Abridgment of the Book of Acts and Monuments by Timothy Bright, Volume 2 · Book 10
The tenth Booke.
WHat time King Edward began to appeare more féeble and weake, during the time of his ſickneſſe, a marriage was concluded, and alſo ſhortly alſo vponupon the ſame ſolemnized in the monethmonth of Maie, betwéene the lord Gilford, ſonne to the duke of Northumberland, and the Lady Iane, L. Gilford and Lady Iane maried together.the duke of Suffolkes daughter: whoſe mother then being aliue, was daughter to Marie, king Henries ſecond ſiſter. And when no hope ſéemed of recouery of the King, it was brought to paſſe by the conſent, not onelyonly of the nobility; but alſo of the chiefe Lawyers of the Realme: that the King by this Teſtament, did appoint the aforeſaid Lady Iane to be Inheritrice to the crown of England: paſſing ouer his two ſiſters, Marie and Elizabeth. To this order, ſubſcribed all the Kinges Counſell and chiefe of the nobilitie: the Mayor of the citie of London, & almoſt all the iudges and chiefe Lawyers of this Realme, ſauing onelyonly Iuſtice Hales of Kent,Iuſtice Hales of Kent. a man who both fauoured religion, and was an vpright iudge, would in no caſe ſubſcribe to the Lady Iane.
When king Edwarde was dead, the xvj. yere of his age, Iane was eſtabliſhed in the kingdome, by the Nobles conſent, and ſo publiſhed in London, and in other cities. In the meane time, while theſe things were a working at Londō, Marie (who had knowledge of her brothers death) wryteth to the Lordes of the Counſell,Queen Marie writeth to the Counſel. a letter of challenge for their doing, and claime to the Crowne. To whom ye Counſell writeth againe, as to a Subiect: requiring her to holde her ſo contented. Wherby ſhe perceiuing the nobles mindes bent againſt her, flieth into the partes of Suffolke, and kéepeth her cloſe for a time, within Fremingham caſtle: where firſt of all reſorted the Suffolke men for her aid, promiſing her aid, if that ſhée would not attempt the alteration of religion, which king Edward before had eſtabliſhed.Q. Mary promiſeth to maintaine religion. VntoUnto which condition ſhée eftſoones agréed, promiſing no innouation ſhould be made in religion. So beyng garded with the power of the Goſpellers, ſhe did vanquiſh the Duke and all that came againſt her. Ridley who before by the Counſels commaundement had preached at Paules croſſe againſt her, after ſhée was proclaimed Quéene, ſped him to Fremingham, to ſalute her Quéene: and being diſpoiled of all his dignities,Ridley ſent to the Tower. was ſent backe againe on a lame horſe to the Tower.
Now being Quéene, ſhe releaſed Stephen Gardiner, Q. Mary breaketh her promiſſe. Popiſh biſhops reſtored, and the other put downe.and made him lord Chancellour of England, and B. of Wincheſter; Doctor Poynet being put out. She reſtored Boner to his Biſhopricke, and diſplaced Doctor Ridley: Doctor Day to the Biſhop of Chicheſter, Iohn Scorie beyng put out: Tunſtall to Dureſme: Doctor Heath to Worceſter, and Iohn Hooper committed to the Fléete:Hooper committed to the Fleete. Doctor Veſey to Exceter, and Myles Couerdall put out. And moreouer ſummoneth a parliament againſt the x. day of October next enſuing, and in the meane time directeth foorth an inhibition by proclamation,Proclamation againſt the word of God. that no man ſhould preach or read in the Churches openly the word of God, &c. About this time Boner being reſtored, he appointeth one Bourne a Canon in Paules to preach at the Croſſe: where hée ſo behaued himſelfe in his preaching againſt King Edward; that one hurled a dagger at the preacher,A dagger hurled at the preacher. (who it was, it could not bée knowne) and ſuch was the ſtirre, that maiſter Bradford (at the requeſt of the preachers brother) was faine to appeaſe the tumult, and himſelfe with M. Rogers to conduct the preacher betwixt them to the Grammer ſchoole dore.
By reaſon of the tumult, it was ordained that eueryevery houſholder ſhould kéepe his ſeruants and children at their owne pariſhe Churches: and that eueryevery Alderman in his warde ſhould foorthwith ſend for the Curates of eueryevery Pariſh to warne them, both to forbeare preaching themſelues, and alſo not to ſuffer any other to preach, or make any ſolemne reading in the Church, vnleſſe they were ſeuerally licenſed by the Quéene.
The next day at the ſermon the Quéenes garde was preſent to garde the preacher, and when men withdrew themſelues from the ſermon, order was takē by the Mayor, that the auncients of all companies ſhould be preſent, leaſt the preacher ſhould be diſcouraged by his ſmall audience.
Anno 1553. The x. of Auguſt was one William Ruther committed to the Marſhalſea, for vttering certaine wordes againſt M. Bourne preacher, for his ſermō made at Paules croſſe on Sunday laſt before.
The xvj. of Auguſt was Humfrey Pelden committed to the counter, for wordes againſt the ſaid Bournes ſermon at Paules croſſe: and a letter was ſent to the Shiriffes of Buckingham and Bedford, for the apprehending of one Fiſher parſon of Amerſham a preacher: and another was ſent to the B. of Norwich, not to ſuffer any preacher or other to preach or expound openly the Scriptures, without ſpeciall licence from the Quéene. The ſame day was M. Bradford, Bradford to the Tower.M. Vernon, and M. Beacon preachers, committed to the charge of the Lieftenant of the Tower.
The ſame day alſo was M. Iohn Rogers M. Iohn Rogers priſoner.preacher commaunded to kéepe himſelfe priſoner in his owne houſe at Paules, without hauing conference with any others, but thoſe of his owne houſe.
The xxij. of Auguſt there were two letters directed, one to M. Couerdall B. of Exceter, and the other to M. Hooper B. of Gloceſter, for their repaire to the Court, and there to attend the Counſels pleaſure. The ſame day, Fiſher parſon of Amerſham made his appearance before the counſell, according to the letter the xvj. of Auguſt, and was appointed the next day to bring in a note of his Sermon.
