The Relics of Rome, Part 28 – Part 29
Of diuine seruice, as they cal it: Mattens, Prime, and Houres, Euensong. &c.
Ringing of belles to seruice.POpe Sabiniane decreed first, that ye people should be assembled together to heare their diuine seruice at certayne houres of the day by ringyng of belles. In the yeare of our Lord. 603. Volat. Fasci. Temp. Chron. Plat. Polid, D. Barns.
An order for seruice.Pope Damasus at the instance of the Emperour Theodosius commaunded▪ S. Hierome to take an order for the seruice to be vsed in Churches, and to appoint what prayers should be sayd on eueryevery day, that there might be an vniformitie in the seruice. Whiche thing. S. Hierome did with all diligence, in somuche that he appoynted, what prayers and howe many Psalmes should be sayde eueryevery daye in the weke. When he had finished the seruice, he sent it vntounto Damasus, whiche did right well allowe it, and commaunded, that all Churches should vse that order and none other. For before that tyme euerye Churche had suche prayers appoynted, as were thought by the Elders thereof moste mete for the congregation, and serued best for the present time. In the yeare. &c. 371. Guil. Durandus. Chron.
Pope Gregorye the firste brought in Deus in adiutorium. Deus in adiutorium.&c. and ordayned it to be sayd euerye houre at seruice. In the yeare of oure Lorde. 590. Plat. Iac. Phil. Bergom. Poly.
Pope Damasus thorowe the councell of S, Hierome appoynted that Gloria patri, Gloria patriwhiche, as they write, was made at the councell of Nice, should be sayd at the ende of euerye Psalme. In the yeare of our Lord. 371. Volat. Sigeb. Polidor. Pantal.
Pope Gregory the seuenth ordayned,Psalmes. Lessons. that from Easter day vntounto the Saterdaye before the feaste of the Trinitie, there shuld be sayd at Mattens, but .iii. Psalmes and .iii. lessons onelyonly: at all other times .ix. lessons. &c. In the yere. &c. 1073. Some wryte the contrary, and ascribe thys inuention to Alcuinus, whiche was scholemaster to Charles the great. Guil. Durand. Chron.
Legendes.The Legendes or liues of Saints, that be redde in the quiere at seruice time were made by Paulus Longobardus at the desyre of Charles the great. And he appoynted conuient lessons for euerye feaste of the Sainctes thoroughout the yeare. Bergom.
Isuardus the Frenche Monke at the the desire of Charles the greate, made the booke,The Martiloge. whiche is called, the Martiloge. Iac. Phil.
Respondes Collectes.Pope Gregorye the fyrste, and Pope Gelasius brought in the Respondes and Collectes, that be sayde at Mattens. Guil. Durandus.
Himnes.Pope Damasus added the Himmes: wherof he himselfe made part, and the residue wer made by saint Hilary, saint Ambrose, and other. Guil. Durandus.
Pope Gregorye the firste deuised the Anthemes,Anthemes. and made the tune or songe vntounto them. Guil. Durand. Ioan. Laziard.
Notwithstandyng some write, that in y• tyme of Pope Euaristus Anthemes were brought into the Church by Ignatius Saint Iohn the Euangelistes disciple, yea & that by this occasion Ignatius at a tyme standing vponupon a certaine mountain heard the Aungels in Heauen singing Anthemes, He beyng moued by their example, ordayned in lyke maner that Anthemes should be songe in the churches, and Psalmes likewise after the Anthemes. In the yeare. &c. 109▪ Phil. Bergom. Tripart. Hist.
Pope Damasus ordayned,The order of ye quiere. that the quier being deuided in two parts: they should singe one verse of the Psalmes on the one side, & an other on the other side. Sigeb. Durand. Polid. Pantal.
Pope Alexander the second cōmaunded,Laus tibi. that Alleluia should not be said nor song in the churches from Septuagesima vntounto Easter euen▪ but in the steade of that, Laus tibi domine. In the yeare. &c. 1063. Nauclerus. D. Barns.
The same commaundement gaue Pope Telesphorus also, as Durand writteth. Rat. di. off.
Pope Innocent the thyrde ordayned,Te deū ▪ &c Forbiddē. that whensoeuer the Mary, or the holy Ghost, or saint Crosse is serued on the working daies, Te deum shal not be said at Mattens, nor Gloria in excelsis, & the Crede at Masse. In the yeare of oure Lord. 1195. Guil. Durand.
