Annotations on the Pentateuch, Psalms, Song of Songs, Biblical commentary 4 · Chapter 29
CHAP. XXIX.
1 The offerings at the feast of Trumpets on the first day of the seventh monethmonth; 7 at the day of afflicting their soules, which was the tenth day of the seventh monethmonth; 12 and on the eight daies of the feast of Tabernacles, which began on the fifteenth day of the seventh monethmonth.
ANd in the seventh monethmonth, in the first day of the monethmonth, yee shall have a convocation of holinesse; yee shall not doe any servile worke: a day of blowing of trumpets shal it be unto you. And ye shal make ready a Burnt-offering for a savour of rest unto Iehovah; one bullocke, a youngling of the herd, one ramme, seven hee-lambes of the first yeare, perfect. And their Meatoffering shall be of fine flower mingled with oyle; three tenth parts for a bullocke, two tenth parts for a ramme. And one tenth part for one lambe, throughout the seven lambes. And one goat-bucke of the goats for a Sin-offering, to make atonement for you.
Beside the Burnt-offering of the monethmonth, and his Meant-offering, and the continuall Burnt-offering, and his Meat-offering, and their Drink-offerings according to their maner, for a favour of rest; a Fire-offering unto Iehovah.
And in the tenth day of this seventh monethmonth yee shall have a convocation of holinesse, and ye shall afflict your soules; ye shall not doe any worke. And yee shall offer a Burnt-offering unto Iehovah for a savour of rest; one bullocke, a youngling of the herd, one ramme, seven he-lambs, of the first yeare, perfect shall they be unto you. And their Meat-offering shall be of fine flower, mingled with oyle; three tenth parts for a bullocke, two tenth parts for one ramme. A severall tenth part for one lambe, throughout the seven lambes. One goat-bucke of the goats, for a Sin-offering, beside the Sin-offering of atonements, and the continuall Burnt-offering, and the Meat-offering of it, and their Drinke-offerings.
And in the fifteenth day of the seventh monethmonth ye shall have a convocation of holinesse; ye shall not doe any servile worke, and ye shall festivally keepe a feast unto Iehovah seven daies. And ye shall offer a Burnt-offering, a Fire-offering for a savour of rest unto Iehovah; thirteene bullocks, younglings of the herd, two rammes, fourteene hee-lambes of the first yeare, they shall be perfect. And their Meat-offering shall be of fine flower, mingled with oile; three tenth parts for one bullocke, throughout the thirteene bullocks; two tenth parts for each ramme, of the two rammes. And a severall tenth part for one lambe, throughout the fourteene lambes.
And one goat-buck of the goats for a Sinoffering, beside the continuall Burnt-offering, his Meat-offering, and his Drinke-offering.
And in the second day, twelve bullockes, younglings of the herd, two rammes, fourteene hee-lambes of the first yeare, perfect.
And their Meat-offering and their Drinkofferings, for the bullockes, for the rammes, and for the-lambes, by the number of them according to the manner. And one goat-bucke of the goats for a Sin-offering, beside the continuall Burnt-offering, and the Meatoffering thereof, and their Drinke-offerings.
And in the third day, eleven bullocks, two rammes, fourteen he-lambs of the first yeare, perfect. And their Meat-offering and their Drinke-offerings, for the bullockes, for the rammes, and for the lambs by the number of them, according to the manner. And one goat-buck for a Sin-offering, beside the continual Burnt-offering, and his Meat-offering, and his Drinke-offering.
And in the fourth day, ten bullockes, two rammes, fourteen he-lambs of the first yeare, perfect. Their Meat-offering and their Drinke-offerings, for the bullockes, for the rammes, and for the lambes, by the number of them, according to the manner. And one goat-bucke of the goats for a Sin-offering, beside the continuall Burnt-offering, his Meat-offering, and his Drinke-offering.
And in the fifth day, nine bullockes, two rammes, fourteen he-lambs of the first yeare, perfect. And their Meat-offering, and their Drinke-offerings, for the bullockes, for the rammes, and for the lambes, by the number of them, according to the manner. And one goat-bucke for a Sin-offering, beside the continuall Burnt-offering, and his Meat-offering, and his Drinke-offering.
And in the sixth day, eight bullockes, two rammes, fourteen he-lambs of the first yeare, perfect. And their Meat-offering, and their Drinke-offerings, for the bullockes, for the rammes, and for the lambes, by the number of them, according to the manner. And one goat-buck for a Sin-offering, beside the continuall Burnt-offering, his Meat-offering, and his Drinke-offering.
And in the seventh day, seven bullockes, two rammes, fourteene hee-lambs of the first yeare, perfect. And their Meat-offering, and their Drinke-offerings, for the Bullocks, for the rammes, and for the lambes, by the number of them, according to the manner.
