Abridgment of the Book of Acts and Monuments by Timothy Bright, Volume 1 · Book 7
King Henry 7. finiſhed his courſe of life, 1509. after whō ſuccéeded his ſonne, Henry 8. Henry 8.and ſhortly after married Lady Katherine, the daughter of Ferdinandus, K. Henrie 7. dieth.his late brother Prince Arthurs wife, by the diſpenſation of pope Iulius, and the requeſts of Ferdinandus her father.
At this time was renewed the old ſtrife betwixt the Dominicke fryers, & the Franciſcans,Old ſtrife betwixt the Dominicks and Franciſcans. about the conception of ye the virgin Mary: the Franciſcans held, that the virgin was without original ſinne, the Dominicks were of the contrary mind. Ann. 1476.
Pope Sixtus 4. ioyned with the Franchiſcans,The feaſt of the virgin Maries conception. & ordayned a ſolemnization of the feaſt of the virgins conception, offering all men & women, which would heare maſſe, & ſeruice, from the firſt euenſong of the ſame feaſt, to the Octaues of ye ſame, as many daies pardon, as Pope Vrban 4, and Martin 5 did graunt for hearing ſeruice of Corpus Chriſti day. He made alſo an addition to the Aue Marie, An addition to the Aue Mary.graunting pardon of ſins to all that would with the ſame addition, pray vntounto the Virgin. The addition is: and bleſſed is Anna thy mother, of whom thy virgins fleſh hath procéeded without blotte of original ſinne. This did pope Sixtus afterward, that the Dominicks might conforme themſelues thereto, confirme with a bull: dated 1483. whereby the Dominicks were compelled to giuegive to the virgin eueryevery night an Antheme in praiſe of her conceptiō, and to ſubſcribe to the Franciſcane doctrine.The virgin Mary conceiued without ſinne. Although the greateſt number of the ſchoole Doctors, were of the contrary faction, Petrus Lombard, Thomas Aquinas, Bernardus, Bonauenture, &c.
After the renewing of this diſſention, ann. 1509. certaine of the Dominicks deuiſed a certain image of the virgin, that they might make to ſtirre, to make geſtures, to complain,Sleight of Friers. to wéep, to grone: & by their deuiſes, to make anſwere to them, that aſked: for which déede, the falſe friers were taken & burned at Bernes the ſame yéere: Peucer, Munſter, Carion, &c. Their names were, Iohannes Vetter, Franciſcus Vliſcus, Stephanus Baliſthorſt, and Henricus Steinegger.
Pope Iulius was condemned, an. 1510. in the councel of Turon in France, an. 1512. being vanquiſhed of Lewes the French K. about Rauenna: & on Eaſter day the next yere died:Pope Leo. after whom ſuccéeded Leo the 10.
It appeareth by the regiſters of Richard Fitziames, in the dioces of London, that betwixt the yéere 1509. & 1527. deuers perſons were compeleld to abiure, for denying to worſhip ye Crucifix, for tranſubſtantiation, holy daies, pilgrimages,Abiuration. adoration of images, ſpeaking againſt the immoderate riches of Churchmen, the reading of Engliſh bookes: for denying, a prieſt to hauehave two benefices, &c.
Ann. 1511. the 18. of October, William Sweeting & Iohn Baniſter, who before had recanted: receiuing farther ſtrēgth from God,William Sweeting, and Iohn Baniſter, martyrs. were burned in Smithfield, for the teſtimony of the trueth: which was concerning the reall preſence.
Ann. 1517. one Ioh. Brown, who had born a fagot before, in the daies of K. Henry 7. was burned at Aſhford, for ye profeſſion of the truth,Iohn Browne martyr. condemned by Archb. Warrham, firſt hauing had his féet burned to the bones by Warrham & Fiſher, biſhops, to compell him to deny the trueth.
Ann. 1514. one Richard Hunn, merchant tailor in the city of London, was priuily made away, and hanged in the Lollards tower,Rich. Hunn. for the trueth: and after his death, to make him more odious, they picked certaine articles againſt him, out of the preface of his Engliſh Bible. This was done by one Doct. Hedd. The 20. of Decemb. the dead corps of Richard Hunn was burned in Smithfield: firſt hauing condēned it of hereſy, (after they had hanged him in priſon ſecretly) is bodie was burned, 16. daies after his murdering. But the matter hauing bin fully examined by the councel, & iudges, and iuſtices of the realme: it was found by good proofe, and ſufficient euidence, that D. Horſey the Chancelor,D. Horſey the Chancelor. Charles Ioſeph the Summer, and Iohn Spalding the hel-ringer, had committed the murther But by the ſuited of the Biſhop of London vntounto the Carinall Woolſey, at the gaole deliuery, the next Seſſions, the kings attourney pronoūced the iudgement againſt Horſey to be faleſ, and him not to be guilty of the murther.
An. 1518. the 24. of September, Iohn Stilman who had before recanted 11. yéeres paſt, was apprehended & brought before Richard Fitz-Iames B. of London, and the 25. Iohn Stilman burned.of October was condemned for a relapſe, and burned in Smithfield, Doctor Hedd vicar generall reading the ſentence. It was obiected yt he ſpake againſt pilgrimages: that he vſed to read bookes of Wickliffe, at his wicket, &c. That he called the Pope Antichriſt, &c. and that the inferiour were the ſynagogue of Sathan, &c.
The ſame yéere the 29. of March,Thomas Man martyr, Tho. Man was burned in Smithfield: who had before abiured, ann, 1511. the 14. of Auguſt: againſt auricular confeſſiō, the ſacramē of extreme vnction: againſt worſhipping of images, that ye popiſh church was not ye church of God, &c. Doct. Hedd pronoūced likewiſe ſentence againſt him, & deliuered him to the ſheriffe of London, to be preſently burned:Pilate waſheth his hands. with this proteſtatiō made before, that he might not conſent to the death of any: & therfore he deſired the ſheriffe not to puniſh him with rigour.
This yere was the great abiuration at Amerſham,The great abiuration at Amecſham. 700. conuerted by T. Man, Knowne men, Iuſtfaſt men.
Tho-Man confeſſed of himſelf, as it appeareth by the regiſter, that he had conuerted 700. from popery to the trueth.
In thoſe dayes, thoſe that were profeſſors of the trueth, were called knowne men, and Iuſtfaſt men. After T. Man, was Robert Coſin alſo condemned, and burned at Buckingham, for holding againſt pilgrimages, confeſſion to prieſts, and worſhipping of Images, &c.
Anno 1511. William Sweeting, alias Clerke, was condemned, and burned for a relapſe. He was taken at Chelſith, where he kept the Towne beaſts, and was their Netheard. His articles were, againſt Pilgrimages, reall preſence, worſhipping of Images. He had dwelt 16. yeres and more with the prior of Saint Oſich, named George Lawne; where hée ſo turned the Prior, that hée was afterward compelled abiure: which alſo William himſelfe through frialtie had doone before. Hée beyng aſked, what cauſe hée had why he ſhould not be iudged as relapſe, ſaid: he had nothing elſe, but onelyonly that hée committed himſelfe to the merciemercy of God. With William Sweeting was alſo condemned the ſame time,Iames Brewſter. of the pariſh of Saint Nicholas in Colcheſter, Anno 1505. He had béene abiured by William Warham Archbiſhop of Canterbury. They were burned togither in Smithfield at one fire, the 18. of October, his Articles were againſt images, pilgrimages, worſhipping of Images, the ſacrament of the altar, &c.
Anno 1518. Chriſtopher Shoomaker Chriſtopher Shoomaker.was burned at Newbery, for like articles afore. For then the Churche of Rome was chiefely withſtoode, for Pilgrimages, adoration of Saintes, the Scripture in Engliſh, and real preſence.
William Smith, Biſhop of Lincolne, died, an. 1515. who builded the Colledge of Braſen-noſe, in Oxford:Colledge of Braſen-noſe in Oxford. after whō ſuccéeded Iohn Longland a Frier, and cruell vexer of poore Chriſtians: who propounded ſuch captions interrogatories, that he forced one brother to detect another;One brother detecteth another, the huſband the wife, &c. the huſband, the wife; the brother, the ſiſter; the ſon, the father. Yet notwithſtanding all crueltie, the number did ſo encreaſe, that the B. ſéeing the matter almoſt paſte his power was faine to require ayde of the king for the ſuppreſſing of them. Whereto the king graunted, and ſent downe his letters to the Sheriffes, Baylifes, Officers, &c. to ayde the Biſhop in that behalfe. Whereupon, a great number abiured, anno 1521. in the Dioces of Lincolne, and did ſharpe panaunce. Among which there were certain,A great number abiure. who becauſe they had abiured vnderunder Biſhop Smith, were now condemned for relapſe, and were burned:T. Bernard burned. whoſe names are theſe: Thomas Bernarde, Iames Morden, Robert Raw, Iohn Scriuener, Ione Norman, and Thomas Holmes, which had detected many of the brethren, yet eſcaped hee not the relapeſe. Iohn Scriueners, owne children were compelled to ſet fire to their Father,Vnnaturall crueltie. as Ione Clarke was before compelled to doe to her Father William Tilſworth.
About this time D. Collet D. Collet.was troubled of B. Fitziames, Bricot, and Standiſh, but found fauor with the king.Paules ſchole builded. He erected the Schoole of Paules. The firſte Schoolemaſter of his Schoole was W. Lilius. This Collet was very lerned. He died anno 1519.
After Pope Iulius 2. ſuccéeded Leo 10. who (vnderunder pretēce of warring againſt the Turkes) ſent a Iubile, with his pardons, through all Chriſtian Regions, & Dominions, whereby he gathered innumerable riches, and treaſures. The gatherers whereof perſwaded the people, yt whoſoeuer would geue x. s̄ ſhould at his pleaſure deliuer one ſoule out of purgatorie: but if it were one iotte then then ſhillings, Pardonous ſold.they preached that it would profit them nothing. Ex Chriſt. Meſſ. li. 20. Chro.