Psalmes singing day and nyght.Pope pontianus made a decree, that the Psalmes should be songe throughout all Churches both day and nyght. In the yeare. &c. 230. Fas. Temp. Chron.
Pope Pelagius the first commaunded first of al, that Priestes should say dayly Mattens of the day. In the yeare. &c 552. Grat. plat. polid. Chron.
Mattens of our Lady.Pope Vrban the secōd ordayned likewise, that priestes should say eueryevery day our Ladies mattēs openly in ye church: and that vponupon the Saterday the whole seruice shoulde be of our Lady. In the yeare. &c. 1086. Sabel. Ioan. Stella. Nauclerus. pol. Durand. polichron.
alleluia. &c forbidden.Pope Leo the first commaūded, that in Septuagesima, and Quadragesima, and Aduent, and Lent, Alleluya should not be song, nor Gloria in excelsis. In the yere. &c. 444. Durandus. Ioan. Stella. Iac. phil. Bergom.
Te deum.Sainct Ambrose and S. Austen made Te deum, as they waite. Catalog. Sant. Specul. Eccles. Iac. phil. Bergom.
Sainctes seruice.Pope Leo the nynth made certayne songes of the Sainctes. In the yeare. &c. 1040. Sigebertus. Chron.
Paulus Longobardus made this hymne,Vt queant laxis. vt queant laxis, with diuerse other moe at the desire of charles ye great. Bergom.
Pope Zepherinus made the Legend on Childermasse day,Legendes. whiche begynneth, Zelus quo tendat. &c. and also the Legend of the decollation of Saint Iohn Baptiste. phil. Bergom.
Pope Gregory the nynthe ordayned Salue regina to be songe in Churches with all deuotion and with all solemnitie.Salue Regina. In the yeare of oure Lorde. 1225. Blondus Crantz. The maker of this Antheme was one peter Bishop of Compostella. Guili. Durand.
Pope Siluester the second being Byshop of Rome,Sequente…. Hymnes. Respondes a certayne kynge of Fraunce, called Roberte, made thys sequence, Sancti spiritus adsit nobis gratia, and thys Hymne, Chorus nouae Hierusalem, with these respondes. O Iuda & Hierusalem, O Constantia martyrum. Corne…ius Centurio. &c. In the yeare of oure Lord. 995. Guil. Durand. Antoni. Laziardus. phil. Bergom.
Pope Leo the fourthe made these Collectes,Collectes. Deus qui beatum petrum. &c. Deus cuius dextera. &c. In the yeare of our Lord. &c. 838. Durand.
Lēt seruicePope Paule the first deuised the seruice for Lent. In the yere of our Lord 768. Chron. The same Pope also commaunded, that in the time of Lent, the diuine seruice shuld be done before the sixt houre in the morning. Ioā. Laziard.
The longe Letanie of Sainctes.Pope Gregory the fyrst ordayned the great longe Letany of Sainctes with Ora pro nobis, whiche is song on Sainct Markes daye agaynst the swelling and chyncough: and commaunded, that if should be song on that day thorowout all the worlde.A generall procession. Thys Letanye is called Septuplex Litania. For Pope Gregory in this procession begonne first at Rome, dyd in the first place set the Clergye: in the seconde, Abbotes and Monkes: in the thyrd, Abbesses with their Nūnes: in the fourth, childrē: in the fifth▪ Laymen: in the sixte, widowes: and in the seuenth, maried folke. In the yeare. &c. 590. Volat. Plat. Guil. Durand. D. Barns.
The Letany for gang dayes.Pope Leo the first beyng Byshop of Rome, or as some write, Pope Hylarye bearynge rule, Mamertus Claudius Byshop of Vienna inuented first of al those iii. Rogation dayes, that are before the feast of Christes ascention, and made ye Letanies yt are song about the stretes & fieldes on those dayes, againste earthquakes, and tempest of weather, & peril of wilde beastes, &c. And it is called the Lesse Letanye for the difference of the more & greater Letanye, which S. Gregory ordayned to be sayd or song on S. Markes daye, whereof we hauehave tofore spoken. In the yere, &c. 444. Plat. Christ. Massae. Pol. Pant.
Pope Liberius appoynted, yt there should be continual going on processions for warre,Processiōs continual. for famyne, for pestilence, for rayne, for drought & for suche other aduersities, as we be alwayes in daunger of, yt by supplications, prayers and fastings, we may escape them. In the yere, &c. 354. Guili. Durand.
