The Jewish Synagogue, Chapter 7
CHAP. VII.
How the Jewes behave themſelves in time of eating.
IN the former Chapter it is recorded, that the Maſter of the family uſeth commonly to waſh the laſt of all; and that for this reaſon, that he preſently may ſit downe at the table and ſay grace, in ſo doing, neither ſpeaking word, nor doing any other action between the waſhing of his hands and bleſſing of his meate. This they practiſe, not only that no evill may befall them in time of their repaſt, but alſo becauſe their Doctors prove it out of thoſe words of David; Lift up your hands unto the Sanctuary, Psal. 134. 2.and praiſe the Lord. For from hence theſe profound Artiſts have learned two things, the firſt whereof is this: That the hands in time of waſhing, are to be lifted up on high, leſt the water which is firſt poured upon, then and thence becomming unclean, ſliding downward ſhould pollute the fingers: The ſecond is, that ſo ſoon as the hands are waſhed and ſanctified, grace ought preſently to be ſaid, and thanks to be given.
When they are once ſeated at the table,Orach. chajim. num. 167. 82. 201. it is required that ſome fine bread in whole loaves, and ſalt alſo be ſet thereupon: Then the Maſter of the family takes a loafe in his hand and cuts it not in the middle, but in ſome other part in which it is pureſt and beſt baked; then inſtantly ſetting it aſide, laies both his hands upon it, and bleſſeth it in manner and form following. Bleſſed be thou O Lord our God, King of the whole world, who bringeth bread out of the earth. Then he breaks a bit of it, and putting it into the ſalt, or into ſome ſort of ſauce, if there bee any upon the table, preſently eates it, ſpeaking not a word, for if he doe, he is bound to ſay grace the ſecond time. The piece which he breaks off is of a good quantity, leſt he ſhould be accounted for a miſerable niggard, who deſires to be ſparing, where ſpending is ranked in the place of a good worke and laudable. It is also required, that two or three ſhould ſit together at the ſame table, for otherwiſe every one must ſay grace for himselfe. This finiſhed, he takes the bread into his hands the ſecond time, and cuts every one there preſent a ſhive of the ſame, laying it on their trencher, that every one may feed thereupon.
In the ſame manner alſo he bleſſeth the wine, eſpecially in thoſe regions where they commonly uſe to drinke it; and were not only the whole number of ten`, but three or foure are in company. It is performed in this manner: A cup brim full of wine being preſented, he takes it firſt into both his hands, then holds it in the right hand alone; yet if it bee big and weighty, hee may alſo imploy his left, ſo that hee place it below the right; This done he liſts it up above the table a hands breadth, and faſtning his eyes upon it, raiſing himſelfe a little in way of honour, ſaith, Bleſſed bee thou O Lordour God, King of the world, who haſt created the fruit of the vine. Here it is alſo provided, that when many ſit not at the ſame table, every one in particular ought to bleſſe his owne cup; where Ale or water and honey mixed together, are wont to be drunk, they uſe the ſame kind of grace. The richeſt ſort of the Jewes drinkes up the ſanctifyed cup of wine, though they carouſe their cups of Ale after it. They uſe not at any time to give ableſſing being about to drinke water.
Grace being ended, the Maſter of the family uſeth to repeat the twenty third Pſalme; after which they fall to luſtily, and feed deliciouſly, if they have wherewithall.
He that gives not thankes himſelfe, must ſay Amen to him that ſupplies the place. Hereupon it is read in the Talmud, that whoſoever ſaith Amen with an attentive and zealous minde, he is farre more worthy, and of greater eſteem, then hee that ſaith grace before or after meat. The Rabbines illuſtrate this by a ſimile taken from one that writes a letter in another mans name: For as the letter is then confirmed and ratified when it is ſealed and ſigned by the hand of another; ſo they make good and eſtablish the bleſſing given upon the meate, who ſay Amen at the ending thereof.
Salt is ſet upon the table in remembrance of their ſacrifices which were wont to be offered in the daies of old; for the table repreſents the Altar, and the meat thereon is compared to the ſacrifice; yea, it is alſo written, And every oblation of thy meate-offering,Lev. 2. 13. ſhalt thou ſeaſon with ſalt, neither ſhalt thou ſuffer the ſalt of the Covenant of thy GOD to be lacking from thy meate-offering; with all thine offerings thouſhalt offer ſalt; and therefore it is lawfull to want ſalt at the table.