This filthie marchandiſe was brought into Germanie by a Dominike Frier, called Tecellius: whereupon,Tecellius Frier, Luther a Frier Auguſtine, then abhorring this ſhameleſſe practiſe, anno 1517. vp openly the Temple ioyning to the caſtle of Wittemberge, the morrow after the feaſt of all Saintes, certaine propoſitions concerning Indulgenes.Luther. an auguſtine fier.
Whereupon, the Frier Tecellius inueighed againſt Luther in his ſermons, calling him heretike, and worthie to be perſecuted with fire: and burned Luthers Propoſitions opē lie, and a Sermon which he wrote of Indulgences.
This rage of the Frier cauſed Luther to intreate more amplie of the matter:Luther accuſed to the B. of Rome. wherefore he was accuſed to the Biſhop of Rome, and (minding as yet no further) indeuoured to get the popes fauour, writing vntounto him for the ſame, with all ſubmiſſion, in theſe wordes.
Moſt holie Father, Luther writeth to the P.I offer my ſelfe proſtrate vnderunder the feete of your holineſſe, with all that I am, and that I hauehave. Saue me, kill me, call me, recall me, approue me, reproue mee, as you ſhall pleaſe: your voice (the voice of Chriſt in you ſpeaking) I will acknowledge. If I hauehave deſerued death, I ſhall be contented to die, &c. This was in the yéere of our Lord, one thouſand, fiue hundred, and eightéene.
Dialogues againſt Luther. Eckius againſt Luther.Not long after the impudent dealing of Frier Tecellius, ſteppeth out one Silueſter de Priero, a Dominike Frier, which publiſhed rayling dialogues againſt Luther. VntoUnto whom Luther made anſwere againe.
Next after this Silueſter, ſtepped vp Eckius, and impugned the concluſions of Luther. With whome encountred D. Andreas Bedenſteme, Archdeacon of Wittemberge, making his apologie in the defence of Luther.
Afterwarde, Martin Luther was cited vp the 7. day of Auguſt, by one Hieronimus Biſhop of Aſcalon, to appeare at Rome. The Vniuerſitie of Wittemberg hearing therof, directed vp their letters, with their publike ſeale, to the P. in Luthers behalfe.
Duke Frederike alſo by his letters, ſued to Cardinall Caietanus, (who was then at Auguſta,) that the cauſe of Luther might be fréed from Rome, and remoued to Auguſta to the hearing of the Cardinall.
The Cardinal (at the Dukes ſuite) wrote to the Pope, and receiued anſwere, that hee ſhoulde call Luther before him at Auguſta: and if he foūd him obſtinate, that he ſhould interdict him, with al his adherents, and mainteiners whoſoeuer, the Emperors perſon only excepted.
The Pope alſo directeth other letters at the ſame time to Duke Fred. complayning with many gréeuous words againſt Luther.P. cōplaineth againſt Lut.
About the beginning of October, M. Luther came to Auguſta, at the charges of the prince Elector, and hauing obteined ſafeconduct from the Emperor Maximilian, preſented himſelf to the cardinal: who propounded vntounto him 3. things. 1. That hée ſhould reuoke his errours. 2. That he ſhould promiſe from that time forward to abſtaine from the ſame. 3. That hée ſhould abſtayne from any thing that might trouble the Church, whereunto hée anſwered: that he was perſwaded it was ſound and Catholike which hée had ſaid: and that he was ready to anſwere, to that ſhould be obiected againſt the ſame: and that concerning the matters, he would heare the iudgement of the vniuerſities of the Empyre, Baſill, Friburg, and Louane.
After this, Luther prepareth an anſwere by and by to Caietanus, teaching that the merites of Chriſt are not committed to men: that the Pope may erre: that hée ought to bee reprehended: that authoritie of Scriptures ought to leade in matters of faith: that the extrauagant containeth vntrueths, &c.
The Cardinall woulde heare no Scripture, but commaunded Luther to come no more in his preſence, except hée woulde recant: yet Luther abode there ſtill, and departed not.
The Cardinall ſent for Iohannes Stupitius, Vicar of the Auguſtines, and mooued him earneſtly to bring Luther to recant of his owne accord. Luther tarried two daies after, and nothing was ſaide vntounto him:Luther ſubmitteth himſelfe. the third day hée deliuered his minde in writing, ſubmitting himſelfe, and promiſing, that he would hauehave more moderation, and that (touching the matter of pardons) hee would procéede no further. OnelyOnly he ſaide, he could not retract his ſentence before defended, for ſo much, as he had ſaid nothing, but with a good conſcience, and that was agréeable to the teſtimony of the Scriptures.
This wryting the Cardinall lightly regarded. Which when Luther ſawe, and tarrying yet two dayes longer: vnderſtanding that the Cardinall had ſaide, that he had commaundement to impriſon Iohn Stupitius, and Luther, after he had made, and ſet vp his appeale, he departed from the Cardinall.
After Luthers departure, the Cardinall writeth a ſharp letter vntounto duke Fredericke, declaring the dangerous doctrine of Luther, and exhorteth the Duke to tender his owne honour and ſafetie, and to expell Luther out of his dominions. Whereto the Duke anſwereth, both purging himſelfe, and Luther: deſiring the Cardinall to be a meanes to the Pope, that innocencie and truth be not oppreſſed, before the errour be lawfully conuicted. This doone, the Duke ſendeth the letter of the Cardinall to Luther: Luther writeth again to the duke, and declareth how he was dealt with at Auguſta, what he offered, and how he attended, offering alſo him ſelfe to baniſhment, to auoyde the malice of his enimies: & no doubt, both the Duke and Luther were brought into a ſtreight. In which meane time, the Vniuerſity of Wittenberg wrote their letters in defence of Luther, which cauſed the Duke now ſeriouſly to hearken to his cauſe. This was, ann, 1518. about the beginning of December.
In the mean time, in the monethmonth of Nouember, the pope ſendeth forth new indulgences into Germany,New pardons. and into all quarters, with a new edict: wherein he declareth, that the biſhop of Rome hath power to releaſe diſpenſe, and to grant indulgences auaileable, aſwell for the liuing, as the dead: lying in the paynes of purgatorie.
Luther in the meane time, hearing how they minded to procéede againſt him at Rome, appealeth from the Pope to a generall Councell: which the Pope vnderſtanding, practiſeth with the Duke, by flatterie, and by ſecrete letters, to Noblemen of the Dukes Councel, that they might remoue the Dukes minde from Luther. But before Melitus his ambaſſador approached Germanie, Maximilian Maximilian.died, an. 1519. in the monethmonth of Ianuarie: and through the meanes of Frederike, Prince Elector, the Empire fel to Carolus v. ſurnamed Prudens, about the end of Auguſt.
In the monethmonth of Iune before, there was a publike diſputation ordained at Lypſia, a citie in Miſma,A diſputation of Lipſia. vnderunder the dominiō of George duke of Saxonie, vncle to duke Frederick. At that diſputation Eckius and Caroloſtadius diſputed of frée will: and thether came Luther, and Phillip Melancthon, to heare what was doone. Luther not minding, nor purpoſing to diſpute: but there beyng prouoked he diſputed with Eckius, of the Popes ſupremacie, of Purgatorie, of Indulgences, and of Penance. This was in the monethmonth of Iuly, an. 1519. About the beginning of which yéere Zuinglius Zuinglius.came firſt to Zurich, and taught: who at Zurick withſtood Sampſon a Frier, that came thither with the Popes pardons.
Anno 1530. the Doctors and Friers of Louane, and Colen, condemned the bookes of Luther as hereticall: againſt whom alſo Luther effectually defendeth himſelfe, and ſheweth to the nobilitie of Germanie in another booke,The yeerely mony that wēt out of Germany to Rome. that the mony that goeth yéerely out of Germanie to Rome, amounteth to 3000000. Florens.
Now a while after the coronation of the Emperour, the Pope ſendeth againe to Duke Fredericke, requiring him to cauſe Luthers bookes to be burned, and that hée would eyther ſée Luther executed himſelfe, or ſend him faſt bound to Rome. To the Embaſſadours the Duke anſwered, that before the matter were diſputed, and the cauſe made manifeſt, hée might not with any equitie or honour procéede in ſuch ſort.
Two Cardinals (notwithſtanding) tooke and burned Luthers bookes: whereof he hearing,Luther burneth the popes Decrees. burned alſo as many of the Popes Decrées as he could get, and the late Bull alſo ſet out againſt him, openly, and ſolemnly, with a great number of people following him. This was doone the 10. of December. On Maunday thurſday the Pope curſeth Luther: Pope curſeth Luther.and ſhortly after he hauing the Emperours paſport,Luther appeereth at Wormes. and beyng ſent for alſo by him, appéereth at an aſſembly at Wormes, Anno one thouſand, fiue hundred, and one and twentie, about ſeuentéene dayes after Eaſter, his friendes greatly diſſuaded him, to whom he anſwered: as touching himſelf, ſince he was ſent for, he was reſolued to enter Worms, in the name of our Lord Ieſus Chriſt, although he knew that there were as many Diuels,Luthers courage. as there are tiles to couer the houſes at Wormes.
The fourth day after his repaire to Wormes, at foure of the clocke in the afternoone, he appéered before the imperiall maieſtie, Princes, Dukes, &c. where Eckius aboue mentioned, who was then B. of Triers, generall officiall, with a loud voice propounded vntounto him, in the name of the aſſembly two queſtions.Eckius queſtions to Luther. 1. Whether the bookes that went abroad in his name were his. 2. Whether hée would recant them if they were his. To the demaundes Luther anſwered: that the bookes whoſe titles they had read vntounto him, hée did acknowledge: and as for the ſecond poynt hée craued reſpite of deliberation, that hée might without preiudice of the woord of God, and perill of his owne ſoule, anſwere the interrogatorie: which was graunted vntounto him, till the next day the ſame houre: and then his opinion ſhould not be in writing, but pronounced by word of mouth.