And one goat-bucke for a Sin-offering, beside the continuall Burnt-offering, his Meatoffering, and his Drinke-offering.
In the eighth day ye shall have a solemne assembly; ye shall not doe any servile worke.
And ye shall offer a Burnt-offering, a Fireoffering for a favour of rest unto Iehovah; one bullocke, one ramme, seven hee-lambs of the first yeare, perfect. Their Meat-offering, and their Drinke-offerings, for the bullocke, for the ramme, and for the lambes, by the number of them, according to the manner.
And one goat-bucke for a Sin-offering, beside the continuall Burnt-offering, and his Meat-offering, and his Drinke-offering.
These things ye shall doe unto Iehovah in your solemne feasts, beside your vowes, and your voluntary offerings, for your Burnt-offerings, and for your Meat-offerings, and for your Drinke-offerings, and for your Peaceofferings. And Moses spake unto the sons of Israel, according to all that Iehovah commanded Moses.
Annotations.
THE seventh monethmonth] called in 1 King. 8. 2. the monethmonth Ethanim, of the Hebrewes commonly Tisri; of us, September. This monethmonth was the going out of the yeare, Exod. 23. 16. and the revolution of the yeare, Exod. 34. 22. for then the old yeare went out, and the new began, as touching the Iubilees, Levit. 25. 9, 10. and other civill affaires: but by reason of Israels comming out of Aegypt in Abib, or March, that monethmonth was made unto them the first of the moneths of the yeare, Exod. 12. 2. So the Ecclesiasticall feasts were reckoned after this order; and that which had beene the first monethmonth, is here and usually called the seventh. the first day] Hebr. the one day; of which phrase see Gen. 1. 5. blowing of trumpets] of this rite, see Levit. 23. 24. and the Annotations there.
Vers. 2. savour of rest] which the Greeke translateth, of sweet smell; the Chaldee, to be accepted with favour before the LORD. See Gen. 8. 21. one bullocke] at every new moone they were to offer two bullockes, one ramme, and seven lambes, Numb. 28. 11. the same were to be offered at this New-moone, and this one bullocke, one ramme, and seven lambes, &c. here mentioned, were added over and beside the Burnt-offering of the monethmonth, as is after expressed in vers. 6. So this day they sacrificed three bullockes, two rammes, and fourteene lambs for Burnt-offerings, and two goats for Sin, besides the two lambes for the daily oblation. For as the solemnitie was greater, by reason of the blowing of the Trumpets, (which figured the preaching of repentance and beleese in Christ, Esay 58. 1. Mark. 1. 1, 2, 3, 4.) so their service and thankfulnesse unto God was to be testified by the moe sacrifices. And if this new-moone fell to be on the Sabbath, then besides all the former oblations, they offered also the two lambes, which were added for the Sabbath, Numb. 28. 9, 10. The Order of offering is said to be thus; After the daily morning sacrifice was offered, the addition of the Sabbath was first, and after that, the addition of the new-moone; and after it, the addition of this good day (or seast) Maimony in Tamidin, chap. 9. sect. 2.
Vers. 6. their manner] Hebr. their judgement, that is, the law and ordinance prescribed of God. So in vers. 18. 21. 24. &c. VnderUnder this word manner, or judgement, the Hebrews understand the order also h…e set downe: for whereas sometimes the Sinoffering was offered first, before the Burnt-offering, Leo. 5. 7, 8, 10. in the oblations of the feast (they say) it was not so, but they offered according to the order that is written, as it is said, According to their maner. As, first the Bullocks, and after them the Rams, and after them the Lambs, and after them the Goat-buckes, although the Goat-buckes were Sin-offerings, and all those before them were Burnt-offerings. Maimony in Tamidin, chap. 9. sect. 7.
Vers. 7. the tenth day] which was the day of Atonements, Lev. 23. 27. called the Fast, Act. 27. 9. The manner of Atonement, and the service on that day, is described at large in Levit. 16. afflict your soules] with fasting and abstinence: see the Annotations on Lev. 16. 29.
Vers. 11. beside the Sin-offering of Atonements] that Goat-bucke, whose bloud was carried into the Holy place, & the body burned without the camp, Lev. 16. 9. 29. besides it, this sacrifice here cōmanded was to be offered, and besides the daily Burntoffering. On Atonement day, they offer an addition according to the addition of the beginning of the yeare [which was the first day of the seventh month, fore-mentioned in vers. 1, 2.] a bullock & a ram, and this ram is called the peoples ram; and seven lambes, all of them for Burnt-offerings, and a goat-buck for a Sinoffering, & that was eaten at evening. Moreover the congregation offered a goat-bucke for a Sin-offering which was burnt, the fellow wherof was sent away for a Scape-goat, (Lev. 16. 9, 10.) Maim. in Tamidin, c. 10. s. 1, 2. This Atonement was a lively figure of our reconciliation unto God, by the death of Christ, (as is shewed on Levit. 16.) the afflicting of their soules figured repentance and humiliation for sins, with our fellowship in the afflictions of Christ, Rom. 6. 3, 4, 6. 1 Pet. 2. 21. The sacrifices added here, signified the faith that Gods people should have in Christ sacrificed, and thankfulnesse unto God therefore, 1 Ioh. 2. 1, 2. Hebr. 10. 10. 19. 22. &c. Rom. 12. 1, 2.