The reaſon why they doe not cut and divide their bread into parcels before they bleſſe it, is, becauſe it is the poſition of their Doctors, that hereby they ſhould offend God;Psal. 10. 3. foreign seeing it is written, Ubozeah berech nietz adonai; which the Jews very handſomely tranſlate, whoſoever cuts, and gives a bleſſing offends the Lord. The Hebrew word Bozeah, never ſignifying to cut, neither admits it of any ſuch ſignification in this place, neither is it ſo tranſlated in the Germane Pſalter; but only is ſo rendered at the pleaſure of the Rabbines, as wee may read in Orach chajim, a little booke tranſlated into the Germane tongue, for the uſe of women and children; in which is briefly ſet down the plat-forme, after which their life ought to bee framed untill the end of their daies. They lay both their hands upon the bread their fingers being ſtretched out in remembrance of the ten commandements, which God gave concerning the graine, whereof the bread is made. Theſe commandements cannot bee conveniently inſerted into this place, being ſet downe in a place a little before cited.
Secondly, they do it, moved thereunto by ſome ſayings of holy writ; one whereof is this:Psal. 104.14. He bringeth forth graſſe for the cattell, and green herbes for the ſervice of men, that he may bring bread out of the earth; Another is this:Psal. 145.15. The eies of all wait upon the Lord, and thou gaveſt them their meat in due ſeaſon; the third:Deut. 8. 7, 8. The Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good land, a land of brookes and waters, of fount aines, and deeps that ſpring out of the vallies and hils. A land of wheat and harly, of vines a…d fig-trees, and pomegranates, a land of oile olive and honey. And many other ſayings of the ſame ſort, which in the originall conſiſt onelyonly of ten words, and ſo the uſuallgrace alſo conſiſts of ten words onelyonly.
In bleſſing the wine foure things are eſpecially to be taken notice of,foreign and had reſpect unto, all which are briefly comprehended in the word Chamiſchah, which is as a note of remembrance for the more eaſie retaining of them. The firſt of the word is Cheth, which notes unto us Chai, ſignifying new; intimating that the wine ought both to be new, and alſo to be poured out into the bowle from a full tankard. The ſecond letter, Mem, ſignifies Male, which is as much as full; for the cup ought to be full of wine; as it is written, O Naphtali, ſatisfied with favour, and full with the bleſſing of the Lord, Deut. 33. 23.poſſeſſe thou the weſt and the ſouth. Hence concluding, that their cup which they bleſſe in this manner, ought to bee full of wine.
If any drinke out of the foreſaid cup before grace be ſaid, it is to be filled againe out of a freſh and full tankard; if there remaine no wine at all in the tankard, then muſt that which is in the cup bee poured out into a cleane tankard, and from thence into the cup againe, and ſo it paſſeth for currant. The third letter, Schin, notes the word Schetiphah, which is ablution, intimating that the out-ſide of the cup ought to bee waſhed with cold water. The laſt letter, He, notes out the word Haddacha, which ſignifies a waſhing, intimating that the inſide of the cup ought alſo to bee waſhed with cold water. That they ought to lift up the cup with both hands from the table, they prove from the words of David, Psal: 134. 2.Lift up your hands unto the Sanctuary, and bleſs the Lord, a very doctorlike proofe indeed.
While they are at their repaſt, every one uſing a modeſt carriage, muſt think with himſelfe, that he is in the preſence of the Lord. As it is ſaid con…erning the tithes of the field,Deut. 14. 23. Ezek. 41. 22. that thou ſhalt eat before the Lord thy God. Againe, This is the table that is before the Lord.