Luthers books of three ſortes.The next day hée appéered, and anſwered, his Bookes were of thrée ſortes: The firſt, in whiche hée ſimply declared the religion of Chriſtian faith and good works, which the popes Bull it ſelf iuſtifieth, and is not to be reuoked. The ſecond ſort, wherein he had inueighed againſt the papacie, the crueltie & exhortiō of the ſame, which if he ſhould reuoke it ſhould adde more force to their tyrannie, and open wide gates to their impietie. The third ſort, which he had written, was againſt priuate perſons, which laboured to mainteine the Romane tyranny, and to withſtand the true doctrine which hée had profeſſed. In which hée confeſſed hée might hauehave dealt, not with ſuch vehemencie of ſpirit, yet that he could cal nothing of the ſame backe, without preiudice of the cauſe. Albeit, he offred himſelf, both to be ſhewed wherin he erred, and to hearken to thoſe that could giuegive reaſon, and out of the ſcriptures, to the contrary: &c.
Theſe wordes thus pronounced, Eckius the Emperours prolocutor, with a ſterne countenance, refuſed his anſwere, as not direct, and plaine. Then Luther, conſidering (ſaith hée) your ſoueraigne maieſtie, and your Honours require a plaine anſwere: this I ſay, and profeſſe as reſolutely as I may, without doubting, or ſophiſtication, that if I bee not conuicted by teſtimonie of the Scriptures, and by probable reaſons, (for I beléeue not the Pope, nor generall Councels, which hauehave erred many times, and hauehave béen contrary to themſelues) my conſcience is ſo bound and captiued in theſe Scriptures, and worde of God, which I hauehave alleadged, that I may not, Luthern anſwereth directly.nor will not reuoke anie manner of thing; conſidering it is not lawfull, nor godlie, to doe any thing againſt conſcience. Herevppon I ſtand, and reſt: I hauehave not what els to anſwere, God hauehave merciemercy vponupon me.
To this anſwere, Eckius replied againe, as inſufficient, and indirect, and fled to the councels: but Luther replied, and declared, how they hauehave erred, and were not méete to determine matters of faith. The officiall againe anſwered, that could not be prooued, that the councels hauehave erred: but Luther promiſed to proue it: and now night approching, the Lordes aroſe, and departed. VponUpon Friday following, the Emperour ſignified to the States of Germany, by his letters, that he minded to extirpate Martine Luther, and his doctrine.
The munday following before ſupper,The Emperor purpoſeth to roote out the Goſpell. the Archb. of Triers aduiſeth Luther, that on Wedneſday next, he ſhoulde appeare before him at nine of the cloake, before dinner, and aſſigned him the place. Luther appeares, where, in the preſence of the Archbiſhop, Marques of Brandēburg Duke of Saxonie, and other States, Doct. Vocus the marques of Bades chaplaine, exhorted Luther with a rhetorical oration to recant: and ſpake in defence of the Councels. To whom Luther replied, that he ſpake not againſt al councels: but that they might erre it appeared by the councell of Conſtance, which condemned this article of Wickliffe, the Church is the communion of the predeſtinate, with other words more: which being finiſhed, he was bid to ſtand aſide: and in the mean while, the princes conferred, & ſent for him againe, and exhorted him. To whom he anſwered: except he were ouerthrown by the ſcriptures, he might not yéeld with a ſafe conſcience. Afterward, the Archbiſhop himſelfe, with gentle and courteous wordes, exhorted Luther to ſubmitte: which would not be. So that within a while after, ye Archb. officiall, declared vntounto Luther, from the Emperour, that hée ſhould within 20. daies return home, vnderunder his ſafeconduct, from whence he came. And the ſixe & twentith of April, hee returned:Luther returneth. the Emperors Herald, Gaſper Sturm ſafely conducting him.
Afte this, the Doctours, and Schoole-men of Paris, wrote againſt Luther, and condemned his bookes, and not long after,The Emp. outlaweth Luther, &c. Charles the Emp. directeth a writte of outlawrie againſt Luther, and all them that tooke his part: commanding, whereſoeuer he might bée gotten, to apprehend him, and his bookes to bee burned. Vppon this, Duke Fredericke conueyeth Luther away ſecretly, by certaine faithfull Noble men: in which time, hee wrote, among other Bookes, one intituled, De abroganda Miſſa, De abroganda Miſſa.dedicated to his companie of Auguſtine Friers: who vppon that, beganne to laye downe their priuate Maſſes. This doctrine,Wittemberg fauoureth Luther. the Vniuerſitie of Wittemberg (their Councel béeing aſked by the Duke) did confirme: and councelled the Duke, to put downe the vſe of the maſſe in his dominions.
About the ſame time, king Henrie the 8. bare the name of a certaine booke written againſt Luther: Booke againſt Luther. Defender of the Chriſtian faithin which he defendeth the Popes pardons, his authoritie, and the matter of the ſacrament. For which, the pope added to his ſtile and title, Defender of the Chriſtian faith.
Within the compaſſe of the ſame yere, P. Leo died, reioyſing of 3. bleſſings that God had beſtowed vponupon him. Firſt, that hee, being baniſhed out of his Countrey, was reſtored againe with glorie. 2 That he deſerued to be called Apoſtolike. 3 That he had driuen the Frenchmen out of Italy. After that he had ſpoken theſe words, he was ſtriken with a ſodaine feuer, and ſhortly after died, being of the age of 47 yeres, albeit ſome ſuſpected he died of poyſon. After him ſuccéeded Hadrian, 6. In whoſe time the Turkes wanne Rhodes,Pope Hadrian 6. A meeting at Noremberge. He liued not much aboue one yere and a half in his Papacie.
In the time of this Hadr. the councell of Wormes brake vp, and another meting appointed by the Emp. and States at Noremberge, an. 1522.
To which méeting the Pope ſent his letters, and beſide, gaue his Legate Cheregalius inſtructions againſt Luther. To whom the princes anſwered again, geuing reaſon, why (as yet) the Emperors Edict was not executed againſt Luther, and requiring alſo, that his holineſſe, with the conſent of the Emperor would ſummon a generall Councell, with as much ſpéed as might be: wherein matters might be fréelie debated for the benefite of the Church, and reformation of the ſame: and that the aſſembling of that Councel, might not be deferred longer then one yere. In ye meane time, they promiſed to take reaſonable order, &c.
At the ſame time alſo, at Noremberg,100. greeuances of Germanie againſt the pope. the ſtates propoū ded an hundred gréeuances of the Germans, which they did ſuſtaine from the Sea of Rome: as, forbidding of marriage in degrées not forbidden by the law of God: forbidding of meates, not forbidden by God: reſtraint of marriage at certaine times: ſelling remiſſion of ſinnes for money: innumities of clergy men: excommunication abuſed: number of holie dayes ouer burthenous: ſuſpending, & halowing of churchyardes: againſt Officials, and eccleſiaſticall Iudges: that eccleſiaſticall Iudges annex lay matters vntounto their iuriſdiction, &c. Theſe greeuances they deliuered to the popes legat, an. 1523. 1523 P. Hadrian dieth. P. Clement 7.and ſo the aſſemblie of Noremberge brake vp, and was proroged to the next yere following. In the mean time Hadrian died: after whom ſuccéeded Clement 7. who, ye next yere after, ſent his Legat, Cardinal Campeius, vntounto the aſſemblie at Noremberg, with many faire petitions, & ſharpe complaints againſt Luther, &c. but not a word of the gréeuā ces, or of any reformation. While Luther was abſent from Wittemberg,Caroloſtadius. And. Caroloſtadius ſtirred vp the people, to throw downe images in the temples, beſides other thinges mo, which Luther (returning to Wittemberg) miſliked, becauſe it was not done orderly, & by the magiſtrate, to whom it did belong. Ex Ioh. Sleid. lib. 3.
1546 L. dieth. Luthers praier at his death.An 1546. in the 63. yere of his age, L died, after he had continued writing and preaching 29. yeares. Before his death he prayed thus: My heauenly Father, eternall & mercifull God, thou haſt manifeſted vntounto me, thy deare Sonne our Lord Ieſus Chriſt. I hauehave taught him, I hauehave loued him as my health, my life, and my redemption: whom the wicked hauehave perſecuted, maligned, and with iniurie afflicted. Draw my ſoule vntounto thee. After he had thus prayed, he ſaid as inſueth, thriſe: I cōmend my ſpirit into thy hands, thou haſt redemed me O god of truth. God ſo loued the world, that he gaue his only ſonne, that all that beleeued in him, might hauehave life euerlaſting. Frederike prince Elector, died before Luther, an. 1525.1525 L. fulfilled Ierome of prages prophecie.
Thus Luther fulfilled the prophecie of Ierom of Prage, I cite you al to anſwere before the moſt high and iuſt Iudge, after 100. yeres. Ierom was burnt 1416. and Luther began to write anno 1516.
An. 1524. At the diet of Noremb. was much reaſoning cō cerning the mariage of prieſts: which cardinall Cāpeius impugned: and concerning the liberties of the citie of Strauſburgh, which the B. would hauehave infringed, taking into his hands, ye cauſe of maried prieſts from the magiſtrate of the towne, againſt ancient cuſtome & agréement betwixt them.
After the councell of Noremberg, immediatly followed another ſitting at Ratiſbone,A councell at Rateſbone. where were preſent Ferdinandus Campeius Cardinall of Saliſburgh, the two dukes of Bauarie, the Biſhops of Trent, and Ratiſbone, &c. and made many popiſh Decrées and actes againſt Luther: Actes againſt Luther.which Campeius laboured to hauehave enacted in a full councell, and with the conſents of all the Empyre: but the mindes of diuerſe were gone from the Pope: and he was faine to get the ſame ratified in this particular conuenticle.