Vers. 12. the fifteenth day] when the feast of Booths, or of Tabernacles did begin, which lasted sevē daies, Lev. 23. 34, 35, 36, &c. the signification of which feast is shewed in the Annotations on that place.
Vers. 13. thirteene bullockes] Whereas at the other feasts forementioned, they offered but two bullocks, one ram, and seven lambs in a day; at this, they were to offer thirteene bullocks, two rams, and fourteene lambs; both because the solemnity was greater, and at this time they had gathered in their corne and wine, and had seene the blessing of God in all their increase, and in all the workes of their hands, Deut. 16. 13, 15. therefore the Lord required moe sacrifices in signe of thankfulnesse. But Ezekiel prophesying of the daies of Christ (under whom we keepe this feast in spirit and truth, Zach. 14. 16.—19.) appointeth like sacrifices as were to be offered at the Passeover; as that the Prince should prepare seven bullocks and seven rammes daily for a Burnt-offering, &c. Ezek. 45. 23, 25.
Vers. 17. twelve bullocks] in every of the seven daies of this feast, one bullocke is abated, as on the second day twelve, on the third day eleven, vers. 20. on the fourth day ten, vers. 23. and so forward, till on the seventh day they were to offer seven bullocks, vers. 32. (all which, in seven dayes amounted to seventie bullockes) but the rammes and lambes were every day alike. By this diminishing of one bullocke every day, the Holy Ghost might teach their duty to grow in grace, and increase in sanctification: that their sinnes decreasing, the number of their sacrifices (whereby Atonement was made for their sinnes) should also decrease daily. Or it might signifie a diminishing and wearing away of the legal offerings, to lead them unto the spirituall and reasonable service, by presenting their owne bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, Rom. 12. 1.
Vers. 18. and for the lambes] the Hebrewes say that the Meat and Drink-offerings of these severall sacrifices were never to be mixed together, but the Meat and Drinke-offerings of the bullockes were by themselves, and the Meat and Drink-offerings of the rams by themselves, and of the lambes by themselves; whether they were the oblations of the congregation, or the oblations of a particular person. Maimony in Tamidin, chap. 10. sect. 15.
Vers. 35. In the eighth day] Chazkuni here observeth, that it is not said (as was of the former daies) And in the eighth day; to teach that it was a good day (or feast) by it selfe. a solemne assembly] or, generall assembly: See the notes on Lev. 23. 36.
Vers. 36. one bullocke] though this was the last, and the great day of the feast, Ioh. 7. 37. yet were the sacrifices fewer than on any other day; as if God would call them from the multitude of outward oblations to his spiritual worship, as is noted on vers. 17. And our Saviour on that day called the people from their many carnall observations (some whereof are noted on Levit. 23. 40.) unto himselfe to drinke the waters of his Spirit, Ioh. 7. 38, 39.
Vers. 39. beside your vowes, &c.] of the difference betweene Vowes and Voluntary offerings, see the Annotations on Lev. 7. 16. The sacrifices fore-mentioned the congregation of Israel was bound to offer, every thing in his day: but all men as they had either vowed, or voluntarily would, brought their sacrifices at the feasts, (especially Peace-offerings, which the owners did eat before the Lord,) that according to the blessing of God upon them, they, their children and their servants, the Levites, the stranger, the fatherlesse and the widow with them, might eat and drinke, and rejoyce before the Lord, Deut. 16. 10, 11. 14, 15. The truth and complement of all which solemnities are now fulfilled unto us by Christ, who by once offering of him-selfe, hath reconciled us unto God, and wrought our eternall redemption, and hath given us of his Spirit, whereby we know that he abideth in us, and hath placed in us the kingdome of God, which consisteth in righteousnesse and peace, and joy in the holy Ghost: That by him we should offer the sacrifice of praise to God continually, that is, the fruit of our lips, confessing to his Name, and should not forget to doe good, and to communicate, for with such sacrifices God is well pleased, Coloss. 2. 16, 17. Heb. 9. 12. 26. 28. 1 Ioh. 3. 24. Rom. 14. 17. Heb. 13. 15, 16.