The 24. of Auguſt, one Iohn Meluin a Scot, and a preacher was ſent to Newgate by the Counſel.
The 26. of Aug. there was a letter ſent to ye Maior of Couentrie & his brethren, for the apprehenſion of one Simons of Worceſter, and the Vicar of S. Michaels in Couentrie: with a commiſſion to them, to puniſhe all ſuch, as had (by meanes of his preaching) vſed any talke againſt the Quéens procéedings.
The 29. of Auguſt, Maiſter Hooper Hooper appeareth.B. of Worceſter, made his perſonal appearance before the Counſel, according to their letters the 22. of Auguſt.
The 31. of Auguſt, M. Couerdale Couerdale appeareth.B. of Exceter, made his appearance before the Counſell, according to their letters made the 22. of Auguſt.
Anno 1553. the firſt of September, maiſter Hooper and M. Couerdale appeared againe before the Counſel: whence maiſter Hooper was committed to the Fléete,Hooper to the Fleet. and maiſtsr Couerdale to attend the Lords pleaſures.
The 2. of Sept. Hugh Sanders, Vicar of S. Michaels in Couentry, was before the Counſel for a ſermon, & commanded to appeare againe vponupon munday next following.
The 4. of Sept. a letter was directed for maiſter Hugh Latimer, to appeare before them.
About the fift day of Sept. the ſame yeere, Peter Martyr came to London from Oxford: where for a time he had béen commanded to kéepe his houſe, and found there the Archb. of Canterbury. Who offered to defende the doctrine of the booke of common prayer both by the ſcriptures and doctors, aſſiſted by Peter Martyr and a few other. But whileſt they were in hope to come to diſputations, the Archb. and others were impriſoned: but Peter Martyr was ſuffered to return whence he came.Peter Martyr returneth home whence he came. The ſame day there was a letter ſent to the Maior of Couentry to ſet Hugh Simons at libertie, if he would recant his ſermon, or els to ſtay him: and to ſignifie ſo much to the Counſel.
The 13. of September, M. Hugh Latimer appearedLatimer appeareth. before the Counſell according to their letter the 4. of September, and was committed to the tower, cloſe priſoner, hauing his ſeruant Auſtine to attend vponupon him.
The ſame day the Archbiſhop of Canterbury appearing before the Counſell, was commaunded to appeare againe the next day at after noone in the ſtarre chamber: where hauing charged him with treaſon, and ſpreading abroade ſeditious libels,Cranmer to the Tower. he was committed from thence to the tower, there to remaine till farther iuſtice, at the Quéenes pleaſure.
The 15. of September there was a letter ſent to maiſter Horne, Deane of Durham for his appearance: and another the 7. of October for his ſpéedy appearance,
The 16. of Septem. there were letters ſent to the maiors of Douer and Rye, to ſuffer all French proteſtants to paſſe out of this Realme:French proteſtants ſuffered to paſſe hence. except ſuch whoſe names ſhould be ſignified to them by the French Ambaſſadour.
The firſt day of October, Quéene Marie Mary crowned.was crowned at Weſtminſter, and the tenth day of the ſame monethmonth beganne the Parlament,A parlement. with a ſolemne maſſe of the holie Ghoſt, in the pallace of Weſtminſter. To the which among other Lords, ſhould come the Biſhops which yet remained vndepoſed: which were, the Archbiſhoppe of Yorke, Doctor Taylor of Lincolne, Iohn Harley Biſhop of Hereford: of the Biſhops, Doctor Taylor, and maiſter Harley, preſenting themſelues according to their duetie, and taking their place amongeſt the Lordes, after they ſawe the maſſe beginne, not abiding the ſight thereof, withdrew themſelues from the companie: for the which cauſe the Biſhop of Lincolne béeing examined, and proteſting his faith: was vponupon the ſame commanded to attend. Who not long after, at Anker wicke by ſickneſſe departed: Maiſter Harley, becauſe he was married, was excluded both from the Parlement, and from his Biſhopricke.
This ſtatute repealedStatutes repealed. all the ſtatutes made in the time king Henrie the viij. for Premunire, and ſtatutes made in king Edward the vj. time, for the adminiſtration of common bread, and the Sacraments in the Engliſh tongue. In this meane while, many men were forward in erecting of Altars, and Maſſes in Churches: and ſuch as would ſticke to the Lawes made in K. Edwards time, till other were eſtabliſhed, ſome of them were marked, and ſome preſently apprehēded. Among whom, ſir Iames Hales, Sir I, Hales of kent, apprehended and impriſoned.a knight in kent, and Iuſtice in the common place, was one. Who notwithſtanding he had ventured his life in Q. Maries cauſe, yet, for that he did at a Quarter Seſſions, geue charge vponupon the ſtatutes made in king Edwards time, and Henrie the eight, for the ſupremacie, and religion, he was impriſoned in the Marſhalſea, Counter, and Fléet, and ſo cruelly handled, and put in feare by talke, that he thought to ridde himſelfe out of his life, by wounding him ſelfe with a knife: and afterward was contented to ſay what they willed him. Whereupon, he was diſcharged: but after that he neuer reſted,The lamentable end of Sir Iames Hales. till he had drowned him ſelfe in a Riuer, halfe a mile from his houſe in Kent.
During the time of the parlament, the Cleargie had alſo their Conuocation, with a diſputation appointed by the Q. commaundement, at Paules, about the 18. of October. In which Conuocation, Harpsfield preached, and D. Weſton, Deane of Weſtminſter, was choſen Prolocutor.
The diſputation continued vj. dayesDiſputation of vi. dayes. about the matter of the Sacrament: wherein D. Weſton was chéefe on ye popes part. The firſt day D. Weſton inueyeth againſt the Catechiſme, and booke of Common prayer of king Edward: and ſignified, that on Friday next, the xx. of October, it ſhould be lawful for all men fréely to ſpeake their conſciences in matters of Religion.