An. 1519. Vldricus Zuinglius, 1519 Zuinglius.firſt abiding at Glocrona in a place called our Lords hermitage, remoued to Zuricke, and there began to teach, dwelling in the Minſter among the Canons or Monks, of that cloſe, & vſing the ſame rites with them, the ſpace of two or thrée yéeres: & becauſe Leo the ſame yéere had renewed his pardons againe, he cō tinued by the ſpace of two yéeres & more, detecting of the abuſes of the ſame, till Hugo B. of Conſtance, to whoſe iuriſdiction Zurick did then belong, wrote letters to the ſenat of Zuricke, cōplaining greatly of Zuinglius: to whom certain of the citie made anſwere, deſiring the B. yt he would do nothing preiudiciall to the libertie of the goſpell; Zuinglius hauing referred his cauſe to the Senate. This was An. 1522. Zuinglius alſo wrote a letter to the whole natiō of the Heluetians, moniſhing them not to hinder the courſe of the goſpell, and not to moleſt prieſtes that were married: and exhorted them to withdraw the libertie of concubines.
Thus, Zuinglius continued certaine yéeres,Dominicks againſt Zuinglius. & at the laſt the Dominicke friers oppoſed themſelues, wherevpon the Senate of Zuricke ſent forth their commaundement to all Prieſts & Miniſters to repaire to Zurick, againſt the 29. of Ianuarie next enſuing, Anno 1523. That matters touching religion might be fréely diſputed of; directing of their letters to the B. of Conſtance, that hée would either repaire thether himſelf, or ſend his deputie. At the day, came Iohā nes Faber Iohannes Faber againſt Zuinglius.the Biſhops Vicegerent. (Zuinglius had before contriued his doctrine into thrée ſcore and ſeuen Articles, and publiſhed thē abroad, that they that minded to diſpute, might be better prepared.) Faber he denieth to diſpute the matter, and ſaid, it was méeter for a generall Councell, (which (ſaid he) was néere at hand) then in that aſſembly to be handled: notwithſtanding Zuinglius vrged, that if he, or any, had ought to ſay againſt his doctrine, they would then declare it: but when no man would appéere to diſpute, the aſſembly was diſcharged. Wherevpon the Senate of Zuricke cauſed to be proclaimed thorough their dominion, that the traditions of men ſhould be abandoned,Traditions of men abādoned in Zuricke. 1523 Decree at Lucerna. and the Goſpell of Chriſt purely taught, out of the old and new Teſtament. Anno 1523. Sleid. lib. 3.
The next yéere after, there was an other decrée made at Lucerna, of the contrarie part, to the maintenaunce of Popiſh religion, and againſt Luthers doctrine. After this cōcluſiō at Lucerna, the Cantons of Heluetia directed their letters to the men of Zuricke, lamenting their eſtate, and blaming the new doctrine of Zuinglius, and Leo Iuda, Leo Iuda. Cantons deuided.and ſhewing to them the daunger that might follow. Wherevnto the Tigurins and men of Zuricke made their anſwere againe, the ſame yéere, the one & twentith of March, purging themſelues, and iuſtifying the doctrine of the Goſpell preached by Luther, Zuinglius, &c. and offered themſelues to be reformed (if they were in errour) by the Scriptures, and that they would attend therefore till toward the end of May next enſuing, as alſo from the Biſhop of Conſtance, and vniuerſitie of Baſill.
The monethmonth of May being come, the B. of Conſtance, anſwereth to ye mē of Zuricke in a booke, wherin he defendeth images, and popiſh maſſe. This booke they anſwered: & proued his doctrine, by the ſcriptures, to be falſe: & (before they ſent their anſwere) pulled downe all the images in their dominion, about the 13. of Iune. And a few moneths after,Images pulled downe. an order was taken in the citie of Zuricke, betweene the Canons of the church, and citie, for diſpoſing the lands, and poſſeſſions of the Colledge.
This profeſſion of the Tigurins, of the 13. pages,The Cantons that miſliked Zuinglius. ſixe did chiefly miſlike: to witte, Lucernates, Vrani, Suicenſes, Vnterualdii, Tugiani, Fiburgenſes. Theſe in no caſe would bee reconciled, but layde diuers ſlaunderous matters to their charge: whereof the Tigurins diligently purged themſelues.
Anno 1525. in the monethmonth of Aprill, next following: the citie of Zuricke baniſhed the maſſe in all their dominion,Maſſe baniſhed. and placed in ſtéede thereof the ſupper of the Lorde, the reading of the Scriptures, praying. Alſo, a Law was made againſt whoredome, & adulterie: and Iudges ordained to heare ye cauſes of matrimony, an, 1525. Sleid. lib. 4.
The other ſeuen pages appointed among themſelues, cō cerning a méeting, & diſputation to be had at Baden: where were preſent among other Diuines, Iohannes Faber, Eckius, and Murnerus. The Biſhops alſo of Lucerna, Baſill, Suriake, and Lawſanna, ſent thither their Legats: the concluſions propounded, were: that the body and blood of Chriſt are preſent in the Sacrament. That the maſſe is a ſacrifice for quicke & dead, That the bleſſed virgin, and other ſaintes are to be inuocated, as mediators & interceſſors. That images ought not to be aboliſhed. That there is a Purgatorie. Which concluſions, Eckius took vponupon him ſtoutly to defend. Againſt him reaſoned Oecolāpadius, (who was then chiefe preacher at Baſill) with other mo. Zwinglius was not permitted of the Senate to be heard. The concluſion of the diſputation was, that al ſhould remaine as it was. This was done in the monethmonth of Iune.
1527 A diſputation at Berne.Anno 1527. in the monethmonth of December, the people of Bern appointed a diſputation at Bern, and ſending forth writings thereof, called all the Biſhops about them thither, as of Conſtance: Seduno Lanſanna warning them both to come themſelues, and to bring their Diuines with them, or els to looſe ſuch poſſeſſions as they had lying within the precinct of their territorie. After this, they appointed eccleſiaſticall perſons of their owne iuriſdiction to diſpute,Scriptures only to decide controuerſies. determining the whole diſputation to be decided onelyonly by the authoritie of the olde and new Teſtament. And to the intent, men might come thither better prepared, they propoū ded in writing ten concluſions,Ten concluſions. to bée defended of their miniſters, by the ſcriptures: which miniſters, were, Franciſcus Colbus, and Berthaldus Hallerus.
The themes were theſe. 1. The true church heareth only ye word of God. 2 It maketh no laws without it. 3. That traditions ordained by the Church onelyonly, bind, as they agrée with the word of God. 4. That Chriſt only hath made ſatiſfaction for our ſins. 5. That Chriſtes body is not really in the ſacrament. 6. That the ſacrifice of the maſſe is cōtumelious to Chriſt his ſacrifice. 7. That Chriſt is only to be inuocated as mediator. 8. That there is no purgatory. 9. Againſt images. 10. Againſt ſingle life of prieſts.
To theſe letters, & articles, the Lucernats, Vranites, Scinthians, Vnterualdians, Tugians, Glareans, & Soliturnians, & they of Freiburg anſwered again by cōtrary letters, exhorting them of Bern to deſiſt from their purpoſe; concluding, that they would neither ſend, nor ſuffer any learned man to come thither, nor graunt ſafeconduct for any to paſſe through their countrey.
The Biſhops refuſe diſputation.Al this notwithſtanding, the Lords of Bern, the 7. of Ianuary, procéeded in their diſputatiō. Of the biſhops before aſſigned nor one came, neuertheles the city of Baſil, Zuricke, and Schafuſe, and Abbecelle, Sangallium, Malluſia, with ye neighbours of Rhetia, alſo, they of Straſborough, Vlmes, Auſburgh, Lyndane, Conſtance, and Iſne, ſent thether their Embaſſadours. The Doctors of Berne began their diſputation: there were preſent Zuinglius, Oecolampadius, Bucerus, Capito Blaurerus, with other mo, which defended the affirmatiue. On the contrary part, the chiefe was Conradus Tregerius a frier Auguſtine: who ſhifting from the Scriptures, to the Doctors, not being permitted ſo to doo by the moderators of the diſputatiō, would diſpute no more. This diſputation endured 19. daies,The diſpute laſted 19. daies and in the end it was agréed, that the concluſions were agréeable to the word of God, and ſhould be ratified not only in Berne, but alſo in certaine other cities néere adioyning. Furthermore that maſſes, altars, and images ſhould be in al places aboliſhed.
At the city of Conſtance, certain things begā to be altred before: in which citie, the preacher, Ambroſius Blanreus was a notable man, & had bin a monke before, in the monaſtery of Alperſpacke, in the Duchy of Wittemberg.
After this diſputation thus concluded at Berne,Berne reformed. the Images, and altars, with ceremonies, and maſſes, were aboliſhed at Conſtance:Geneua reformed. they likewiſe of Geneua followed the example of Bern, by reaſon whereof, the Biſhops and Cleargy departed the citie.
The Bernates after they had redreſſed with them the ſtate of religion,The Bernates refuſe ye league of the french K they renounced the league made before with the French king, refuſing the warly ſtipend, folowing the example of the Tigurins, which before had done ye like, and were contented onelyonly with their yerely penſion, which the K. payeth to eueryevery page of the Heluetians, to kéep peace. The day and yere when this reformation began with them, they cauſed to be engrauen in a piller, with letters of golde,A monument of their reformation. 1528 for a perpetuall memorie to all poſteritie to come. This was an. 1528.
