruth of if. page 282
Chap. 14. Of the Baptiſm of Conſtantin mentioned in the ſame Donation. page 286
BOOK V. Proving by the Eccleſiastical Hiſtory from the year of our Lord 340. unto the year 400. that then the Biſhop of Rome would begin to exalt himſelf, but miſſed of his attempt. And what hindrances he met with.
Chap. 1. OF the perſecutions happened to Athanaſius. And how Julius Biſhop of Rome would make himſelf Judge of his cauſe. Of the convocating, ſitting, and ſucceſs of the Council of Sardica. page 289
Chap. 2. Three points which the Cardinal finds in this Hiſtory to eſtabliſh the Popes primacy. And the falſifications which he accumulateth in this matter. page 292
Chap. 3. Of the Council of Sardica. page 297
Chap. 4. Of the convocating of the Council of Sardica. How much the Cardinal is miſtaken in it. page 300
Chap. 5. Of the Preſidency in the Council of Sardica. page 301
Chap. 6. Of Liberius Biſhop of Rome, and of the Schiſm after his death. ibid.
Chap. 7. Of the Fathers famous in that time, Hoſius, Athanaſius, Meletius, Gregory, Nazianzen. page 302
Chap. 8. Of Damaſus Biſhop of Rome, and of Baſil Archbiſhop of Ceſarea. Ignorance of the Cardinal in the Greek tongue. page 303
Chap. 9. Of Peter Biſhop of Alexandria, and of his retreat to Rome, and of Gregory Nazianzen Patriarch of Conſtantinople. page 305
Chap. 10. Of the convocating of the firſt Council of Conſtantinople, which is the ſecond Univerſal Council. How the Cardinal hath falſified the Epiſtle of the Oriental Biſhops to Damaſus Biſhop of Rome. page 306
Chap. 11. Of the invitation and requeſt of Damaſus Biſhop of Rome, whereby he deſired the Biſhops aſſembled in Council at Conſtantinople to tranſport themſelves to Rome, and come to the Council which Damaſus held there; and of the ſmall authority which the Council of Rome had in compariſon of that of Conſtantinople. The Cardinals Faults. page 307
Chap. 12. Remarkable paſſages in the Council of Conſtantinople. page 308
Chap. 13. Of Hierome, and of the title of Pontifex left by the Emperour Gratian. page 309
Chap. 14. Of the abolition of the Penitentiary Prieſt by Nectarius. page 311
Chap. 15. Of Epiphanius Biſhop of Cyprus, and of John Chryſoſtom. ibid.
Chap. 16. Of Ambroſe Biſhop of Milan, and that in his time the Church of Milan was not ſubject unto the Biſhop of Rome. page 312
Chap. 17. Contention of Paulinus and Flavianus competitours of the Patriarchat of Antioch. page 316
Chap. 18. Obſervations upon the Hiſtory of the four firſt ages. And how the Cardinal hath found nothing in it for his purpoſe. ibid.
BOOK VI. Proving by the Papal Hiſtory from the year of the Lord 400. unto the Council of Chalcedon, which is the IV. Ʋniverſal Council, held in the year 451. That in all that time the Biſhop of Rome was not acknowledged the Head of the Ʋniverſal Church.
Chap. 1. NArration of that which happened to John Chryſostom Patriarch of Conſtantinople. Page 319
Chap. 2. Of the power of the Patriarchs of the fifth age. Page 323
Chap. 3. Of the Milevitan Council, and of the prohibition there made to appeal unto Rome. The Cardinals anſwers are examined. Page 324
Chap. 4. Of the Schiſm hapned at Rome between Bonifacius and Eulatius. Page 327
Chap. 5. Of the Council of Carthage called the ſixth. Of the appeals from Africa to Rome. The remonſtrances of the Biſhops of Africa to the Biſhop of Rome upon that ſubject. Confutation of the 40. chapter of the Cardinals firſt book. Page 328
Chap. 6. Examination of the LII. chap. of the Cardinals firſt book about the above-mentioned Epiſtle of the 6. Council of Africa, written by the Fathers of the Council to Celeſtinus Biſhop of Rome, concerning the appeals from Africa to Rome. Page 331
Chap. 7. Notes upon the XLVIII. and XLIX. Chapters of the firſt book of Cardinal du Perron. His ignorance in Greek. Page 337
Chap. 8. Of St. Auſtin Biſhop of Bona in Africa. Whether he did acknowledge the Biſhop of Rome head of the Univerſal Church. And what was in his time the order and dignity of Patriarchs and Apoſtolick Sees. Page 338
Chap. 9. Of the Epiſtles of the Biſhops of Africa (of whom Auſtin was one) to Innocent the firſt Biſhop of Rome. And that our Cardinal labours without ground to turn them to his advantage. Page 341
Chap. 10. A place of Auſtins 162. Epiſtle examined. Page 344
Chap. 11. Of Neſtorius Patriarch of Conſtantinople. Of the convocating of the firſt Council of Epheſus, which was the third Univerſal. And that the Emperours by their own ſingle Authority convocated the Councils. Page 346
Chap. 12. Of the aſſembling of the firſt Council of Epheſus. The Cardinals falſifications. ibid.