The Friday being come, in ſteade of diſputation, the Prolocutor exhibited two ſeuerall Billes vntounto the Houſe: the one, of the naturall preſence of Chriſt in the ſacrament, and the other, that the Catechiſme was not ſet out by the houſes conſent: requiring all to ſubſcribe to theſe Billes, as he himſelfe had done. To which motion all did aſſent, ſauing the Deane of Rocheſter, the Dean of Exceter, the Archdeacon of Wincheſter, the Archdeacon of Hertforde, and the Archdeacon of Stow, and one other. And while the reſt were ſubſcribing, Iohn Philpot ſtoode vp, and declared that the Catechiſme was ſet out by the aſſent of the houſe: and as touching the poynt of naturall preſence, that it was againſt reaſon, that men ſhould ſubſcribe before the matter were diſcuſſed: and withall, deſired the Prolocutor, that he would be a meane to the Counſell, that ſome of thoſe that were the ſetters out of ye ſame catechiſme, might be brought into the houſe, to ſhew their learning that moued them to ſet forth the ſame: and that D. Ridley, & M. Rogers, with two or thrée more, might be licenſed to be preſent at this diſputation, and to be aſſociated with them. The biſhops made anſwere, it was not for them to cal ſuch perſons vntounto ye houſe, ſince ſome of them were priſoners: but they would be Petitioners in this behalfe to the Counſell: and in caſe that any were abſent, that ought to be of the houſe, they willed them to be taken in vntounto them if they liſted.
After this, they minding to hauehave entered into diſputation, worde was geuen, that the Lorde great Maſter, and the Earle of Deuonſhire woulde be preſent at the Diſputation: and therefore the Prolocutor deferred the ſame till the next Mundaye at one of the Clocke at after Noone. At which time, (many Nobles being aſſembled to heare the Diſputation,) the Prolocutor ſayde: that they of the houſe had appointed this Diſputation, not to call the trueth in doubt, the which they had all ſubſcribed, ſauing fiue or ſixe: but that thoſe gaineſayers might be reſolued.
Then hée demaunded of Maſter Haddon, whether hée woulde reaſon againſt the queſtions propoſed. To whome he anſwered, hée would; ſeing the requeſt for thoſe learned men to aſſiſt would not bée graunted: and ſo aunſwered M. Elmer, and ſaid, that little or nothing it might auaile for the trueth, ſince now all they were determined to the contrarie. After this he demaunded of Maiſter Cheney, who allowed of the preſence, but denied the tranſubſtantiation. Maſter Cheney anſwered, he would gladly hauehave his doubts reſolued on that point: and ſo propounding his doubts, the Prolocutor aſſigned M. Mooreman to aunſwere. By this meanes Maiſter Elmer was driuen to ſtand vp, and ſo M. Philpot, who reaſoned againſt M. Mooreman and grauelled him. Then ſtood vp the deane of Rocheſter, M. Philpot, who diſputed of the real preſence: whom Weſton anſwered, and Watſon tooke his parte. VponUpon whome Philpot replieth againe, and in the end the diſputation grew to be confuſed,The diſputation confuſed. by reaſon many would take vponupon them to anſwere.
On Wedneſday the xxv. of October, Iohn Philpot, according to the appointment, was ready to diſpute about the reall preſence, and was ready to enter into a Latine oration, made to interpret the queſtion: this ye Prolocutor would not ſuffer: and beſides, contrary to their order, compelled him to make his arguments in Engliſh, which he did, & was ſo interrupted by the Prolocutor, that he fell downe on his knées before the Earles and Lords, deſiring them that he might hauehave libertie to proſecute his argument: but the Prolocutor ſtill interrupted.The Prolocutor alwaies interrupteth Philpot. Doctor Chadſey being the reſpondent in the end, hée hauing ſcarſe ſpent one argument of a doozen, in the matter of the preſence in the Sacrament, was threatned of the Prolocutor to bée ſent to pryſon, except hée gaue ouer. So Philpot ſéeing himſelfe and the good cauſe ſo oppreſſed, ended, ſaying thus: A ſort of you here, which hitherto hauehave lurked in corners, and diſſembled with God and the worlde, are nowe gathered together to ſuppreſſe the ſincere trueth of Gods woorde, and to ſette foorth euerie falſe deuiſe, whiche by the Catholicke doctrine of the Scripture you are not able to maintaine.
Then ſtepped foorth M. Elmer M. Elmer.Chaplaine to the duke of Suffolke, whom M. Mooreman tooke vponupon him to anſwer, and after him the prolocutor called M. Haddon Deane of Exceter, to confirme M. Elmers argument, to whome Doctor Watſon tooke vponupon him to anſwere. Then ſtept foorth M. Perne, and in argument made declaration of his minde againſt Tranſubſtantiation, and confirmed the ſayinges of of M. Elmer and M. Haddon: whome the prolocutor blamed, becauſe the Friday before, he had ſubſcribed to the contrary: and ſo for that the night did approch, and the time was ſpent, the Prolocutor giuing them praiſes for their learning,The Romiſh church againſt reaſon or ſcripture, did yet notwithſtanding conclude, that all reaſon ſet apart, the order of the holy church muſt be receiued, and all things muſt be ordered thereby.
On Friday the xxvij. of October M. Haddon Deane of Exceter did enter diſpute againſt Watſon, Morgan, and Harpſfield: and when Watſon was driuen to a pinch, and to denie Theodoret, for that he ſaid, hée was a Neſtorian, hée deſired he might aunſwere maiſter Chenie: and after much diſpute with Watſon and his fellowes, then aſked the Prolocutor of maiſter Haddon and his fellowes, whether they would anſwere them other thrée daies, Haddon, Chenie, and Elmer ſaid no: but the Archdeacon of Wincheſter,M. Philpot a hartie man. maiſter Philpot ſtood vp, and ſaid: that although all other did refuſe to anſwere, yet he would not, but offered to anſwere them all one after another. With whoſe proffer the Prolocutor beyng not contented, railed on him, and ſaid hée ſhould go to Bedlem. To whome the Archdeacon anſwered, that hée was more worthie to be ſent thither. Who vſed himſelfe ſo ragingly in that diſputation, without any indifferent equalitie. Then roſe Doctor Weſton vp & ſaid: all the company hath ſubſcribed to our Articles, ſauing onelyonly theſe menne which you ſée: wée hauehave aunſwered them thrée daies, vppon promiſſe that they ſhoulde aunſwere vsus againe as long: and if they be able to defend their doctrine, let them ſo doe. Then Elmer affirmed, that they neuer promiſed to diſpute: but only to teſtifie their conſciences, neither now (ſaid he) doe we meane to anſwere, til our arguments which we hauehave propounded, be ſoluted according as it was appointed: for we ſhould profit nothing, ſeing the matter is already decréed vponupon.