By theſe examples, the miniſters of Strauſburgh began alſo to affirme, and teach, that the maſſe was naught. The P. clergie laboured on the contrary part. The Senat would hauehave brought it to a diſputation, but the Prieſts would agrée to no reaſoning: wherevpon the magiſtrates commaunded them ſilence. The Biſhop deſired the Senate to perſeuer in their old religiō: but not preuailing, they did ſollicite the aſſembly of the Empire at Spires, who ſent a ſolemne Embaſſade to Strauſborough, requiring them to alter nothing, but to refer all things to a generall Councell. In like manner the Biſhop of Heldeſſem, hauing béene with them a litle before, exhorted them in the name of the Emperour.
But the Senate of Strawſborough, ſeing the matter did now hange in controuerſie two yéeres, the preachers dayly calling vpō them for reformatiō, & alſo ſuite being made by other Citizens, aſſembled their great Citizens, to the number of 300. in which, the moſt voyces went againſt the maſſe. Wherevpon, immediatly the twentith of February, ann. 1529. 1529 Maſſe put downe in Strawſborough. Baſill reformed.a decrée was made, that the maſſe ſhould be laid downe, til the contrary part could proue it to bee lawfull by the ſcriptures.
Anon after, at Baſill alſo, the maſſe was excluded, and twelue Senatours fauouring popery, diſplaced by the commons, and the images throwne out of the churches, and a decrée made, that the maſſe and images ſhould bee aboliſhed, through their whole iuriſdiction: in this citie, taught Oecolampadius. A memorial of their reformation.The day of burning their images (which was Aſhwedneſday) they doe with mirth and paſtime ſolemniſe at this day.
Anno 1529. Ferdinando the Emperors brother, and his Deputie in Germanie, decréed againſt the Proteſtantes at Spires, and refuſed to admitte the Ambaſſadors of Strauſburgh, becauſe they had reiected ye maſſe. The other princes which were receiued, as, the Duke of Saxonie, George, of Brandenburgh, Erneſus, and Franciſcus, Earles of Lueburgh, & Lantgraue Anhaldius did withſtād the decrée, and ſhewed their cauſe in a long proteſtation written: which done, all ſuch Cities as ſubſcribed, and conſented to ye Proteſtation of the Princes, ioyned themſelues in a common league with them, whereupon, they were called proteſtāts.
The names of the Cities were theſe: Strauſburgh,The name of Proteſtants. Norembergh, Vlmes, Conſtance, Ruteling, Winſenium, Mē ning, Lindania, Campodinum, Hailburnim, Iſua, Weſſeburgum, Norling, and Sangallum.
The other Pages on the contrarie ſide, made like confederacie, which were eſpecially fiue: Lucernates, Vrani, A diuiſion of the Pages for religion.Suicences, Vnterualdij, and Tugiani, purpoſing to ouerrun the religion of Chriſt: who alſo, deſpitefully hanged vp ye armes of the Cities, Zurich and Berne, vponupon the gallowes. In ſo much, that Berne and Zurich rayſed a power againſt the Suitzers aforeſaid. But as they were both readie to encounter, through the meanes of the Citie of Strauſburgh, and other Interceſſors, they were parted at that time, and ſo returned. Which peace continued two yeares betwéene them, till by reaſon of contumelies againſt the reformed cities, the Tigurins, and Bernates, ſtopping al paſſage, ſuffered no corn, nor vitle to paſſe one to the other this was 1531.
The French king, with the Glarians, Friburnians, and Soliturnians, endeuored to make peace betwixt them, vpō certaine conditions, which the other fiue Pages refuſed, and armed themſelues, and approching néere Surich, ouermatched them of Zurich with multitude, and diſcomfited the armie: among whom, at that time Zuinglius was ſlaine,Zuinglius ſlaine. alſo, the Abbot of Capella, and Commendator Cunacenſis, with 13. other learned men, as it is thought, being falſly betrayed, and brought into the hands of the enemie. The maner of the Suitzers is, when they goe to warre, the chiefe Miniſter of their Church goeth with them, which was the cauſe why he was preſent at the warre.The miniſter goeth with the armie. After he was ſlaine they burnt his bodie, being dead. Ex Sleid. li. 8.
Zuinglius was 44. yeres of age when hee died. They tooke the Abbot Capellenſis being ſlaine, and put out both his eyes, and cloathed him in a Monks coule, and ſo ſet him in a pulpit to preach, rayling on him in moſt deſpitefull maner. This battle was the xi. of October. The Bernats hearing of this ouerthrow, armed themſelues to make reuēge, and attempting to take Tugie, were ouermatched of the Page-men. At the laſt (through mediation) a league was made betwéene them,A league betwixt the Canons. D. of Saxon dieth. 1532 that the Tigurins, Bernats, and Baſilians, ſhould forſake the league made with Strauſburgh, and the Lantgraue: and likewiſe the v. pagemē their league with Ferdinandus. And hereof were obligations ſealed the laſt of Nouember.
Oecolampadius hearing of the death of Zuinglius, departed this life alſo the laſt of Nouember, being of the age of 49.
The next following, in the yere of our Lord, 1532. in the monethmonth of Auguſt, died Iohn Frederike Duke of Saxonie, a great mainteiner of the trueth. After whom ſuccéeded Iohn Frederike his ſonne.
1533 H. Voes, I. Ech, burned.Anno 1527. Two young men were burned at Bruxels, one named Henrie Voes, of the age 24. The other Ioh. Ech, which were before of the order of Auguſtine Friers: they were perſecuted by Egmondanus the Popes Inquiſitor, & the diuines of Louane. The examiners were, Locheſtratus and others. The cauſe was, that they denied, it was deadlie ſinne to tranſgreſſe the decrées of the fathers, and of the B. of Rome. They were burned the firſt of Iuly, marueylouſly ioying at their death, in ſo much, that one of them ſéeing fire kindled vnderunder his féete, ſaid: me think you ſtrowe roſes vnderunder my féete.The courage of the martir. After their death, their Monaſterie was diſſolued; the Preſident thereof (called Iacobus Lutherianus,) after diuers afflictions, was forced to recant at Bruxels: but afterward being deliuered, departed, and fled to Luther.
An. 1524. About the citie of Diethmar, was H. Sutphen monk burned, wtout al order of iudgement, or iuſt condēnation. He was preacher at Breame, & greatly wtſtoode by the chanons and prelates, but mainteined by the ſenat & people: in ſo much that being ſent for to the Archbiſhop, and to a prouinciall councell at Burſtade, they refuſed to ſend him thether, foreſeing the malice of the councell. But when the time came, that the Lord would hauehave him witnes his truth, an. 1524. he was ſet vponupon on a ſudden at Meldorph in Diethmar (whether he went to preach) by the rude multitude, through the inſtigatiō of ye Frāciſcane friers, aſſociated with certaine preſidēts of the country, who to the intent the huſbandmen of the country ſhould be more couragious, gaue them 3. barrels of Hambrough béere to drinke. About midnight they came in armour to Meldorph: the Iacobins and Monkes prepared torches for them, leaſt Henry ſhould ſlip away in the dark. So with great violence, they brake into the houſe of the pariſh prieſt, where Henry was; who ſent for him alſo to preache, and hauing rifeled the houſe, and ſhamefully abuſed the prieſt, they ran with furie vponupon Henrie, and pulled him naked out of his bed, and drew him naked to Heyda, and brought him to a mans houſe, called Calden, and bound him there in the ſtocks, with chaines, in the froſt & ſnow: which, when the good man of the houſe (taking compaſſion on him) would not ſuffer, they caried him away to Hamburgh, and ſhut him vp in a cupbord. The common people, all the night continued drinking, and ſwilling.
In the morning, about 8. of the clocke, the rude people, (boyling with drinke) cried out: burne him, burn him. This rude people the Franciſcans greatly encouraged. So they bound Henrie, hands, necke, and féete, and with great noyſe brought him foorth to be burned. When he came to the fire, for very weakenes he ſate down on the ground. By and by, there was preſent one May, a preſident, corrupted with money, that condemned him, and pronounced ſentence. Which done, one ſtroke him behinde on the head with a ſharp dagger, Iohn Holmes of the new Church, ſtroke him with a mace. Other thruſt him into the backe, and armes: and that ſo often as he began to ſpeake. One named Maſter Gunter criyng out, and encouraging them, and ſaying: go too good fellowes boldly, truly God is with vsus preſent.
After this, he brought a Franciſcane Frier vntounto Henry, that he ſhould be confeſſed, to whom he ſaid: becauſe he neuer offended him, he could not forgiue him, and ſo refuſed to be confeſſed. The fire as often as it was kindled, would not burne, notwithſtanding they ſatiſfied their mindes vpō him, ſtriking, and pricking him, with all kinde of weapons. Henry in the meane time ſtanding in his ſhirt before the rude multitude, at the laſt hauing gotten a great ladder, they bound him faſt thereto,Crueltie. and caſt him into the fire, and when he began to pray, one ſtrake him on the face with his fiſt, ſaying: thou ſhalt firſt be burnt, and after pray, and prate as much as thou wilt. Then another treading vppon his breſt, bound his necke faſt to a ſteppe of the ladder, that the blood guſhed out of his mouth, and noſe: at laſt, after long tormenting, they caſt him, ladder and all into the fire: & one Iohn Holmeus ranne vntounto him, and ſtrake him with a mace vponupon the breſt, till he died. Afterward, they roſted him vponupon the coales, for the wood would not burne out: an. 1524 Ex Epiſt. Luth.
About the ſame time, many other godly perſons were throwne into the riuer of Rhine, & into other riuers, whoſe bodies were after found, and taken vp.
Alſo, in the ſaid towne of Diethmar, one Iohn Iohn M.ſuffered martirdome like Henrie.
At the towne of Hala, a Preacher named M. George, M. George.was murthered by the rude multitude, incenſed thereunto by the Monkes, and Friers, for miniſtring in both kindes. Ex Criſp. & Pantal.
At Prage alſo in Bohemia, another changing his Monkerie into Matrimonie, did ſuffer in like manner. Ex Lud. Rab.