Chap. 13. That none but the Emperour could or ought to convocate an Univerſal Council: And that the Biſhop of Rome did not meddle with that. Page 348
Chap. 14. Of the Patriarchs that were preſent in the firſt Council of Epheſus. And of the ſtrife between Cyrillus Patriarch of Alexandria, and John Patriarch of Antioch. Page 349
Chap. 15. Of the order of ſitting in the firſt Council of Epheſus. And in what quality Cyrillus did preſide in it. How Monſieur du Perron corrupteth that Hiſtory. Page 350
Chap. 16. Some incidencies happened in the firſt Council of Epheſus, or by occaſion of the ſame, conducing to this queſtion. Page 352
Chap. 17. Occaſion of the ſecond Council of Epheſus, and by whom it was convocated. Page 353
Chap. 18. Of the things happened in the 2. Council of Epheſus, and who preſided in it. Page 354
Chap. 19. Of the appeal of Flavianus and of Theodoret Biſhop of Cyr to Leo Biſhop of Rome; And of the appeals in general. That the Cardinal did not underſtand the nature of thoſe appeals. Page 355
Chap. 20. Of the excommunication that Dioſcorus Patriarch of Alexandria fulminated againſt Leo Biſhop of Rome; and of other cenſures pronounced againſt the Biſhop of Rome. Page 360
Chap. 21. Of the Letters, and of the Law of Valentinian the 3. And of the Law of the Emperour Leo, contrary to that of Valentinian. Page 361
Chap. 22. Of the ordination of the Patriarch of Antioch by that of Conſtantinople. Page 364
Chap. 23. Of the aſſembling of the Council of Chalcedon, which is the 4. univerſal Council. ibid
Chap. 24. Who preſided in the Council of Chalcedon. Page 365
Chap. 25. Of that which paſt in the Council of Chalcedon, and of the Canons made in the ſame about the order of the Patriarchs, and the Eccleſiaſtial Policy. Page 366
Chap. 26. Of the 28th. Canon of the Council of Chalcedon, and of the proteſtation which the Legats of Leo Biſhop of Rome made againſt it, and how they offered to falſifie a Canon of the Councel of Nice. Page 368
Chap. 27. Anſwer to the nullities which M. Du Perron brings againſt this canon of Chalcedon. Page 370
Chap. 28. Confutation of the expoſition which M. du Perron giveth to the canon of the Council of Chalcedon. Page 372
Chap. 29. Of the Acts of the council of Chalcedon, and of the little credit which ought to be given to the Tomes of the Councils, both Greek and Latin. Page 373
Chap. 30. Anſwer to the examples which Cardinal du Perron brings in the 34. ch. to prove that notwithſtanding this Canon of Chalcedon, the Biſhops of Conſtantinople have been ſubject to the Biſhop of Rome. Page 374
Chap. 31. A Summary Anſwer to the examples, poſteriour to the 4. Univerſal Council brought by the Cardinal in his 34. Chapter. Page 376
Chap. 32. A multitude of falſifications of Cardinal du Perron. Page 382
BOOK. VII. Wherein divers Controverſies are examined, handled by Cardinal du Perron in his ſecond, third, fourth, and fifth Book.
Firſt Controverſie. Of the Invocation of Saints.