The Maſter of the family muſt ſit a long time at the table,Tract. Berachos de benedict. expecting the approach of ſome poore perſon, to whoſe neceſſity he may communicate ſome of his broken meate. This is a good worke, and to be had in honour; for he that feeds the poore ſhall prolong his own daies, as we may read in the Talmud. Of this the Prophet ſpake, ſaying, Is not this the faſt that I have choſen, that thou deale thy bread to the hungry, and bring the poor that are caſt out, to thine houſe? No man ought to eate more then will ſuffice nature, as the Rabbines write in the Talmud, ſaying, The poore are alwaies to bee in thine houſe. Which they conſtrue in this ſence; that no man ought to eat unto ſatiety at any time, even as poor folks are wont to doe, who have not wherewithall to content their crying appetites.Tract. Berachos de ben. Bread is not to bee handled but in a pure and holy manner; for according to the Talmudiſt, a threefold honour muſt be given unto it. Firſt, no veſſell ought to be ſet upon it. Secondly, no p…atter may be underpropped with it. Thirdly, it is not lawfull to throw it after any thing. Hence whoſoever contemnes and deſpiſeth bread, ſhall fall into extreame poverty;Iob 15. 23. Tract. Cholin. cap. 8. as it is written, He ſhall wander abroad for bread. The Talmudiſts record that there is a certaine Angell ſet a purpoſe to obſerve and take notice of them, who by their negligence and incogitancy, ſuffer the bread ordained for their nouriſhment, to fall upon the ground, and to be trodden under foot, whom for their offence he brings to poverty. This Angels name is called Nabel, who upon a time watching a man very narrowly, it was his whole deſire to make him fall into want and miſery; for the accompliſhment of which his end, hee hoped that ſome time hee would leave his bread lying upon the earth, that ſo it might bee trode upon. It came to paſſe on a certaine day, that the man ſitting in the field, did eate breade upon the greene graſſe; which the Angell ſeeing, confabulates with himſelfe: Now at length I ſhall have my wiſh; for it is impoſſible for him to gather up his crums which have fallen among the graſſe, but he muſt of neceſſity leave them to be trodden under foot. The man when he had done eating, takes a ſpade, cut away the graſſe together with the crums, and caſts them both into the ſea; whence it came to paſſe that the fiſhes came and eat them up, making a meale of them. Thus were the hopes of the Angell made fruſtrate, and his voice was heard in the aire, ſaying, woe unto me, foole that I was, that this man hath drawn me from my habitation all in vaine, for I can finde no occaſion to puniſh him.
In the mean time while any man is eating and chewing his meate in his mouth,Tract. Taanis de jejunio. he ought not to ſpeake, according to the Talmud, leſt the meat should chance to slide some other way then into his throat, and be choaked by the meanes thereof: Although one ſneese at the table,Orach. chajim num. 170. yet he that eateth ought not to say God bleſſe you.
Theſe wiſe and holy Rabbines write, that Elias the Prophet is alwaies preſent at the table, and that every man hath one peculiar Angell waiting over him, who being a daily attendant at the table, notes with what devotion he gives thankes, how his words fall from him, and according to what ſquare he frames his behaviour. If they who are ſet downe to meate, commune of the things contained in the Law of God, then the Angell doth not depart from them, and their meate becomes wholſome unto them; but if they ſpend the time in fooliſh tales, or ſcurrilous relations, then hee leaves the roome, and an evill ſpirit and infortunate ſupplies his place; who, dinner and ſupper being ended, ſtirres up ſtrifes, brawls, blowes and diſeaſes; ſuch men alſo are not ſatisfied though they eate abundance; as it is written, The righteous eateth to the ſatisfying of his ſoule, Prov. 13. 25.but the belly of the wicked ſhall want. And becauſe ſuch miniſtring ſpirits, whether good or bad, are alwaies preſent at the table, thence it comes to paſſe, that no Jewes will preſume to caſt the bones and finnes of fiſhes upon one hand or other, or behind his back, leſt hee might touch and offend theſe inviſible creatures. They doe it also to this end, that the dogs under the table ſnatching at the bone, ſhould catch them by the ſhinne. In the ſame kind they never ſuffer that any knife ſhould lye upon the back with the edge upward, leſt those angelicall and ſpirituall creatures ſhould bee hurt thereby. Marrow bones are not to bee knockt upon a trencher, for hereby the evill and uncleane Spirits being rouſed up, thinke that the men are gone by the eares together, and ſo comming into the roome, annoy thoſe they find preſent: Some ſmailpiece of bread is therefore to be fitted for the receit of the marrow, which is quietly to be picked out of the bone.
In ancient times they were wont to waſh between the eatings of fleſh and fiſh; which at this day they ſeldome practiſe, onelyonly a reſpect is to be had in the opinion of the holy ones, that fleſh and fiſh bee not eaten together, but in a due method one after the other; alwaies provided hee pick his teeth, eate a piece of bread, take a draught of wine; hereby making a difference between the fleſh of fowles and fiſhes.