Anno 1524. Iohn Clerke was martired at Metz in Lorain, for breaking downe the Images, which they were (at certaine times woont to worſhip in the ſuburbes of ye citie: for which fact he was cōdemned, & firſt his right hand ſtroke of, then his noſe with violence pulled from his face with pinſers, after ye both his armes & his paps,Great crueltie, and great patience. were likewiſe plucked & drawen with the ſame inſtrument: the martyr in the meane time ſinging the verſe: Their images are but ſiluer and gold, the worke of mens hands, &c. The reſidue of his life they conſumed with fire. This man before, an. 1523. had béene whipped, & marked in the forehead, at Melden 10 miles from Paris, for ſetting vp a bill againſt the Popes pardons, lately ſent thether: in which bill he named the Pope Antichriſt. Ex Criſp. & Plant.
Anno 1525. The 12. of Ianuarie M. Iohn Caſtellane 1525 I. Caſtellane.doctor of Diuinitie, was burned in the towne of Wiken, for preaching the truth in Mentz, beyng apprehended by the ſeruants of the Cardinall of Loraine, and carried away to the caſtle of Nomenie, where he was moſt cruelly handled, from the fourth of May, to the twelft of Ianuary, and from thence to the towne of Wiken: where he was condemned by the Biſhop of Nicopolis, ſitting in his Pontificalibus, beyng ſuffragane of Mentz, with the Clergie, Nobles, and people about him. He ſuffered with ſuch conſtancie,Conſtancie. that a great number were drawne to the knowledge of God thereby, and many confirmed.
The ſame yéere, a godly miniſter after diuerſe torments moſt terrible, as well by the priuie members, as otherwiſe, was drowned at Euſhiſheim, becauſe he married a wife ſecretly in his owne houſe, with a few witneſſes: after he was throwne downe he ſtriued a while, ſo that the riuer was red with his bloud. Ex Oecolampadio.
About this time, by reaſon of a rebellion of the commons againſt the rulers of Germanie, diuerſe proteſtants were faſly accuſed and put to death:Crueltie. among whom one after moſt gréeuous torments diuerſe times of the Strapado, which he ſuſtained ſix houres together, that the ſweat which dropped from his body, for paine & anguiſh, was almoſt bloud, had his head ſtroke of. Ex Oecolampadio.
Wolgangus Schuchus hauing conuerted a towne in Lotharing, belonging to duke Anthony prince of Lorrain, bearing the name of S. Hippolitus, the Duke hearing thereof, & being miſinformed by the aduerſary, threatned the towne deſtruction with fire and ſword. Wolgangus hearing therof wrote a letter to the Duke, purging the towne of the crime of ſedition, & rebellion laid againſt it, and likewiſe declaring the truth of religion. But the Duke nothing pacified therewith, Wolgangus of his owne accord wēt to Nancie, which is the head towne of Lorrain, there to render a confeſſion of his doctrine, and to deliuer the towne of Hippolitus, who was not ſo ſoone come thether, but hands were laid on him, and he caſt in a ſtinking priſon, where he was ſharply handled. After a while he was had to a houſe of Grayfriers, to make profeſſion there of his faith, where he confuted learnedly all thoſe that ſtood againſt him: one Bonauenture a frier, monſtrous in body, & conditions of mind, was moderatour of the diſputation, who hauing béen long confeſſor to the Duke, & of great authoritie in Lorrain, was euer perſwading the duke, to baniſh all learned men out of Lorrain, and that it was ſufficient to ſaluatiō, only to know the Pater noſter, & Auie. This man beyng iudge of the diſputation, Wolgangus mainteined the truth againſt the rable of the Clergie: who being not able otherwiſe to make their partie good againſt him, tooke his Bible with the notes in the Margine, and burned it. At the laſt diſputation Duke Anthony himſelfe was ſayd to be there diſguiſed, who although hee vnderſtood not the ſpeach of Wolgangus, beyng in Latine, yet perceyuing him to be bold and conſtant,Courage and conſtancie. departing from the diſputation, pronounced, he ſhould be burned, becauſe he denied the Church, and ſacrifice of the Maſſe: Wolgangus hearing the ſentence of his condemnation, began to ſing the 122. Pſalme: I reioyced when they ſaid vntounto me, we will go into the houſe of the Lord: and at the execution, ſang the 51. Pſalme, till the ſmoke, and flame, tooke from him his voyce, and life.
Shortly after his death, the Commendator of Saint Anthonie of Vienna, who ſate as ſpiritual iudge ouer him, and gaue ſentence of his condemnation, fell ſodainly downe and died. Alſo, his felow which was abbot of Clarilocus,Gods vengeance. and ſuffragane of the Biſhop of Mentz, ſodainly at the comming in of the Duches of Denmarke, into the citie of Nancie, ſtricken with a feare at the cracke of guns, fell downe, and died. Ex Lud. Rab. & Pant,
Ann. 1526. Ioh. Huglein, 1526 Ioh. Huglein.prieſt, was burned at Meſpurgh, by the Biſh. of Conſtance, for that he did not hold with the B. of Rome his doctrine in all points.
This yéere, the Ladie Katherine, the olde Emperours yong ſiſter, was promiſed in marriage, with Iohn Fredericke, ſonne and heire to the Prince electour of Saxonie: but thorough the alteration of religion, they ſwarued from their couenants: and Hawnart, No promiſe to be kept with heretikes.the Emperours Ambaſſadour in Germany, ſaid plainly, that there was no promiſe to be kept with heretikes.
Anno 1527. George Carpenter 1527 George Carpenter.of Emering, was burned in the towne of Munchen, in Bauaria. 1. Becauſe hée did not beléeue, that a prieſt could forgiue ſins. 2. He beleued not, a man could call God out of heauen. 3. He beleued not, that God was in the bread. 4. He beléeued not, that the element in Baptiſme giueth grace.
The ſame yere, Leonard Keyſer, Leonard Keyſar.of the countrey of Bauaria, was put to death, for the teſtimonie of the truth: he was of the town of Raw, 4. miles frō Paſſaw, of a famous houſe. He being at his ſtudy in Wittēberg, was ſent for by his brethrē: who certified him, that if he wold ſée his father aliue, he ſhold come wt ſpeed: he was ſcarſe come thither, whē as by ye cōmandmēt of ye B. of Paſſaw, he was takē by his mother, & brethrē.The mother & brethren againſt children and brethren. The articles wt he was accuſed of, were, ye faith only iuſtifieth. 2. Works are the fruites of faith. 3. The maſſe is no ſacrifice, nor oblation: alſo hée denied confeſſion, ſatiſfaction, vowe of ſingle life, Purgatorie, difference of dayes, inuocation of Saintes, and for holding onelie two Sacraments, &c. They that ſate in iudgement of him, were, the Biſhop of Paſſaw, the ſuffraganes of Ratiſbone, and Paſſaw: and with them Eckius, béeyng garded with armed men. He ſuffered the 16. of Auguſt, Ex 6. tomo operum Lutheri.
Wendelimuta.Anno 1527. a vertuous widowe, named Wendelmuta, was firſt ſtrangled, and after burned at Hage in Holland the twentieth of Nouember, for the profeſſion of the trueth. ex Pantal.
Anno 1529. Peter Filſteden and Adolph Clareback, 1529 Peter Filſteden & Adolph Clarebacke.Germanes, by the commaundement of the Archb. and Senate of Collen, were burned there for the trueth, eſpecially of the ſupper of the Lord after that they had endured impriſonment a yéere and a halfe.
At that time, certaine popiſh Preachers perſwaded the people, that the putting to death of certaine wicked perſons, (meaning the Goſpellers) ſhoulde pacifie the wrath of God, who then plagued Germany with the ſweating ſicknes. Sleid.
Nicholas.Ann. 1524. one Nicholas of Antwerp, was apprehended, (preaching without the towne) by two butchers ſeruantes, and put into a ſack, and drowned by the Craue at Antwerp: Perſecutor, Charles the Emperour.
Iohan. Pictor.At the ſame time, Iohannes Pictorius, a learned man of Holland,A couragious martyr. and partly of kin to Eraſmus Roterodamus, was firſt ſtrangled, and then burned, pronouncing at his death: O death, where is thy victory? The Perſecutors, Margaret, aughter of Maximilian, princeſſe of Holland, M. Montane, M. Roſemund Inquiſitors, M. Iodocus Louering, Vicar of Mechling. He was condemned for ſpeaking againſt maſſe, and pardons, and ſubtile abuſes of prieſts.
Anno 1525. Mathias Weibel, 1525 M. Weibell.Schoolemaſter, was hanged by Campadonium in Sweuia, for ſaying ſomewhat agoinſt the Abbots firſt Maſſe, and againſt carrying about of relikes. The perſecutor was Sebaſtian Baiteſteni.
The ſame yere, a good prieſt being cōmanded to geue good councell to 16. Countreymen that ſhould be beheaded,A Prieſt martir. was afterward himſelfe bidden knéele downe, and had his head cut off, onelyonly for méere hatred againſt the Goſpel. The perſecutors were certaine noble men, after the commotion of Countreymen in Germanie. Ex Gaſtia.
Anno 1528. G. Sherrer, 1528 G. Sherrer.a Preacher, was put to death at Raſtat, frō Saltzburgh x. miles. He was condemned to bée burned aliue, but meanes was made that he was firſt beheaded. Going towards his death; he ſaide: That you may know I die a Chriſtian, I will geue you a ſigne, and ſo hée did: for when the head was ſtricken from his ſhoulders, the bodie falling vponupon the bellie,A ſigne. ſo continued the ſpace that one might well eate an egge: after that, it ſoftly turned it ſelfe vponupon the backe, and croſſed the right foote, and likewiſe, the right hand ouer the left. At the fight whereof, the Magiſtrates would not burne his bodie, but buried it with other Chriſtian mens bodies, Mat. Flat. Illiric.