Chap. 1. STate and diſtribution of the queſtion. Page 387
Chap. 2. That the glorified Saints know not all that is done in earth, and know not the hearts and thoughts of men. Confutation of the Cardinal. Page 388
Chap. 3. The opinion of the Fathers about this point. Page 391
Chap. 4. Examination of the Texts and Reaſons which the Cardinal brings to prove that the Saints know all things, ſee our thoughts, and hear our prayers: His foul dealing is laid open. Page 396
Chap. 5. What aſſurance the Roman Church hath, that the Saints whom they call upon, are true Saints. Page 399
Chap. 6. Whether Saints and Angels ought to be worſhipped. Page 402
Chap. 7. What was the opinion of the three firſt Ages, and till the midſt of the fourth, about the invocation of Saints and Angels. Page 406
Chap. 8. Vindication of Origen upon the point of Invocation of one only God, againſt the accuſations of Cardinal du Perron. Page 410
Chap. 9. A place of Origens 8. book againſt Celſus falſified by Cardinal du Perron. Page 414
Chap. 10. Reaſons why Hierome ſaid, that the Fathers writing againſt the Pagans, often write againſt their own ſenſe. Page 415
Chap. 11. Of the opinion of thoſe that condemn not Invocation of Saints, but think it unneceſſary. Page 418
Chap. 12. Opinion of the Fathers about invocation of Saints, from the year of the Lord 365. unto the fourth Council. Page 419
Chap. 13. What honour is due to Angels and deceaſed Saints, and of the worſhip of Dulia and Latria. Page 429
Chap. 14. Of the Legends of Saints. Page 433
Chap. 15. Of the Pſalter attributed to St. Bonaventure. Page 434
Second Controverſie. Of Images.
1. Chap. OF Gods Images. Page 436
2. Chap. Of the Images of Saints. Page 438
3. Chap. Reaſons of the Adverſaries for the adoration of Images. Page 448
4. Chap. That the excuſes and reaſons which our adverſaries bring for the defence of their Images, are the ſame which the Pagans alledged againſt the ancient Chriſtians. Page 449
5. Chap. When the Images of Saints were firſt brought into the Latine or Occidental Church, and of the progreſs of that abuſe. Page 451
6. Chap. Of the origine and progreſs of Images in the Greek & Oriental Churches. Page 452
Third Controverſie. In anſwer to the third inſtance of the 4. Book of Cardinal du Perron. Of Prayer for the Dead.
1. Chap. OF prayer for the dead, and of Purgatory. What Scripture ſaith of it. And of the Purgatory of the Primitive Church. Page 455
2. Chap. Of Indulgences given unto the dead, and generally of Indulgences. 46…
Fourth Controverſie. Of the Celibat of Clerks and Monks.
1. Chap. A Compariſon of continent Virginity with Matrimony. That many Prophets and Apoſtles were married. Examination of the Cardinals ſhifts. Page 469
2. Chap. That the Apoſtle Paul, 1 Cor. 7. obligeth incontinent Clerks to marry: Confutation of the Cardinals reaſons. Page 472
3. Chap. Another Text of the Apoſtle Paul, 1 Tim. 4. againſt the prohibition of marrying; examination of the Cardinals anſwers. Page 475
4. Chap. Another Text of the ſame Epiſtle, 3. chap. Page 477
5. Chap. Vindication of the aſſertion of his Majeſty of Great Britain, that Canoniſts teach that Fornication is more tolerable in the Miniſters of the Church then lawfull Matrimony. Page 479
6. Chap. Anſwer to the reaſons and teſtimonies which the Cardinal brings againſt the marriage of Clerks. Page 480
7. Chap. What was the belief of the ancient Church about the marriage of the Miniſters of the Church. The reaſons and allegations of Cardinal du Perron are examined, and ſome of his falſifications obſerved. Page 483
8. Chap. Examples of Clerks married, both Ancient and Modern. Page 492
9. Chap. Confeſſion of the Adverſaries. Page 494
10. Chap. Of the diſorders happened by the Celibat. Alſo of the Carthuſians, and of St. Francis, and his rule. Page 496
11. Chap. Of affected auſterity. Reaſons whereby the Cardinal maintaineth profeſſed ſlovenlineſs. The origine of Monks. Page 499
Fifth Controverſie. Of Faſting.
Chap. 1. THat in the queſtion of Faſting, and of Lent, M. du Perron doth not touch the ſtate of the queſtion, but diſcourſeth about things not controverted. Page 505.