The knife which they uſe to cut fleſh withal they account it as an hainous offence to cut butter or cheeſe, or any thing made with milk, therewith. Milk and fleſh may not be ſet upon the Table at the ſame time neither is it permitted, that the one ſhould touch the other, con…erning which they have many ſtatutes and Ordinances; of which in another place.
Every religious man ſitting at the table ought to meditate with himſelfe, how vaine and tran…tory a thing man is; and how great a vanity meat and drinke is;Tract. de benedict. c. 1. p. 18 the leaſt part of which remaining in the man, the greateſt port on thereof is caſt out into the draught; as Martzutra di…putes upon thoſe words of the Prophet David, Psal. 32. 6.For this ſhall every one that is mercifull, foreignpray unto thee in a time when thou maiſt bee heard. The Jew rendering thoſe words, leg…th metzo, In that time when the guts are in emptying. For it is the Rabbines poſition, that he is an honeſt man, who when he eates and drinkes, thinkes withall, that he muſt be forced to evacuate his belly of what it hath received, nature that cleanly huswife willing the ſame; and yet those two words whereon they ground this their aſſertion, ſignifie, in the time when he may bee found, that is, in a fitting time, and the fitteſt time to finde the Lord, i…, when trouble and neceſſity moleſt the juſt. But to return to the matter in hand: The Jew entertaining and feeding upon the foreſaid meditations, muſt remember, that it is altogether requiſite for him to leade a temperate life, and muſ… take an eſpeciall care leſt out of a luxurious prodigall humour, hee miſpend his eſtate in sumptuous banquets, ſeeing a laudable frugality makes many rich.
If in the time of eating, a cup of wine or beere be preſented to any which is better then ordinary, hee that firſt drinkes thereof, ought to ſay this prayer: Bleſſed bee thou O Lord our God, Lord of the whole world, who art mercifull and good unto me….
Likewiſe for me…te… whi…h are not for the palate of every ruſticke, nor for every daies ſervice: Bleſſed art thou O Lord our God, who haſt created diverſitie of meates. If there bee any fruit upon the table which groweth on a tree; as grapes, figs, golden apples, olives, cheſnuts, common apples, peares, almonds, acrons, berries, or ſuch like; then he ſaith, Bleſſed art thou, O God, who haſt created the fruit of the tree; but if only thoſe which ſprung out of the earth, then hee ſaith, Blessed art thou O God, who haſt created the fruites of the earth.
Over other diſhes, that neither grow immediately out of the earth, nor yet upon any tree, as cheeſe, butter, fiſh, fleſh, milk and honey, he ſaith, Bleſſed bee God by whoſe word was created whatſoever was created. If any take an apple, or ſuch like thing into his hand and bleſſe it, yet before he eate it, if it chance to fall unto the ground, then hee ſaith, Bleſſed be thou O Name of the majeſty of his Kingdome, from hence fo…th for evermore. And this he doth, becauſe he had formerly praied in vaine, and that praier did nothing availe, having named the name of God to no purpoſe, which is an offence very hainous. If the apple fall out of his hand before he have given thankes at all, then hee ſaith, O Lord teach me thy ſtatutes. If any have put any meate into his mouth forgetting to give thanks, he muſt keep it in the ſide thereof, untill he have conferred a bleſſing thereupon; then let it deſcend into the kitchin of his ſtomack.Berachos. c. 7. p. 50. In the like manner if he have drunk wine or beere, hee muſt redeem his forgetfulnesse with an accelerated conſecrating thanksgiving. If the meat in this caſe be unchewed, he muſt take it out of his mouth againe, and ſay a praier over it. Now, it is not lawfull for any one, either to eate or drinke, without prayer and giving of thankes; ſo neither is it permitted that any enjoy a ſweet ſmell or …avour,Orach. chajim num. 116. without the exhibition of the due ſymptomes of a gratefull minde to God the Creator. If the ſmell in a ſenſe-pleaſing exhalation be evaporated from ſome ſavoury wood at the no…e, frankincenſe, cynnamon, or ſuch like; this pious ejaculation muſt proceed out of the mouth, Bleſſed be thou O God, which haſt infuſed a ſweet ſavour into