On munday following béeing the thirtie of October, the Prolocutor demanded of maiſter Philpot, whether he would anſwere: who ſaid he would ſo doe, if they would according to their former determination, firſt anſwere ſufficiently ſome of his argumentes, yea euen but one, although hée had a dozen. So he was permitted to propound. His arguments was, Chriſt is aſcended into heauen, therefore he is not preſent on the earth corporally. This argument Morgan, Philpots argument.Weſton, Harpesfield were grauelled with. And when Philpot denied that the Church was before the Scripture, and denied a friuolous reaſon which he brought to prooue the ſame: Morgan ſaide fye fye, hée hath no learning. With whome when Philpot compared himſelfe, the Prolocutor commaunded him that hée ſhoulde come no more into the houſe. To whom Philpot ſayde, hée might thinke himſelfe happie to bée out of their companie. Then after Morgan had rounded the Prolocutor in the eare, hée ſayde vntounto him: wée are content, you ſhould come into the houſe, ſo yée bée apparrelled in a long gowne and a tippet as we be, and that you ſhall not ſpeake but when I command you. Then quoth Philpot, I had rather bée abſent altogether. At length the thirtéenth of December, Quéene Marie commaundeth Boner to breake vp the Conuocation.The Conuocation breaketh vp.
During the time of this diſputation, the twentieth day of Nouember, the Mayor of Couentry ſent vp to the Lords of the Counſell, Baldwine clearke, Iohn Careles, Thomas Wilcockes, and Richarde Eſtlin, for their behauiour on on alhallow day laſt before. Wherevpon. Careles and Wilcocks were committed to the gatehouſe, and Clarke and Eſtline to the Marſhalſea.
The 3. of December, Iohn Huntington preacher: who had made a rime againſt D. Stokes, and the ſacrament, appeared before the Counſell: and vponupon his ſubmiſſion was ſuffered to depart.
In the monethmonth of December, the Parlement brake vp: in which, there was a communication of marriage betwixt the Emperours ſonne Philippe, and the Quéene:Communication of marriage betwixt Q. Mary and king Philip. and in the meane while, Cardinall Poole was ſent for by the Quéene.
Anno 1554. 1554. D. Crome to the Fleete.the 13. of Ianuary, Doctor Crome, for his preaching without licence on Chriſtmas day, was committed to the Fléete.
The 21. of Ianuary, Maiſter Thomas Wotton Eſquier was for matters of religion committed to the Fléet, cloſe priſoner.
The concluſion of the marriage betwixt the Emperours ſonne Philip & Quéene Mary, ſtirred vp the minds of many againſt her. Among whom, the 3. of February, Sir Thomas Wiat Wiat beheadedwas reſiſted at Temple barre, and was taken and executed at Tower hil.
The 12. of February, the Lady Iane was beheaded: to whom two daies before her death, was ſent M. Fecknam, to reduce her to the Popiſh religion: whom ſhe conſtantly and with great power of Gods ſpirit reſiſted. With her alſo was beheaded her huſband, the Lord Gilford.Lady Iane, and L. Gilford beheaded.
The iudgment of God vponupon iudge Morgan.Iudge Morgan, who gaue ſentence againſt the lady Iane, ſhortly after he had condemned her, fell mad: and in his rauing, cried out continually to hauehave the Lady Iane taken away from him, and ſo ended his life.
Anno 1554. the 24. of February, Boner Biſhop of London ſent down commiſſioners to al curates & paſtors of his dioces, to take the names of ſuche as woulde not come to auricular confeſſion in Lent, and receiue at Eaſter.
The monethmonth of March following, the fourth day of the monethmonth there was a letter ſent from the Quéene to Boner with Articles thereto annexed, to bée put in ſpéedie execution. 1. Articles.That the Eccleſiaſticall lawes of King Henry the viij. ſhould be put in practiſe, beyng not directly againſt the Statutes and Lawes of the Realme. 2. That no Biſhop or Prelate doo vſe the clauſe Regia authoritate fulcitus. 3. That no ſacramentarie be admitted to benefice. 4. That all Biſhoppes do labour, eſpecially in the Clergie to ſuppreſſe hereſies. 5. Againſt bookes & writings. 6. Againſt prieſts mariages, and that ſuch as would depart from their wiues ſhould be vſed more fauourably, and admitted to the ſame function. But in another place, and for want of prieſts, that one prieſt ſhould ſerue two places. That proceſſions be vſed: that holy daies and faſting daies be frequented: that the ceremonies be vſed, & confirmation of children be put in practiſe: and the like preſcript alſo with articles was ſent from the Quéene to the Lord Maior of London.
About the ſame yéere and time, when Doctour Boner ſet foorth this preſcript, there came from the Quéene a Proclamation againſt ſtraungers, ſuch as profeſſed the Goſpel. VponUpon this Proclamation, not onelyonly the ſtrangers in King Edwardes time receiued into the Realme for religion, among whom, Peter Martir, Iohn Alaſco, vncle to the king of Poleland: but many Engliſhmen fled, ſome into Frizeland, ſome to Cleueland, ſome to high Germanie; wel neare to the number of 800. perſons.Neare 800. perſons flie beyond the ſeas.
In the ſame monethmonth of March, the Lord Courtney (whō the Quéene at her firſt entrie deliuered out of the Tower,) and Ladie Elizabeth alſo, the Quéenes ſiſter, were both in ſuſpition to hauehave béene of Wiats conſpiracie:Lady Elizabeth, and Lord Courtney, ſent to the Tower. and for the ſame, this March were apprehended, and committed to the Tower. And, although Wiat at his death cleared them both, (as vnacquainted with the matter) yet Gardiner practiſed to bring them both within the compaſſe of the ſame, and the Lord Shandoys ioyned therein with him. Not long after this, a parliament was holden at Weſtminſter in Aprill, where the Quéene propounded concerning her marriage to king Phillip, and reſtoring the Popes ſupremacie. Her marriage was agréed vppon, but the ſupremacie would not be obtained as then.The Popes ſupremacie wold not be obteyned.