Chap. 2. That as ſobriety and faſting are recommended in the word of God, ſo diſtinction of meats is condemned by the ſame. Page 507
Chap. 3. Of the cuſtom of the ancient Church about diſtinction of meats. Page 508
Chap. 4. Of ordinary Faſts upon week days, practiſed in the ancient Church, and of Saturday Faſt. Page 513
Chap. 5. Of the Faſts of Saturday, and the Lords day. Page 514
Chap. 6. Examination of the Proofs, whereby Cardinal du Perron goeth about to prove that Lent is of Divine inſtitution. Page 515
Chap. 7. That Cardinal du Perron was ignorant of the origine of Lent, and in what ſenſe that word was taken in the Antient Church. Diverſity of ancient cuſtoms in this matter. Page 516
Chap. 8. How the diſcipline of faſting in the Roman Church is full of abſurdity and abuſe. Page 521
Sixth Controverſie. Auricular Confeſſion.
1. Chap. FOur ſorts of Confeſſion in our Churches. Anſwer to the Cardidinal. Page 523
2. Chap. That the teſtimonies of the Fathers which Cardinal du Perron objecteth to us to eſtabliſh the auricular Confeſſion are to no purpoſe. Some falſifications obſerved. Page 526.
3. Chap. Of the Penitentiary Prieſt aboliſht by Nectarius. How Cardinal du Perron altereth, and corrupteth that Hiſtory. How he diſguiſeth and concealeth the doctrine of Chryſoſtom about confeſſion. Page 528
4. Chap. Why Cardinal du Perron contradicteth the Councils of Trent and Florence, making confeſſion not to be part of the Sacrament of Penitence. That Penitence cannot be called a Sacrament. Page 533
5. Chap. What we find amiſs in the auricular confeſſion of the Roman Church. Page 537
6. Chap. Examination of the 6. and 7. Chapters of the ſecond obſervation, wherein Cardinal du Perron treats of the ſecret of confeſſion, and of the danger thereby created unto the life of Kings. Page 542
Seventh Controverſie. Of the Authority and power of the Paſtors of the Church to pardon ſins. And of Sacramental abſolution.
1. Chap. HOw negligently M. du Perron treats of Sacramental abſolution. A ſummary anſwer to that he ſaith of that ſubject. Many Falſifycations are obſerved. Page 550
2. Chap. What is that pardon of ſins which the Paſtors of the Church grant, and how far their power to forgive ſins extends. And of the power of the keys. Page 556
3. Chap. That the Paſtors of the Church cannot blot out ſins before God. And cannot by pardoning ſins exempt ſinners from Gods judgement. That unto God alone, as the only judge of ſouls and conſciences, it belongeth to forgive ſins. And that the abſolution of the Prieſts of the Roman Church is void and of no vertue. Page 559
4. Chap. Proof of our doctrine by the antient Fathers; and even by the Roman Church. Page 566
5. Chap. Of the abuſe of the Keys, and of Abſolution, both that which is called Sacramental, and that which is given without the Sacrament. Page 573
Eighth Controverſie. Of Penitential ſatisfaction, where alſo is ſpoken of ſatisfaction in general.
1. Chap. DOctrine of the Roman Church about penitential ſatisfaction. Page 585
2. Chap. Of the word of ſatisfaction, State of the Queſtion. Page 590
3. Chap. That the holy Scripture makes Chriſt, and the merit of his death to be the ground of the remiſſion of ſins, as his death being the only ranſom and propitiation for our ſins. And that the Roman Church feigning to acknowledge the ſufficiency and perfection of that ſatisfaction, debaſeth and weakens it with all her power. Page 593
4. Chap. This Maxime of the Roman Church is examined, that God having forgiven the whole fault, doth not always forgive the whole pain. Page 595
5. Chap. Proofs of our adverſaries, whereby they pretend to prove that God after all the fault is forgiven, inflicteth the ſatisfactory pain. Page 598
6. Chap. That the ſatisfactions of the Roman Church derogate from Chriſts ſatisfaction, and are injurious againſt Gods Juſtce. 602. Page 602
7. Chap. Cauſes why we eſpecially reject the ſatisfactions of the pretended Sacrament of Penitence. Page 610
8. Chap. Reaſons of the Adverſaries for humane ſatisfactions. Of the application of the merit of Chriſt. And of humane merits. Page 612
9. Chap. That none can ſatisfie Gods Juſtice for another. Page 621
10. Chap. Anſwer to the Invectives of our adverſaries upon this matter. And of their reproach to this Author, that he is a Fryars Son. Page 625
11. Chap. What tyrannie the Popes have exerciſed over England for ſome Ages under colour of abſolution ann ſatisfaction. And from what horrible bondage England was delivered by the light of the Goſpel. Page 629
12. Chap. In what ſenſe the word of Penitence is taken in Scripture, and in the Fathers. Page 658
13. Chap. In what ſenſe the words of Penitence and Satisfaction are taken in the writings of the Fathers, and that the Penitence of the Ancient Church is much different from the Penitencies of the Rhman Church. Page 660
Ninth Controverſie. Of the Neceſſity of Baptiſm.