An. 1522. At Dornick Henrie Flemming 1522 H. Fleming.was burned, by Balthaſar, Officiall. He was ſometimes a Frier, and being offered life by Balthaſar, if he would confeſſe his wife to be an harlot, denyed ſo to doe, and was thereupon burned at Dornicke.
Anno 1539. A good prieſt, dwelling not farre from Baſill, was ſlaine of his gueſt, another wicked drunken prieſt: for the which fact, the wicked prieſt was both diſmiſſed of his B. and had alſo a greater benefice geuē him for his worthie at. Ex Ioh. Gaſt. & Pantal.
Anno 1543. At Louaine 28. men and women were taken, that profeſſed the trueth, and tormented ſeuerally. Among whom, there was one Paulus, a Prieſt, of ſixtie yeres, who (ſtaggering in his confeſſion for feare of death) was had out of Louan, and condemned to perpetuall priſon, which was a ſtinking dungeon: where he was ſuffered neither to reade, nor write, and was fedde onelyonly with bread and water. Other two there were, who (beecauſe they had reuoked before) were burned, which they endured cherefullie.
There was alſo an old man, and two aged women, brought foorth: of which, the one was called Antonia, Antonia.of an auncient ſtock in that Citie. The man was condemned to be beheaded: the women to be burned quicke. The other which abiured not, were condemned to be burned. Ex Fran. Eucenate.
Anno 1544. At Louan was Maſter Perceuall, 1544 M. Perſeuall.of ye ſame Vniuerſitie, adiudged to perpetuall priſon, for reprehending certaine popiſh ſuperſtitions: and there fed with bread and water. At laſt, ſome iudge that either he was famiſhed, or ſecretly drowned, Ex Eucenate.
The ſame yeare, was Iuſtice Imſberge,Iuſtice Imſ. a Skinner of Louan, beheaded, his burning being pardoned, at the ſuite made to the Quéene: for ſpeaking againſt the P. ſupremacy, maſſe, purgatorie, and the real preſence, Ex Euc.
The ſame yere, one Giles Giles.of Bruxels, a Gutler, was burned for the teſtimonie of Ieſus. He was detected by the parſon of Bruxels. After they had kept him priſoner 8. months in Louan, they ſent him to Bruxels to be iudged: where he comforted diuers that were there in priſon: among whome alſo was Franciſcus Eucenas. F. Eucenas.He was in prayer ſo ardent, (knéeling by himſelfe in ſome ſecrete place) that he ſéemed to forget himſelfe: being called to meate, he neither ſaw, nor heard them that ſtoode by him many times, till he was takē vp by the armes. At ſundrie times he might hauehave eſcaped, (the doores being left open) but he would not, for bringing the kéeper in danger.
At the length, about the monethmonth of Ianuarie, he was aſſayed with torments, to confeſſe the truth (as they called it) which was, purgatorie, and to vtter mo of his fellowes, but it would not preuaile: then they ſecretely condemned him, for feare of the people. Standing before the hangman to be ſtrangled firſt, hée would not, ſaying: hée ſhould not néed to mitigate his payne, for I feare not (ſaith hée) the fire, doo therefore as thou art commaunded. After this the bleſſed martyr gaue teſtimonie to the truth in the fire. Franciſ. Eucenas.
An. 1543. and 1544. at Gaunt was very ſharpe perſecution,1543 Sharpe perſecution. as alſo in all Flanders, but ſpecially at Gaunt, there were many headmen burned for the truth.
And afterward the Emperour cōming to Bruxels, there was terrible ſlaughter and perſecution, eſpecially in Brabant, Hennegow, and Artoiſe. In ſo much that at one time as good as 200. 200. martyrs.men and women together, were brought out of the country about to the citie of whom ſome were drowned, ſome burned, ſome priuily made away, others ſent to perpetuall priſon. Ex Eucenate.
An. 1545. Martin Heurblot 1545 Martin Heurblot.a fiſhmonger, before he was conuerted to the Goſpell, a man of euill life, but afterward a ſincere profeſſor of the truth, was firſt tormēted, to declare and to bewray other of his profeſſion, which he would not doo: after, he was brought before the councell of Flanders, & was condemned the ninth of May, to be burnt at Gaunt in Verle place, for denying Purgatorie, the reall preſence, and praying for the dead. His perſecutors were the Franciſcane friers of Gaunt. Ex Pantal.
The next day Nicholas Vanpole, and Iohn de Bruck, Nicholas Vanpole, Iohn de Brucke.& his wife were burned at Gaunt for the ſame cauſes: the councell of Flaunders beyng perſecutors.
The ſame yéere at Delden a towne in the low country, Vrſula & Mary, Vrſula and Mary.of noble parentage were cōmitted to the fire, for profeſſing of ye truth. Firſt, Mary being the yoonger was put to the fire, where ſhe praied ardently for her enemies. Then the Iudges exhorted Vrſula to turne: if ſhée would not, at the leaſt ſhée ſhould require to be beheaded: but ſhée refuſed ſo to doo, and as touching the kind of death, ſhe ſaid ſhée feared not the fire, but rather would follow the example of her déere ſiſter that went before. The executioners could not conſume their bodies, but left them whole lying vppon the ground white: which certaine godly Chriſtians priuily tooke vp, and buried in the night. Ex Lud. Rab. Pantal. &c.
Two brethren and the mother.The ſame yéere Franciſcus and Nicholas brethren, with their mother Catherina, were condemned at Mechlin, for denying the Church of Rome, to be the Church of Chriſt: for the Sacrament in both kindes: for denying confeſſion, inuocation of Saints, and Purgatory. The mother was condemned to perpetuall priſon: the brethren after torments, were condemned to be burned: and leaſt they ſhould exhort the people, they had gagges, or bals of wood thruſt into their mouths: which they thorough vehemencie of ſpeach thruſt out againe: and ſang with a lowd voice, I beléeue in one God. The one féeling the flame come to his beard, ſaid: ah what a ſmall paine is this, in cōpariſon of the glory that is to come. There were beſides another yoonger brother, and a ſiſter with them in priſon, who being as yet not ſetled neither in doctrine nor yéeres, ſomwhat relented, and were deliuered. Ex Phil. Melanc.
The perſecutors were the parſon of S. Katherins, Doctor Tapertons, William Cericken ruler of Mechlin.
The ſame yéere, were apprehēded one Adrian & Marian his wife. The cauſe of their trouble was the edict of the Emperour againſt Lutherans, in the councell of Wormes. Adrian (for feare) gaue backe, and was onelyonly beheaded: ſhée was burned quicke, beyng encloſed in an iron grate, as the manner of that country is. Ex Pant. lib. 4.
The ſame yéere M. Peter Bruly Peter Bruly.preacher, after hée had endured foure moneths impriſonment, was iudged by the Emperours commiſſioners to be burned to aſhes, and his aſhes to be throwne into the riuer. The Prieſtes cauſed a ſmall fire to be made, to increaſe his paine: but he endured chéerfully, and conſtantly. He being ſearched for by the magiſtrates of Dornick, where he preached, was hidden, and at length, let downe in a baſket, ouer the citie wall, where he that let him down leaning ouer the wall to bid him farewel, cauſed vnawares, a ſtone to fall of the wall: which lighting vponupon him, brake his leg: and ſo he was token by the watch. Ex Lud. Rab. lib. 6.
The ſame yere, ſuffred Peter Miocius Peter Miociusa ſilkweauer, before his conuerſion, a very wicked man: but after, maruellouſly reformed by Peter Bruly afore mentioned: they firſt impriſoned him in a filthy dungeon, among frogges, toades, and filthy vermin. Shortly after, the Senate ſent for him: and when hee woulde hauehave anſwered vntounto their examinations, frō point to point: they interrupting him, bad him ſay, yea, or nay. Then ſaid he, if you will not ſuffer me to anſwereA round anſwere. for my ſelfe in matters of ſuch importaunce, then ſend me to priſon againe, among my toades, and frogs, which will not interrupt me, whē I talk with my Lord my God. So being condemned, with gunpowder put to his breſt, he was put to death, and endured the fire. The Friers hearing the crack of the powder on his breſt, told the people yt the diuel came out of him, and carried away his ſoule. There was at the ſame time, one Bergeban Bergeban.in priſon: whom, when the iudges ſent for, as one ſuſpected, being then out of the way, he conceiued thereof ſuch ſorow in his mind, that he went of his own accord, and preſented himſelf vntounto the iudges: wherevpon, (they being ſory for his voluntary appearaunce) they committed him to priſon, and after, the commiſſioners threatning him with cruel torments, & the Friers flattering him, to hauehave his puniſhment changed, & to be beheaded: he yelded vntounto them. The perſecutors were, the Senate of Dornick, and Doctor Haſurdus, a gray Frier. Ex Rabo, &c.
Anno 1546. Iohan. Diazius, a Spaniard, was martired, and killed of his owne brother, at Norberg in Germanie: where Diazius Iohan, Diazius killed by his brother.was buſie in printing of Bucers Booke. His brothers name, was Alphonſus, who brought with him frō Rome, a cut throate, and a ruffian, to kill his brother. To whom, he comming, & perſwading him to reuoke the truth, & the other refuſing ſo to do, he fained himſelfe to depart, & took his leaue of his brother: and by the way, buying an hatchet of a carpenter, ſent his man diſguiſed, with letters to his brother, himſelfe following after: as Iohn Diazius in the morning was riſing out of his bed, to read the letters: the wretched hangman, with the hatchet, claue his head inſunder to the braines, leauing the hatchet in his head: and ſo he, with Alphonſus, tooke them to their héeles. They of Norberg hearing of the fact, made after them, and one of the cō pany ouertooke them, and cauſed them to be put in priſon at Genipont: but the Papiſts handeled the matter ſo, that the Emperour tooke it into his owne hearing, and no iudgement was giuen. Ex Claudio Senarclero.