The ſame time when this parliament was ſummoned, the Quéene ſummoned a conuocation of Biſhops, writing vntounto Boner, (whom ſhe made Vicegerent in ſtead of Cranmer) being in the Tower, after the manner of a new ſtile leauing out ſupreme head: Likewiſe Boner giuing her certificate vponupon the ſame, leaueth out Authoritate illuſtriſs. & legitime ſuffultus, which parcels both at the length were taken away at that Parlement. In this Conuocation Boner extolling the office of prieſthood, breaketh out into ſuch an hyperbolicall prayer,Boners commendation of Prieſthood. that they were to be honoured before all kinges of the earth, Princes, and nobles: for, ſaid he, a Prieſt is higher then a king, happier then an Angell, maker of his creatour, &c. and in ſome ſort like to the virgin Marie: for as by ſpeaking ſixe wordes: fiat mihi ſecundum verbum tuum, ſhee did conceiue Chriſt, ſo the Prieſt by the wordes of Conſecration, doeth chaunge the bread into the body of Chriſt.
Anno. 1554. The x. of March, a letter was ſent to the Léeftenant of the Tower, to deliuer the bodies of Maſter Doctor Cranmer, the Archbiſhop of Caunterburie, Maſter Ridley, and M. Latimer, to Sir I. Williams, to be conueied by them both to Oxford.
The xxvj. of March, there was a letter ſent to ſir Henrie Doel, and one Foſter, to attach the bodies of D. Taylor, parſon of Hadley, and of Henrie Aſkew, and to ſende them vp to the Counſell.
About the tenth of Aprill, Cranmer Archbiſhop of Canterburie, Ridley Biſhop of London, and Hugh Latimer, ſometime B. of Worceſter,Cranmer, Ridley, and Latimer, ſent priſoners to Oxford were cōueied as priſoners from the Tower to Windſor, and from thence to the Vniuerſitie of Oxford, there to diſpute with the Diuines, and learned men of both Vniuerſities, about the preſence, ſubſtance and ſacrifice of the Sacrament. Their names were theſe:Diſputers at Oxford. Of Oxford, D, Weſton, Prolocutor, D. Treſham, Doctor Cole, D. Oglethorpe, D. Pie, D. Harpſfielde, M. Fecknam. Of Cambridge: Doctor Yong. Vicechauncellour, D. Glinne, D. Seaton, D. Watſon, D. Sedgewick, D. Atkinſon. The queſtions whereon they ſhould diſpute,Queſtions to be diſputed of. were theſe. 1. Whether the naturall bodie of Chriſt be really in the ſacrament after the wordes of conſecration be ſpoken by the Prieſt. 2. Whether any ſubſtance doe remaine after the words, ſauing the bodie and bloud. 3 Whether the Maſſe be a ſacrifice propiciatorie.
On Saterday, being the xiiij. of April, after dinner, the Commiſſioners and Diſputers went all to Saynt Maries church in Oxford, and there (after a ſhort conſultation in a Chappel) they came all into the quire, and ſate all on ſeats, before the Altar, to the number of 33. perſons.33. Commiſſioners. Cranmer brought before the Commiſſioners. Vnitie with Veritie. And firſt they ſent to the Mayor, that he ſhould bring in D. Cranmer: whō he brought with a great number of ruſtie Bilmen. And being come, the Prolocutor exhorted him to vnitie. To whom the Archb. modeſtly anſwered, he would embrace it gladly, ſo it were ioyned with veritie. And after a diſcourſe of the ſame, in fewe words, the Prolocutor cauſed the queſtions to be propounded vntounto him, and required him to ſubſcribe thereunto. Which the Archb. refuſing, the Prolocutor firſt willed him to write his minde of them that night: and ſaide moreouer, he ſhould diſpute on them: and cauſed a copie of the Articles to be deliuered vntounto him, aſſigning him to anſwere thereunto on munday next, and ſo charged the Maior with him againe, to be had to Bocardo: where he was kept before.
Then was D. Ridley Ridley appeareth.brought, who hearing the articles read vntounto him, anſwered without any delay, and ſaid, they were all falſe: and being aſked whether he would diſpute, he anſwered, that as long as God gaue him life, they ſhould not onelyonly hauehave his heart, but alſo his mouth and Penne, to defende his trueth. But hée required to hauehave time, and bookes. They ſayde, he coulde not. And that he ſhould diſpute on Thurſdaye: and till that time, he ſhoulde hauehave Bookes. Then gaue they him the Articles, and bad him write his minde of them that night: and ſo he did. Then they commanded the maior to hauehave him from whence he came.
M. Latimer appeareth.Laſt of all came in Maſter Latimer, who after his deniall of the Articles, had Wedneſday appoynted for diſputation. He alleadged, age; ſickneſſe; diſeaſe; and lack of bookes: wherefore he refuſed to diſpute, but he ſayd, he would declare his minde in wryting, or by woordes: and woulde ſtande to all that they coulde laye vponupon his back: complayning, that hee was permitted neither to hauehave penne, nor Inke,Neither the Maſſe, nor maribones nor ſinowes therof in the ſcripture. nor any Booke, ſauing the new Teſtament in his hand: which he ſaid he had read ouer ſeuen times deliberatelie, and yet could not finde the Maſſe in it, neither the maribones, nor ſinowes of the ſame.
On Munday, the ſixtéenth day of Aprill, they met in the Schooles, about eyght of the Clocke in the morning, and all things readie for the Diſputation, Doctor Weſton the Prolocutor, began to ſet the diſputation a woorke, with a briefe Oration, beginning thus.
Ye are aſſembled (ſpeaking in the Latin tongue) hither brethren, this day, to confounde the deteſtable hereſie of the VeritieThe deteſtable hereſie of the Veritie. of the body of Chriſt in the Sacrament. At which wordes diuers of the learned men laughed. His Oration ended, D. Chadſey began firſt to argue, and ere he left, the Prolocutor diuers times, Doctor Treſham, Oglethorp, Marſhall, Vicechauncellour, Pie, Cole, and Harpſfielde, did interrupte, and preſſed him with their Argumentes: ſo that eueryevery man would ſay ſomewhat diſorderly,A diſorderly diſputation. as the prolocutor would ſuffer him: ſo that thrée houres of the time was ſpent before the Vicechancellor of Cambridge began, and ſo the diſputation continued almoſt till two of the clock, and all the arguments were written by foure appointed to that end, & deliuered vntounto the hand of M. Day regiſter. The priſoner was had away by the Maior, and the Doctors dined together at the vniuerſitie Colledge.