1. Chap. CArdinal du Perron's Reaſons for the abſolute neceſſity of Baptiſm. Examination of the doctrine of the Church of Rome upon that point. How they abuſe this Text, Joh. 3.5. Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the Kingdom of God. Page 664
2. Chap. Senſe of the forealledged Text, Joh. 3.5. How unworthily and unjuſtly the Cardinal dealeth with Calvin. A notable ignorance of the Cardinal. Page 671
3. Chap. How contemptible Baptiſm is in the Roman Church, and miſerably diſgraced. Page 673
4. Chap. The doctrine of our Churches, about the vertue and efficacy of Baptiſm. Page 674
5. Chap. How the Romaniſts after they have diſgraced Baptiſm, exalt it with improper praiſes. Page 675
Tenth Controverſie. Of the Sacrifice of the Euchariſt.
1. Chap. STate of the Queſtion, how M. du Perron doth not touch it, but wanders about uſeleſs diſcourſe. Page 680
2. Chap. That the Sacrifice of the Maſs was not inſtituted by Chriſt. And of the fruit and efficacy of the Sacrifice of the Maſs. Page 681
3. Chap. Examination of the Cardinals reaſons, to prove that the Fathers call the Euchariſt a Sacrifice in a proper, not in a Metaphorical ſenſe. Page 684
4. Chap. That the Fathers call the Lords Supper a Sacrifice, becauſe it is the commemoration of the Sacrifice of Chriſts death. Page 686
5. Chap. Examination of the Cardinals ſhifts. Page 690
6. Chap. Other reaſons for which the Fathers called the Lords Supper a Sacrifice. Page 692
Eleventh Controverſie. Of the real preſence of Chriſts body in the Sacrament: And of Tranſubſtantiation.
1. Chap. OF the firſt Inſtitution of the holy Sacrament of the Lords Supper. Page 694
2. Chap. That the doctrine of the real preſence, and of tranſubſtantiation, is repugnant to Chriſts inſtitution. The Cardinals reaſons are examined. Page 696
3. Chap. Of the ſenſe of the 6. chap. of Iohn, and of the ſpiritual manducation of the body of Chriſt, and how many abſurdities and inconveniencies follow the oral manducation of Chriſts fleſh taught in the Roman Church. Page 705
4. Chap. How and in what ſenſe the Fathers alledged by the Cardinal call the Sacrament the body of Chriſt, and ſay that Chriſts body is made in the Euchariſt, and that we eat his fleſh in it. Anſwer to the Cardinals depravations. Page 710
5. Chap. That the Fathers did not believe tranſubſtantiation, but believed that the ſubſtance of bread and wine remaineth after the conſecration. Page 723
6. Chap. What is the ſignification of the word Sacrament. And in what ſenſe the Fathers call the Euchariſt the body of Chriſt. Page 731
7. Chap. That the Fathers not only call that which we receive in the Euchariſt, ſign, figure, ſymbol, type, and antitype; but alſo teach that the words of the Lord are Sacramental, that is, in theſe words the name of the thing ſignified is given to the ſign. Page 732
8. Chap. Some paſſages of Auſtin, wherein he teacheth that Chriſts words. This is my body, and except you eat my fleſh, &c. are figurative. The Cardinals anſwers are examined. Page 737
9. Chap. Examination of Cardinal du Perron's anſwer, whereby he endeavours to give reaſons why the Fathers call the bread and wine of the Lords Supper, ſigns, figures, types, and ſymbols of the body and blood of Chriſt, even after the conſecration. Page 743
10. Chap. Some paſſages of the Councils upon this ſubject. Page 745
11. Chap. That the Fathers did not believe accidents without ſubject in the Euchariſt. Page 748
12. Chap. That the Fathers not only ſpeak of a Spiritual manducation, which is not done with the mouth, but alſo underſtand Chriſts words, Ioh. 6. of a Spiritual manducation. Page 751
13. Chap. That the Fathers believed not that the wicked and unbelievers, or hypocrites could eat the Lords body. Page 754
14. Chap. Confutation of two ſhifts, which the Cardinal uſeth upon all occaſions. Page 755
15. Chap. Shewing how the Fathers ſay, that the Fathers of the Old Teſtament ate the ſame meat which we eat in the Euchariſt. Page 760