Ann. 1546. Charles the Emp. held an armed Councell at Auguſta,1546 An armed coū cel at Auguſta. The interim. after his victory gotten of the Germains: where, Iulius Vfling, Michael Sidonius, and Iohn Iſlebius, going about to concord together the Goſpel of Chriſt with popiſh traditions, drewe out a newe religion, called an Interim, which the Emp. endeuoured with the ſword to mainteine: and vnderſtanding, that among other, the citizens of Conſtantia refuſed his Interim, purpoſed to ſurpriſe them: but the Spaniards were driuen backe, and their captaine Alphonſus ſlaine. Ex Sleid. lib. 21.
At the ſame time, many godly miniſters of the churches in Germany, were in great danger, ſpecially, ſuch as refuſed the Interim: of whom, ſome were caſt in priſon, as Martine Frectius, ſuperintendent of Vlms, with foure other preachers mo.
Alſo, his brother George, for comming to his houſe, but to comfort him: for which cauſe Muſculus the ſame time, with other preachers mo, went from Auſpurgh, Brentius from Hala, Blanrerus from Conſtance, Bucer from Strauſburgh.
In Hungary a certaine godly prieſt,A prieſt in Hungary. becauſe he preached that eating of fleſh was not forbidden in the Scriptures, the Biſhop cauſed his body to be tied round about with hares, géeſe, and hennes,A ſtraunge crueltie. and ſo cauſed dogges to be ſet vponupon him, which cruelly tare and rent his body to death. Within few dayes after, the vile Biſhop fell ſicke and died madde. Ex tomo 2. Conwal. ſerm.
Anno 1547. the Duke of Saxonie,The Duke of Saxonie Iohn Fredericke beyng taken priſoner of the Emperour at Albis, the 24. of April, becauſe he would not forſake the trueth, was 5. yeres detained from his wife and children, and carried about with the Emperor. At the laſt, 1552. 1552 Lantgraue of Heſſe.he was ſet at libertie, and continued in his religion, till the houre of his death. Sleid. lib. 19.
Such alſo was the caſe of Philip, the Lantgraue of Heſſe: who was ſixe daies after the Duke of Saxonie, fréed out of long captiuity. Lib. 9. & 24.
Anno 1547. Hermannus, Archbiſhop of Colen,1547 Hermannus Archb. of Colē. was depoſed by the Emperour: becauſe he had reformed his church of certaine Papiſticall ſuperſtitions, vſing therein the aduiſe of Martin Bucer. In his roome was placed Adolphus Earle of Scauenburgh. Sleid. 18.
An. 1549. 1549 Martirdome for the trueth.Nicholas, a Frenchman, and Barbara his wife, with one Marion, the wife of Auguſtinus, a Barber, a godly man, ſuffered: who fled, and trauelling towards Englande, paſſing by Dornick, were there detected to ye Lieutenant of Dornick and ſo carried to Bergis, and there put into a dungeon. And afterward, Nicholas Nicholas. Marion.was condemned to be burned, Marion, wife of Auſtin, to be buried quick. Nicholas (going to the place of execution) was commanded to ſpeake nothing to the people: Yet (forgetting his ſilence vntounto ye people) hée cryed with a loud voice: Charles, Charles, how long ſhall thy hart be hardened?A worthy martyr. wherevpon one of the ſouldiers gaue him a blow, and the Friers cried, he hath a Diuell. To whom he ſpake the verſe of the pſalme: Depart from me all ye wicked, for the Lord hath hard the voice of my weeping. Ex Lud. Rab. & alijs.
Auguſtine.A while after, Auguſtine the huſband of Marian was taken at Bellemount in Hennegow, & was caried to Bergis, where he was burned, hartily calling vponupon the Lord. Ex Criſp. & alijs.
1551 Two virgins.Anno 1551. at Bamberg two virgins were burned for the teſtimonie of the truth: they had garlandes of ſtraw put vponupon their heads: wherevpon one comforted another, ſaying: Chriſt bare a Crowne of thornes, and why ſhoulde not wée weare a crowne of ſtrawe? &c. Ex Phil. Melancth.
The ſame time, the citie of Magdeburg,Magdeburg. for refuſing the Emperors Interim, had béen diſtreſſed the ſpace of a whole yéere: but by reaſon of warre, which fell that time betwixt the Emperour, and the French king, they were receiued into fauour, and ſuffered to enioy their former religion quietly. Sleid. lib. 23.
Anno 1555. one Hoſtius, 1555 Hoſtius.otherwiſe called George, for reprouing a Frier that preached falſe doctrine, touching the Sacrament of the Lordes body: after his Sermon in the Church, was apprehended by Heſſelius, the Chamberlayne, and firſt being ſtrangled, was afterward conſumed with fire. Ex Lud. Rab,
Anno 1554. Iohannes Friſius 1554 Ioh, Friſius.Abbot of Newſtate in Bauaria, was depoſed, for mayntayning the trueth. The 25. of Iune.
Anno 1555. Bertrand le Blaſſe, 1555 Ber. le Blas.a Silke-weauer, wente vponupon Chriſtmas day, to the high Church of Dornick, where (the Prieſt being at maſſe) he tooke the cake out of his hāds, as he would hauehave lifted it ouer his head, and ſtamped it vnderunder his féete. For which fact, he was firſt drawen to the caſtle of Dornick, to the market place (being before thriſe tormented on the pinebanke.) Then he was ſet vponupon a Stage, where his right hand (wherewith hee tooke the hoſte) was cruſhed, and preſſed betwixt two hote Irons, till the forme and faſhion of his hand was miſhapen. In like maner, they vſed his right foote, which he thruſt out of his owne accord,A wonderfull conſtancie. to be vſed as his hand was before. This done, they tooke the ball of Iron out of his mouth, and cut out his tongue: who (notwithſtanding) with continuall crying, ceaſed not to call vponupon God. Whereupon, the Tormentors put the Iron bal into his mouth againe.
From thence they brought him downe into the lower Stage: he going to the ſame as quietly, and cherefullie, as if no part of his bodie had béene hurt. There, his hands and legges were bound behind him with an Iron chaine, and ſo he was let vp and down into the fire flatte, ſo long, till his whole bodie was conſumed to aſhes, which were (by the Gouernors commaundement) caſt into the riuer.
This done, the Chappel where the cruſtie godThe cruſtie Ood. receiued the ſhame, was locked vp, and the boorde wherupon ye prieſt ſtoode, burnte: the marble ſtone, on which the god brake his neck, was broken to péeces. And foraſmuch, as Bertrād had receaued his doctrine at Weſell, commandement was geuen, that no perſon of that Countrey, ſhould goe to Weſel, vnderunder incurring the danger of the Emperors plackard. Ex Criſp. Plant. & alijs.
The ſame yere 200. miniſters, and preachers of the Goſpell, were baniſhed out of Bohemia,200 preachers baniſhed Boheme. Miniſters of Lorrain baſhed. for preaching againſt the ſuperſtition of the B. of Rome. Sleid. l. 25. At the ſame time alſo, the miniſters of Lorrain were baniſhed by the v. popiſh Pages, whom the Tigurins did receiue. Panc.
An. 1562. Frances Warbut, and Alexander Daiken, 1562 F. Warlut, A. Daiken.were beheaded at Dornick for the profeſſion of the trueth, and yet their bodies committed to ſepulture: they ſinging Pſalmes when they went to execution, Ex Eud. Rab.
Gillotus Viuer, Gil. Viuer.Iames Fabers father in law, Michaell Faber, ſonne to Iames Faber; Anna, wife to Gillotus, and daughter of Iames, were burned at Valence, for the teſtimonie of the trueth. Perſecutors Earle Lalaine.
Anno 1550. At Valence, was Michella, 1550 Michella,wife to Iames Clerke, who ſuffered before, burned alſo wt Gillotus. Criſp.
An. 1552. Godfrey Hamel 1552 G. Hamell.a tayler, was burned at Dornick, or Turney: and when (to diminiſh his paine) the hangman would firſt hauehave ſtrangled him, he refuſed it, ſaying, he would abide the Iudges ſentence. Ex eod.
Beſide theſe martirs, a number ſuffered in the higher, and lower Germanie: ſome ſecretely made away, ſome burned, and ſome drowned.
Anno Domini 1555. At Bergis, ſuffered Iohn Malo, 1555 Iohn MaloDamian Wittrock, Weldrew Calier, Iohn Porceaw, burned quick.
An. 1541. Suffered one Iulian, & Adrian Lopphen, 1555
At Bruxels, 1559. was one Baldwine beheaded: another alſo called Gillekin Tilman burnt.
An. 1541. William Swole, burnt at Mechlin.
An. 1529. Nicholas Paul beheaded at Gaunt.
Robert Orginer, and Iane his wife, with Bandicon, and Martin Orginer, their children, ſuffered at Liſle, in the yere 1556.Parents and children martired together, 1556
Maſter Nicholas, and Iames Foſdaw, burnte at Mous, Cornelius Volcart, at Brugis, anno 1553. Habert the printer, and Philip Iopner, at Bruges, anno 1553. A woman buried with thornes vnderunder her. Peter le Ronp at Bruges, anno 1552. At Mechline ſuffered Frances, and Nicholas Thijs, two brethren, anno 1555. At Antwerpe were burned Adrian a painter, and Henrie, a Tayler, an. 1555. Alſo Cornelius Halewine, Lockſmith, and Herman Iohnſon, ye ſame yere. M. Iohn Champ, Scholemaſter, anno 1557. With a number mo, which are to be ſéene in a dutch boke of Adrian.
Anno 1525. A certaine Monke, becauſe he forſooke his abominable order, & married, was burnt at Prage. A godly preacher was poiſoned by ye prieſts at Erford. Ex Pantal.
Thus farre the Duch martyrs.