The next day following which was the xvij. of Aprill, was brought foorth Doctor Ridley to diſpute:D. Ridley diſputeth. againſt whom was ſet Doctor Smith D. Smith a turner and returner.to be principall opponent: a man who diuerſe times had turned and returned before: beſides him Doctor Weſton, Doctor Treſham, Doctor Oglethorpe, Doctor Glinne, Doctor Seaton, Doctor Cole, Maſter Ward, Maiſter Harpesfield, Doctor Watſon, Maiſter Pie, maiſter Harding, maiſter Curtop, maiſter Fecknam. To al whom he anſwered very learnedly: he made a preface to theſe queſtions, but they ſaid it was blaſphemy: and woulde not let him go forth in it. Doctor Smith could gette no aduauntage at his hand: ſo the other did take his arguments, & proſecuted them. Doctor Glinne beginning to reaſon, (notwithſtanding maiſter Ridley had taken him for his olde friend) made a very contumelious preface againſt him. Whereof afterward, comming to the houſe where maiſter Ridley was kept, in the preſence of Doctor Yong, and D. Oglethorpe, he aſked him pardon. Weſton diſſoluing the Diſputation, ſayd theſe wordes againſt Maſter Ridley: Here you ſée the glorious; the ſtubborne; the craftie; the vnconſtant minde of this man. Here you ſée this day,Weſton triumpheth before the victorie. that the ſtrength of the Trueth is without foyle. Wherefore, I beſéeche you all to cry, Veritie hath the victorie: Veritie hath the victorie..
After theſe Diſputations, vponupon Wedneſday, M. Latimer was brought to diſpute, the xviij. day of Aprill, at viij. of the clock in the morning, moſt in Engliſh. For maſter Latimer M. Latimer diſputeth.alledged that he was out of vſe for the Latin. There replied vntounto him M. Smith of Oriall Colledge D. Cartwright, M. Harpſfield, and diuerſe other had ſnatches at him, & gaue him bitter taunts. Hée eſcaped not hiſſinges and ſcornefull laughings, no more then they which went before him. Hée was very faint, and deſired that he might not long tarrie, he durſt not drinke for feare of vomiting: the diſputation ended before xj. of the clocke: he was not ſuffered to read that he had, (as he ſaid) painefully written, but it was exhibited vp, and the Prolocutor read part thereof, and ſo procéeded to the diſputation. Towards the end of the diſputatiō, the Prolocutor exhorted father Latimer to turne, declaring vntounto him, that the Quéene was merciful. To whom Latimer anſwered: you ſhall hauehave no hope in me to returne: I pray for the Quéene daily, euen from the bottome of my heart: that ſhe may turne from this religion. During the while of theſe diſputations, the Prolocutor had his tippling cuppe ſtanding at his elbow all the time: and when maiſter Ridley diſputed with one of the Opponents, he tooke the cup, and holding it in his hands, ſaid to the Opponent: Vrge hoc, nam hoc facit pro nobis: vrge hoc, Weſton crieth Vrge hoc.for it maketh on our ſide. Whereat the aſſembly laughed.
After the diſputation of theſe thrée daies were ended, M. Harpesfield the next day after, which was the 19. of Aprill, diſputed for his forme to be made Doctor. To which diſputation, the Archbiſhop of Canterburie was brought foorth, and permitted among the reſt, to vtter an argument or two in defence of his cauſe,
Theſe Diſputations ended (the Friday following, which was the xx. day of Aprill) the Commiſſioners ſate in Saint Maries Church, where Doctor Weſton Prolocutor, vſed particular diſſwaſions to eueryevery one of the Priſoners, and would not ſuffer them to anſwere in any wiſe: but directly required them to ſay, whether they would ſubſcribe or no. Which whē they all refuſed: in reading the ſentence againſt them, they were aſked whether they would turne or no:The martyrs bid read on the ſentence againſt themſelues. and they bad read on in the name of God, for they were not minded to turne: ſo were they condemned all thrée. After which ſentence giuen they all appealed to the iuſt iudgement of God, for their vniuſt ſentence: and ſo were they ſeperated the one from the other, the Archbiſhop to Bocardo, Ridley to the Shiriffes houſe, and Latimer to the bayliffes.
On Saturday following, they had a Maſſe with a generall proceſſion and great ſolemnitie. Doctor Cranmer was commaunded to behold the proceſſion out of Bocardo: Doctor Ridley out of the Shiriffes houſe: Latimer alſo beyng brought to ſée it from the Bayliffes houſe, thought he ſhould hauehave gone to burning,Father Latimer would not looke toward the proceſſion. and ſpake to one Auguſtine Cooper a catchpole to make a quicke fire: but when hée came to Carfoxe and ſawe the matter, hée ranne as faſte as his old bones would carrie him to one Spenſers ſhop, and would not looke towards it.
Immediatly after the ſentence was giuen, Doctor Ridley writeth to the Prolocutor requiring him to kéepe promiſſe with him, touching his anſweres: which the Prolocutor ſaid, he ſhould ſée how they were taken, with promiſſe that he ſhould hauehave licence to adde vntounto them, to alter them as vponupon more deliberation he ſhould thinke beſt &c.The Prolocutor breaketh promiſſe with Philpot. Which promiſes the Prolocutor brake with him.
On Munday next after theſe things doone, being the xxiij. day of Aprill, the Prolocutor taketh his iourney to London with the letters certificatorie to the Quéene, by whom the Archbiſhop directed his letters ſupplicatorie to the counſell: the which letters after the Prolocutor had receiued, and had carried them well neare halfe the way to London,The Prolocutor openeth Cranmers letters to the Counſell. by the way he opened the ſame, and ſeing the contents thereof, ſent them backe againe refuſing to carrie them: Likewiſe Doctor Ridley deſireth him by letter to carrie his anſweres vp to certaine Biſhops in London.