Pope Agapetus appoynted ye people to goe processions on the Sondayes.Sondaye processions In the yeare of oure Lorde. 533. Volat. Plat. Petrus de natal. Fas…. Temp. Polidor. D, Barnes.
Pope Pelagius the fyrst ordayned funeralDiriges & Masses of Requiem. exequses or Diriges with masses of Requiem to be song or sayd for the dead In ye yeare, &c. 552. Plat. Pol. Grat. Chron.
Burialles.Pope Benet the third ordayned, yt the clergie shuld be present at the burial of ye Bishop, & syng Dirige for their soules and yt the byshops likewise shoulde be present at the buriall of the Clergye & sing Dirige also for their soules. In the yeare of oure Lorde. 863. Lib. Concil. Plat. Chron.
Alcuinus the Frenchman, Scholemaster (as they say) to the Emperoure Carolus Magnus, Offices of Masse.made at ye desyre of Boniface Byshop of Miguntia diuerse orisons that be sayd in the masse, and also diuerse offices of diuerse masses, Gaudeamus omnes in domino. Salue sancta parens. Requiem aeternam. &c. Iacobus. Phil. Bergom.
The same Alcuinus also made ye seruice of the Trinitye.Seruice of ye Trinity Guili. Durandus. Thomas of Aquine ye Blackefryer made the seruice for the feast of Corpus Christi at the commaundement of pope Vrban the fourth.Corpus Christi seruice. In the yeare, &c. 1262. Petrus de natal. Platina.
A certayn mā called Hermannus made these sequences, Rex omnipotens. Aue Maria, Rex omnipotens.&c, and the…r Anthemes. Alma redemptoris mater, Alma redēptoris. &c.&c, and Simon Bariona, &c. Guilielmus. Durand.
Theodosius Byshop of Aurelia made Gloria laus: and Ludouicus ye Emperour Carolus Magnus sonne commaūded yt it shoulde be song on Palme Sonday at the end of the procession in some highe and solemne place.Gloria laus Chron. Cuil. Durand. Nauclerus.
Fulbertus a Byshop made these respondes, Stirps lesse, and Solem iustitiae, and thys hymne Chorus nouae Hierusalem. Guili. Durand. Polychr. Lib, Stirps lesse Solē iustitiae. Charus nouae.6. This Byshop, as they saye, was so deuoute a man, and so deerely beloued of oure Lady the Uirgine Mary, that when he was very sore sicke, and could taste nothing, shee full graciously came downe from heauen,☜ and gaue hym sucke out of her owne breastes and by thys meanes relyeued hym, and …est…red hym to hys healthe. Libro de miraculis. B. Mariae
Athanasius Byshop of Alexandria, Quicunquae vult.made the Crede, Quicunque vult saluus esse, &c Fasc. Temp.
Stephen Byshop of Leodia made the seruice of S, Lamberte, S. Lābertes seruice, &c.& of the inuentiō of S. Stephen with the note for thē both Fasc. Temp. Christ. Massae.
Sanctus deus, Sanctus fortis, &c.This responde Sanctus deus, Sanctus fortis, &c, which is song in ye church on good fryday: a certayne childe, as they say, made & gaue cōmaundemente yt it should be song: and it was afterwarde confyrmed in the councel Calcedonense, about the yeare, &c. 444. Fascic. Tempor. Christ. Massae.
Petronius Byshop of Bononie made ye boke called Vitas patrum. Vitas patrūFasc. Temp.
Pope Theodorus the fyrst being bishop of Rome, Idosirus bishop of Hispalia in Spaine, made ye office of ye masse which is cōmonly vsed in ye cathedral churche of Hispalea. ☞In ye church, when ye priest lifteth vp ye sacrament at Masse aboue his head: The deacon standing by and turning himselfe to the people, crieth out with a loude voyce, & sayth: Videte in quem creditis. Loke vponupon him in whō ye do beleue. Agayne, when the prieste singeth at masse the pater noster ye whole quere aunswereth at the ende of eueryevery peticion in the same prayer, Amen, cō trarye to the vse of all other churches. Ioan. Laziard. Cestrens.