trees, bringing forth …lowers. If the odours proceed from fruits, as apples and muske nuts; then they ought of ſay, Bleſſed be thou O God, who hast given ſuch a ſweet ſavour to apples. Over balſeme, or ſweet ſmelling oiles, and noſe-alluring waters, they ſay, Bleſſed be thou, O God, who createſt ſweet and well-ſmelling oyles. Over herbes, Bleſſed be thou, O God, who haſt created herbes, ſending forth odours, like unto thoſe of ſpices. If any Jew goe into an Apothecaries ſhop, or any other cloſet, where an army of odours make a forcible entrance in at the two lea…ed door of his noſe, he preſently diſgorgeth this thankſgiving; Bleſſed be thou, O God, who haſt created ſweet ſmelling odours of all ſorts; what more ſhall we ſay? This their opinion they defend tooth and naile, and this they write: That nothing whatſoever, wheresoever profered unto us, can bee lawfully enjoyed of us, unleſſe we firſt poure out a thankſgiving to God the Creator of it. Hence it comes to paſſe, that an ungratefull man is called a robber, becauſe he feares not to ſpoile God of his goods and gifts, and that with great injuſtice. This cuſtome of theirs, truly is very laudable and no way to be diſcommended, ſo it were uſed without ſuperſtition, and a mind intent upon their Maker: But they alas, in this, as in all other their actions, have more reſpect to the outward Ceremony, then the inward worke, placing all the power and virtue in the bare words, by the repetition of which, they thinke themſelves well apayed.
They leave a piece of bread upon the table,Tract. Sanhedrin▪ c. 11. which they account ſo religious a worke, that he who neglects the performance thereof, ſhall not inherit the ſmalleſt bleſſing; which the Talmudiſt proves out of thoſe words:lob 20. 21. There ſhall none of his meat be left, therefore ſhall no man looke for his goods. Which is alſo commanded in the ſecond of Chronicles; where it is recorded. Since the people began to bring the offerings into the the houſe of the Lord, we had enough to eate, and have left plenty, for the Lord hath bleſſed his people, and that which is left, is this great ſtore. Rabbi Eliezer ſaith, that a whole loafe muſt not bee left upon the table, leſt the action ſhould ſeeme to have ſome ſavour of Idolatry, as in ancient times, wherein as the Prophet Iſaiah ſaith,Isaiah 65. 11. that they forſooke the Lord, forgot his holy mountaine, prepared a table for the troope of heaven, and furniſhed the drinke offering unto that number. Now the table on which this cruſt of bread is usually left, at this day is not prepared for the ſame end and purpoſe, that it was in Eſaies dayes; for they when they had eaten and were full, then inſtead of giving of thankes, they ſpread a table for the hoaſte of heaven. But now adaies this little piece of bread is leſt upon the table, that there may be alwaies ſomething thereupon, which may be the ſubject of bleſſing; for otherwiſe the bread being all devoured, no benediction keeps any further reſidence upon the table.
Before they ſay grace after meat,Minhagin p. 6. every one takes his knife and puts it into his ſheath. The impulſive cauſe, is that which is read in the Gemarah, that when upon a certaine time, ſome had left their knives upon the table, he who was to ſay grace, when he came to thoſe words, Build againe thy holy City Jeruſalem, and that quickly in th…ſe our daies; Bleſſed be thou, O God, who doeſt build againe thy City Jeruſalem; and hereupon recalling into his remembrance the deſolations of the City and Temple, he became so ſorrowfull and melancholy, that he preſently ſnatcht one of the knives, ſtabbing himſelfe to the heart, made a way for the departure of his ſoule.
It was a cuſtome in the daies of old, that before giving of thanks aftermeat, the crums of bread ſhould bee ſwept from under the table with a beſome, as alſo to waſh their hands and mouth at the table over a baſon, not over the the top or cover of a furnace, for this was ominous, and that for this reason: That their thankſgiving and the name of God therein contained, might bee pronounced out of a pure and ſanctified mouth; but in theſe our daies (the occaſion being their ſloth and idleneſſe) they uſe not to practiſe the foreſaid things, before they ariſe from the table.