Here the Author returneth to the yéere before 1553. vponupon Friday the iiij. of Auguſt, Doctor Day was deliuered out of the Fléete.
The v. day Boner was deliuered out of the Marſhalſea, and one M. Edward Vnderhil cōmitted to Newgate. Alſo ye ſame day at night Doctor Cockes was committed to the Marſhalſea: And the ſame day Doctor Tonſtall, and Stephen Gardiner were deliuered out of the Tower, and Gardiner receiued to the Quéenes priuie Counſell, and made Lord Chancellor.
The xvj. day of Auguſt, M. Bradford, M. Beacon, and M. Veron were committed to the Tower,Bradford, Beacon, and Veron to the Tower. with whom alſo M. Sampſon ſhould hauehave béene cōmitted but was not found, being diligently ſought for at M. Elſenges houſe in Fléet-ſtréet, where M. Bradford was taken.
VponUpon the xix. of Auguſt, a letter was ſent vntounto ſir Henry Tyrrell, Anthony Browne, and Edmund Brown Eſquires, praying them to commit to warde all ſuch as ſhoulde contemne the Quéenes order of religion, and did kéepe themſelues from Church.
VponUpon Sunday the xx. of Auguſt, Doctor Watſon Wincheſters Chaplaine preached at Paules, and two hundred of the garde were there with their Halbards, leaſt the people ſhould make a ſturre againſt the preacher.
The xxj. of Auguſt, the Quéene ſet foorth a proclamation ſignifying that ſhée could not any longer hide the religion which ſhe from her infancie had profeſſed, inhibiting in the ſame proclamation, printing and preaching.
VponUpon Sunday the xxvij of Auguſt the B. of Canterbury, Sir Thomas Smith, and the Deane of Paules were cited to to appeare the wéeke following, before the Quéenes Commiſſioners in the Biſhops conſiſtory in Paules.
In the meane time it was falſly noyſed abroad, that the Archbiſhop, to currie fauour with the Quéene, ſhould promiſſe to ſay Dirge Maſſe after the old cuſtome, for king Edward, & that he had already ſaid maſſe at Canterbury.A falſe rumor of the Archb. To ſtop theſe rumors, the 7. of Sept. the Archb. ſet forth a letter, which was alſo printed, in purgation of himſelf.
The 13. of September, Hugh Latimer was committed to the Tower. The next day after that the Archb. was committed to the tower.
The firſt day of October, which was the day of her coronation, the Quéene gaue general pardon: out of which were excepted all the priſoners in the Tower, and in the Fléete, and 62. more: of which number maiſter Whitchurch, and maiſter Grafton were two.
VponUpon the 4. of October, the Archbiſhop of Yorke was committed to the Tower.
The fift of October, the Biſhop of Lincolne, Hereford, and Weſtcheſter, were diſcharged from the Parlement and Conuocation.
The 15. of October, Laurence Saunders, preacher at alhallowes in Bredſtréete, in the morning declared the abhominablenes of the maſſe: about noone the ſame day, hée was ſent for by the Biſhop of London, and from thence committed to the Marſhalſea.
The 26. of October, the Vicechauncellour of Cambridge diſplaced D. Madew of the maiſterſhip of Clarehal: becauſe he was married, and placed maiſter Swinborne.
The 28. of October, the Papiſtes in the Kinges Colledge in Cambridge,Kings Colledge, Papiſts very forward. (not tarrying the making of any law) had their ſeruice againe in the Latine tongue, contrary to the law then in force.
About the laſt of December, a prieſt at Canterbury ſaid maſſe on the one day, and the next day after, he came into the pulpit, and deſired the people to forgiue him: for he ſaide hée had betraied Chriſt: and there made a long Sermon againſt the maſſe.
VponUpon Saterday being the 13. of Ianuary, D. Crome was committed to the Fléet, and one maiſter Addington to the Tower.
The 20. of Ianuarie, the court of firſt fruits and tenths were diſſolued.
The 26. of Ianuary, Iuſtice Halles was committed to the marſhalſea, and maiſter Rogers to Newgate.
About the 24. & 25. of February, ſuch prieſtes within the dioces of London, as were married, were diuorced from their liuings, and commanded to bring in their wiues within a fortnight, that they might alſo be diuorced from them. This the Biſhop did of his owne power.
The 27. of February, certain Gentlemen of Kent were ſent downe to be executed: among whom there were two of the Mantels: the elder of which, at his caſting of the ladder, brake the rope. Then they would hauehave had him recant, and receiue the ſacrament of the altar: and then they ſaid, he ſhould hauehave the Quéenes pardon: but he refuſed ſo to doe, and choſe rather to die.
VponUpon the 18. day of March, the Lady Elizabeth the Quéenes ſiſter was brought to the Tower.
Ladie Elizabeth to the Tower.In the monethmonth of May, it was bruted that a diſputation ſhould be holden at Cambridge, betwéene M. Bradford, M. Saunders, & M, Rogers, and others of that ſide: and the Doctors of both vniuerſities on the other ſide: like as had béene in Oxforde before. This the godlye Preachers that were priſoners did accept, ſo that the diſputation might bee before the Queene, or before the Counſell, or before the Parlement houſes, or els if they might diſpute by writing: remembring the diſorder at Oxford. And they directed out of priſon a declaration of their mindes by writing, the ſeuenth day of May, exhorting the people to ſubmitte themſelues with all patience and humilitie, &c. Anno 1554.
Their names were: Robert Menauen, aliâs Robert Ferrar, Rowlande Taylor, Iohn Philpot, Iohn Bradforde, Iohn Wigorne, and Gloce. Epiſcopus, Iohn Hooper, Edward Crome, Iohn Rogers, Laurence Saunders, Edmunde Laurence, I. P. T. M. Miles Couerdale, agréeing alſo with them.
The xix. of the ſame MonethMonth the Lady Elizabeth, Siſter to the Quéen, was brought out of the Tower, and committed to the cuſtodie of ſir I. Williams, after Lord Williams of Thame, who gently entreated her:Lady Elizabeth ſent to Woodſtock. and afterwarde ſhe was had to Woodſtocke, and there committed to the kéeping of Sir Henrie Benefield, who excéeded in harde dealing with her.