Osmundus Byshoppe of Salisburye, which for his exercise after hys graue studyes was wonte to write,The Ordinall. to limne and to binde bookes, made the ordinall of the seruice of the Churche, and named it the Consuetudinary. Ranulph. Cestrensis.
Petrus Heremita a french man of the city of Annias, Beades.fyrst of al deuised Beades, to saye Ladies psalters on. In the yere, &c. 1110. Chr. Pol.
Pope Calixt the thyrde made ye seruice of the transfiguration of Christ,Seruice of the transfiguration of Christ. & commaunded ye feaste to be celebrated and kept holy on the syxte daye of August. Christ. Massae.
In the councell Toletane and Gerundense, it was decreed,Cathedra… churches seruice. that ye order of masse and of other diuine seruice with the ministration of the sacramentes, yt is obserued in ye cathedrall Churche, shoulde be kepte likewyse in all other churches of the same diocesse. Lib. Concil. Durand.
In the Councell Gerundense, it was appoynted that the Pater Noster shoulde bee sayd eueryevery daye,Pater nos… after that Mattens and Euensong bee ended. Lib. Concil.
Aue Maria at noone.Pope Calixt the thirde ordayned, yt the greate bell shoulde bee tolled eueryevery day at noone, or at .xii. of ye clocke, and yt the people hearyng the sounde of the bell, should strayght wayes say an Aue Maria, in the worship of oure Ladye. In the yeare, &c. 1455. Ioannes. Stella. Phil. Bergom.
Pope Iohn the xxii. made a decree yt after euensong bee done,Tolling to the Aues. the bel should be tolled thrice, and that then oute of hande eueryevery man and woman shoulde streyghtwayes fall downe vponupon theyr knees, and say three Aue Maries, in the honour of oure blessed Ladye Sainte Marye. In the yeare of our Lord, 1302. Chronic.
Pardoned Orisons.Pope Clement the fourthe at the desire of Lewes King of Fraunce graunted three yeres of pardon toties quoties, to so many as deuoutly say these Oris…ns following.
Benedictum sit dulce nomen domini nostri Iesu Christi, & glorio sissimae virginis Mariae matris eius in aeternū & vltra. AMEN Nos cum prole pia, benedicat virgo Maria.
Which is thus englished.
Blessed be the sweete name of oure Lord Iesus Christ, & of the most glorious Uirgine Mary his mother for euer and a day longer. Sobeit. The Uirgine Mary wich her Godly childe blesse vsus. Sobeit. Fas. Temp.
Pope Boniface the eyght made thys prayer following,Pardon plentye. and hath graunted to al them yt deu…utly saye this prayer dayly before an Image of the crosse as many dayes of pardon toties quoties, as there be grauel stones in ye sea, or grasses on ye earth, or stars in ye fyrmament.
O altissima crux. O innocens sanguis. O paena magna. O Christi penuria. O profunda vulnera. O lanccae perforatio. O sanguinis fluctio. O cordis fractio. O dei amara mors O dei ueneranda dignitas: adiuua me in vitam aeternam. AMEN.
Which is thus englished.
O most highe crosse. O innocent bloude. O great payne. O the penurye of Christ. O the depe woundes. O the pearsyng thorowe of the speare. O the flowing of the bloud. O the breakyng of ye heart. O the bitter death of God. O ye worshipful dignitie of God: helpe me vntounto euerlasting life. So be it.
Of playne song, prycke song, descant, &c.
Notes.GVido Aretinus deuised first of al these sixe notes, vt, re, my, fa, sol la, In the yere, &c. 1204. Christi. Massaeus.
Plainsong.Pope Gelasius, Pope Gregory ye fyrste S. Ambrose with other, brought in fyrst of all ye playne song into the churches. Antoninus. Guili. Durand.
Pricksong. Descant.Pope Vitalian being a lustye singer and freshe couragious musition hymself, brought into the church pricksong descant, & all kynde of sweete and pleasaunt melodye. And bycause nothing should wante to delight the vayne, folysh and ye idle eares of fond & fantastical men,Organs. he ioyned ye Organs to ye curious musike. Thus was Paules preaching & Peters praying tourned into vaine singing & childysh playing, vntounto ye great losse of time, & vntounto ye vtter vndoing of Christen mens soules, whiche liue not by singing & pipyng, but by eueryevery worde yt cōmeth out of ye mouthe of God.Math. iiii,, In the yere, &c. 653. Plat. Volat. Chron. Polyd. D. Barns. Pant.