16. Chap. That the Fathers believed not that the body of Chriſt is really preſent under the element of bread, but that he is in heaven only, not in earth. Page 764
17. Chap. That the Fathers acknowledge the ſame participation of the body and blood of the Lord in Baptiſm, and in the preaching of the word as in the Lords Supper. Page 767
18. Chap. After what manner the Chriſtian Church of the firſt Ages celebrated the Lords Supper. How the ancient Cuſtomes ſhew evidently that they believed not the real preſence. Page 768
19. Chap. Proofs of the cuſtoms repreſented in the chapter before. Page 771
20. Chap. Of the adoration of the Sacrament. Weakneſs of the Cardinals proofs. How he falſifieth Scripture. Examination of his allegations. Page 776
21. Chap. That in the firſt ages of the Chriſtian Church the Sacrament was not worſhipped. The Cardinals allegations and proofs are examined. Page 778
22. Chap. The Cardinals allegations out of the Fathers are examined, beginning at his allegations out of the Catecheſes of Gregory of Nyſſa. Page 783
23. Chap. Anſwer to the other allegations of the ſame chapter. Page 786
24. Chap. Anſwer to the authorities and reaſons brought by Cardinal du Perron in the 14, 15. and 16. chapters. Page 788
25. Chap. How the Cardinal ſends the Reader to a larger Book of his of the Euchariſt. That the beginning of that Book ſheweth what one ſhould think of the reſt. Page 792
Twelfth Controverſie.
Of the Communion in one kind. And of the power which Cardinal du Perron aſcribeth unto the Church, that is, to the Pope, to diſpenſe from the commandment of Chriſt. Page 793
Thirteenth Controverſie. Of private Maſſes.
Chap. 1. OF Private Maſſes. And the ſhameful traffick of the ſame. page 801
Chap. 2. That Maſſes without communicants and aſſiſtants, ſaid to the intention of a private man that prayeth for them, are repugnant unto the Word of God. page 803
Chap. 3. That the antient Church did not know private or particular Maſſes, and did not celebrate the holy Sacrament without communicants and aſſiſtants, to the intention of a particular perſon. page 805
Fourteenth Controverſie. The Antibarbarous. OR, Of unknown Language: Both in the prayers of private perſons, and in the publick Service. Where alſo the principal clauſes of the Maſs are repreſented, which might offend the people if they underſtood them.
Chap. 1. THat falſe Religions love obſcurity, but true Religion brings her doctrine to light, and keeps nothing hidden. page 810
Chap. 2. Two differences between us and the Roman Church about unknown Language. page 813
Chap. 3. Of Prayers of particular perſons in a tongue unknown to the very perſons that pray. page 814
Chap. 4. That in the Ancient Church every man prayed in his own Tongue. page 816
Chap. 5. That the publick Service in a Languge not underſtood, is contrary to the Word of God and to reaſon. page 817
Chap. 6. The ſame is proved by the example of the Church of the Old Teſtament. page 822
Chap. 7. That the ancient Chriſtian Church over all the World uſed an intelligible tongue in the publick Service. page 823
Chap. 8. Two cauſes that move the Pope and his Clergy to maintain the celebration of Maſs and of the ordinary Service in the Latin tongue. page 828
Chap. 9. A third cauſe why they will not have the Maſs to be underſtood by the people. Some clauſes of the Maſs which would offend the people if they were underſtood. ibid.
Chap. 10. Examination of the reaſons of our Adverſaries; Of Card. Du Perron eſpecially. page 836
Chap. 11. Examination of the proofs which the Cardinal brings out of Antiquity for the Service in a ſtrange tongue. page 841
Chap. 12. How Latine was brought into the Divine Service in France and Spain. page 843
Chap. 13. Of England and Germany, and how the Roman Service and the Latin tongue were received in thoſe Countries. page 846
Chap. 14. Of Africa, and how the Service in the Latine Tongue came to it. page 849
The Authors Thankſgiving to GOD for the finiſhing of this Work. page 851.