About the fifth of October, and within a fortnight following, there were about ſixtye impriſoned in London, for hauing, and ſelling certain bookes, which were ſent ouer by Preachers that fledde beyond the Seas: among whome was M. Brown, a Goldſmith, M. Sparke, a Draper, Randall Diuer, a Stationer, M. Beſton, a Marchant, wt many other.
The ninth of Nouember, M. Barlowe, late B. of Bathe, and M. Cardmaker, Barlowe and Cardmaker to the Fleete.were brought before the Counſell in the Starrechamber, and after communication, commanded to the Fléete.
In this monethmonth, or the monethmonth before,Againſt writing of Scriptures on church walles. Boner directeth his precepts againſt al writings of ſcripture on church walles.
About this time, in the Vniuerſitie of Cambridge, and alſo of Oxforde, many good wittes, and learned men departed the Vniuerſities, becauſe of the alteration of religion.24. places void together in S. Iohns colledge in Cambridge Of whō, ſome of their owne accord gaue ouer: ſome were thruſt out of their Felowſhips: ſome were miſerably handled. In ſo much that in Cambridge, in the Colledge of ſaint Iohns. there were 24. places voyde together.
The xxj. of Nouember, being Wedneſday,Cardinall Poole landeth. Cardinall Poole landed at Douer: and the xxviij, day he made an Oration in the Parlement houſe: exhorting them to returne to the Sea Apoſtolicke, and to abrogate ſuch lawes as had diſioyned them from the ſame.
The next day after, the Lordes and Commons exhibited a Supplication, wherein they deſired pardon, and abſolution for that which had paſſed againſt the Apoſtolik Sea. VponUpon this Supplication, Cardinall Poole (in the name of Pope Iulius the third) geueth them abſolution.Abſolution geuen to ye Lords and Commūs. Wherof the king and the Cardinall ſent ſpéedie report to Rome, to the great ioy of the Pope, and his &c.
About the ſecond of December, a Poſte was ſent from the whole Parlement to the Pope, to deſire him to confirme the ſale of Abbey landes,Purchaſes of Abbey lands to be confirmed by the Pope. and Chaunterie landes: For the Lordes, and the Parlement would not graunt any thing in the Popes behalfe, before their Purchaſes were fully confirmed.
The vj. day of December, all the whole Conuocation, wt Biſhops and other, were ſent for to Lambeth, to the Cardinall, who the ſame day forgaue them all their periurations, ſchiſmes, hereſies, and all they knéeled downe, and receiued his abſolution.
VponUpon New yeres day at night, certaine honeſt men and women of the Citie, to the number of thirtie, and a miniſter with them, named Maſter Roſe, were taken as they were in a houſe in Bowchurchyarde at the Communion: and the ſame night were committed to priſon: and on the Thurſday following, being the thirde of Ianuarie, M. Roſe M. Roſe ſent to the Tower.was before the Biſhoppe of Wincheſter, being Lord Chauncellor, and thence the ſame day he was by him committed to the Tower.
The Act of the Popes Supremacie. Queen Marie with childe.The ſame day the Act of Supremacie paſſed in the Parlement houſe.
About this time, there was a certaine opinion, that the Quéen was great with childe, & many prayers were made in diuers places for her, and for the childe, that it might be a male childe, wel fauoured, and wittie. And the xix. of Ianuarie, the lower Houſe of the Parlement, with the Speaker, came to White hall to the king, and there offered vntounto him the gouernement of the Realme, and of the iſſue, if the in the Quéene ſhould faile: which was confirmed by act of Parlement within ix. daies after.
In this Parlement among other thinges, the Biſhop of Rome was eſtabliſhed, and all ſuch Lawes as were made againſt him ſince the twentith yéere of King Henry the viij. were repealed, and alſo Cardinall Poole, Biſhop Pates, Lilly and other were reſtored to their blood.
Alſo in this Parlement thrée ſtatutes were reuiued for triall of Hereſie. One made in the fifth yéere of Richard the ſecond: and another in the ſecond yéere of Henry the fourth: the thirde in the ſecond yéere of Henry the fifth. Alſo the doings of Maiſter Roſe and the other that were with him was communed of in this Parlement: and vponupon that occaſion an act was made, that certaine euill prayers ſhould bée treaſon. The prayers of theſe men were theſe:Certaine euill praiers to be treaſon. God turne the heart of Quéene Mary from Idolatrie, or elſe ſhorten her dayes.
The two and twentith of Ianuary, all the preachers that were in pryſon, were called before the Biſhop of Wincheſter Lord Chancellor, and certaine other at his houſe in S. Mary Oueries: from whence, after they had refuſed to conforme themſelues, they were committed to ſtraighter pryſon then before, with charge that no man ſhould ſpeake with them: amongſt whom, one Iames George died in priſon,Iames George. and was buried in the field.
The eight and twentith of Ianuary, the biſhop of Wincheſter by vertue of Commiſſion from the Cardinall, in S. Mary Oueries church, called before him and certaine of the Counſell, Maiſter Hooper, Maiſter Rogers, and Maiſter Cardmaker: of which, Cardmaker Cardmaker ſubmitteth.that day ſubmitted himſelfe, the other were returned to pryſon till the next day.
The xxx. of Ianuarie, Doctor Taylor, Doctor Crome, M. Bradford, M. Saunders, and Doctor Farrar, ſometime biſhop of S. Dauies were before Wincheſter, of which number Taylor, Saunders, and Bradford were excommunicated, and ſentence pronounced againſt them,Sentence pronounced againſt Taylor, Saunders, and Bradford. and ſo committed to the Shiriffes. Doctor Crome according to his deſire had two moneths reſpite, and M. Farrar was againe committed to priſon, till another time.
After examination and condemnation of theſe good men, Commiſſioners and Inquiſitors were ſent abroad into all partes of the Realme, to the afflicting of a great number of godly perſones, eſpecially in Kent, Eſſex, Northfolke, and Suffolke. The preachers before had put vp a ſupplication to the king and parlement, requiring indifferencie in their cauſe: but all in vaine.
The end of the tenth Booke.