When the Jewes have eaten their fils,Grace a…ter meate. then the good man of the houſe, ſome one of the Rabbines, or ſome gueſt or ſtranger, if any ſuch bee preſent, ſaies grace after meat. Their thankſgiving is very prolixe and tedious; in which praiſing God, they thank him that he gives meate and drinke to them and all other his creatures, that hee ſuſtaines them through his goodneſſe, that he brought their fathers out of the land of of Egypt, and gave them the land of Canaan for and inheritan…e, made a covenant with them, and in giving them the law made a promiſe unto them, that he would for ever keep and defend them. They pray and beſeech him that he would have mercy upon Sion, build againe their holy Temple, and reſtore the Kingdome of David in theſe their daies; ſend them the Meſſias and Eliah the Prophet to deliver them out of the houſe of bondage; to preſerve them againſt poverty, that they may not bee forced to beg or borrow of the Chriſtians, who in their repute are men meerely fleſh and blood, poore miſerable mortals and caſt-awaies; who entertaine no commerce with their Maker; who are subject to the curſe, and utterly rejected, who ſhall dye and periſh like unto beaſts; when on the contrary, they are a holy nation, the …lock and inheritance of God himſelfe. They further pray that God would vouchſafe to fill their hands with all good things, and no… ſuffer them to bee aſhamed, but to breake the yoake of the Chriſtians from off their necks, and to bring them backe into their own land; to beſtow a bleſſing upon the houſe where in they have feaſted, and to enrich the maſter and miſtriſſe thereof, with their children, and all their poſterity, &c. To which things, every one ſaying, Amen, with attentive mindes repeating the words of David, Pſal. 34. 9, 10.O feare the Lord all yee his ſaints, for they that feare him lacke nothing. The lyons do lack and ſuffer hunger, but they that ſecke the Lord, ſhall want no manner of thing that is good. This they ſay with their mouthes ſo empty of meate, that not one crum of bread or piece of fleſh, ſtickes between their teeth, and thoſe words bind them thereunto: Let my mouth bee filled with thy praiſe and glory all the day long. Pſal. 71. 7. Orach. chajim. num. 184.Prayers are alwaies to bee ſaid in that place where dinner or ſupper is eaten. Hence the Cabbaliſts write, that whoſoever praies not in that place where any banquet is celebrated, ſhall never come unto the grave, becauſe they shall dye ſuch a death, which is never accompanied with any buriall; as, hanging, drowning, or ſuch like. There was once a time when a certaine godly and religious Jew being in the field, refreſhed and filled with wholſome meates, forgot to give thankes. When hee had been long abſent from the foreſaid place, and at length remembring he had offended in not ſaying grace; having another in his company, he ſaid unto him, that hee muſt of neceſſity returne to that place where hee had formerly taken meate, becauſe hee had left a precious toole there. Which when he had done, and praied, and given thanks, God ſhewed this miracle.
He created a golden dove which the Jew had beſtowed on him, as a reward of his honeſty and piety, in obſerving the precepts of the Talmud with ſo great diligence. This was a miracle indeed in that place, but it had been none at all in Paphlagonia, although the dove being throughly roſted, had ſ…own into his mouth. Without all doubt this miracle was done neare unto the Indian mines: For who will be ſo ſtupid, as not to believe that this dove flying from thence, and being wearied in ſlight, alighted here to reſt her ſelfe.
The Chachamim and Doctors command, that a man ſhould not make many banquets in one week, leſt he ſhould ſo carry himſelfe that every day thereof might bee accounted for an holy day; as ſome doe, who mutually inviting one another, ſay, to day you ſhall feaſt with me, ſo will I to morrow with you, &c. for the whole weeke. Of ſuch men the Cabbaliſts writing, ſay, that at ſuch banquets, an evill ſpirit called Sama…l, feaſts himſelfe,lib. …eſchis chochma c. 5. p. 6…. together with others of his ſociety, inciting the gueſts to many grand offences. Rabbi Levi in the behalfe of Rabbi Abhen, in the name of Rabbi Joſhua, ſaith, that the bellies of all those that keep ſuch revellings, eating and drinking, sporting and feaſting every week, do burſt aſunder the third after they are dead and laid in their graves, and the dung of their intrals is poured upon their faces; as it is written, I will ſprinkle the dung of your feaſts upon your faces. Which once come to paſſe, the Devils come and jeare them, ſaying; now devour that which even now thou gormandiſedſt. And here I will leave them, and proceed to a further declaration of their carriage, after they riſe from the table.