Abridgment of the Book of Acts and Monuments by Timothy Bright, Volume 1 · Book 4 (1 of 3)

Abridgment of the Book of Acts and Monuments by Timothy Bright · Volume 1 · Book 4 (1 of 3)

p. 133The fourth booke.

ANno 1067. 1067William Conqueror was crowned king,W. Conqueror by the handes of Aldredus, Biſhop of Yorke, for ſo much as Stigandus, Archbiſhop of Canterburie was thē abſent) on Chriſtmas day.

William exerciſed great crueltieCrueltie of the Conqueror. vponupon the Engliſh Nation, and abrogated Edwards lawes, and eſtabliſhed his own, for his profite. He placed his people in all offices, Spirituall and Tē porall. And ſuch was the reproch of Engliſh men,An Engliſhmā a name of reproch. that it was a name of ſhame. And thus now the fift time, the land was by diuers Nations afflicted. Firſt, by the Romans, in y^e time of Iulius Ceſar. Then, by Scots, and Pictes. After,England. fiue times ouerrun. by Saxons, and then by Danes, which continued from y^e reign of Ethelwolfe, 230. yeres, till K. Edward. And fiftly, by the Normans.

In the fourth yere of K. William, betwéene Eaſter and Whitſontide, was helde a Councell at Wincheſter, of the Cleargie of England: In which were preſent, two Cardinals, ſent from pope Alexander the ſecond, Peter and Iohn. In that Councell, (the king being preſent) were depoſed many Prelates of the Engliſh Nation, without any euidēt cauſe, that the kings Normans might be placed.Normans placed. Srigandus Archbiſhop depoſed. Among whom, Stigandus the Archbiſhop was put downe for thrée cauſes. The firſt. for that he had wrongfullie holden the biſhoprick, while Robert the Archbiſhop was liuing. The ſecond, for that he receiued the Pall of Benedict, who was depoſed. The third, for that he occupied the Pall without lawfull authoritie of the Court of Rome.

So Stigandus was depoſed, and kept in Wincheſter, as p. 114a priſoner during his life.

At the ſame time was preferred to the Archbiſhoprick of York, Thomas, a Norman, and Chanon of Bayon: at which time alſo, Lanfrancus Abbot of Cadomonencie, a Lombard, and Italian borne, was ſent for, and made Archbiſhoppe of Canterburie.Lanfrāk, archbiſhop of Canterburie. Contention of primacie. Betwixt him and the Archb. of Yorke there grew great contention for the oath of obedience. But in the end, through the king, Thomas was contented to ſubſcribe obedience to the other. After, the Archb. went to Rome for their Palles, with Remigius B. of Dorceſter: w^tout which no Archb. nor B. could be confirmed. And to Lanf. Alexāder (for y^e eſtimatiō of his learning) gaue ij. palles:2. palles geuen to Lanfrank. one of honor, the other of louelove, he obteined alſo for the other ij. their cōfirmation. Now againe began the controuerſie of Primacie to be renued before the P. who ſent thē home to end y^e matter, & to hauehave it determined. So returned they to Englād an. 1070 1070and y^e 6. yere of this W. the matter was brought befor the K. & clergie at Windſor: where (after much debating on both ſides) Th. gaue ouer: condiſcending, that the firſt of his prouince ſhould beginne at Humber. Whereupon it was decréed, that Yorke for that time ſhould be ſubiect to Cant.York ſubiect to Cant. in matters appertaining to the Church. So that whereſoeuer within England, Canterburie would hold his Councel, the Biſhops of Yorke ſhould reſort thether, with their biſhops, and be obedient to his decrées Canonicall. Prouided moreouer, y^t when the Archb. of Canterburie ſhould deceaſe, Yorke ſhould depart to Douer, there to conſecrate (with other) the B. that ſhould be elect: and if Yorke ſhould deceaſe, his ſucceſſor ſhould reſort to Canterburie, or els where the Biſhop of Cant. ſhould appoint, there to receiue his cōſecratiō, making his profeſſion there, w^t an oath of canonical obedience.

In the daies of this Lanfrancus, Archb. of Canterburie, anno 1076. 1076diuers biſhops ſeates were altered from townſhips, to great cities:Biſhops ſeates altered from from townes to great cities. as, of Sealeſey, to Chicheſter: out of Cornwall, to Exceter: from Welles, to Bath: from Shireburne p. 135to Saliſburie, from Dorceſter to Lincolne, frō Lichfield to Cheſter. Which biſhoprike of Cheſter, Robert then B. reduced from Cheſter to Couentrie. Likely it is alſo, that the ſea of the archbiſhop was tranſlated from Douer to Canterbury, or that Canterbury in old time had the name of Dorobernia: as doth by diuerſe teſtimonies appéere.

In the 9. yéere of this kings raigne, by y^e procurement of Lanfrancus, was a councel holden at London: where among other things it was firſt enacted,Eccleſiaſticall decrees. y^t the Archb. of Yorke ſhold ſit on the right hand, & the B. of Lōdon on the left, or in y^e abſence of Yorke, London on the right hand, & Wincheſter on the left hand of the archbiſhop in councell. 2. That biſhops ſhould tranſlate their ſeas from villages to cities. 3. That monkes ſhould hauehave nothing in proper, and if they had died vncōfeſſed, they ſhould not be buried in churchyard. 4. That no Clarke or Monke of another Dioces ſhould be admitted to orders, or retained without letters cōmendatorie. 5. That none ſhould ſpeake in the Councell except Biſhops, & Abbots, without the leaue of the Archmetropolitane. 6. That none ſhould marie within y^e ſeuenth degree with anie of his owne kindred, or of his wiues departed. 8. That no ſorcerie ſhould be vſed in the Church. 9. That none of y^e clergy ſhould be preſent at the iudgement of anie mans death, or diſmembring: neither ſhould be anie fautor of the ſaid iudicants.

In the daies of this Lanfrancus, Waltelmus B. of Wintō, had placed about fortie Canons in ſted of Monks, ſo that the part of Prieſts was taken againe againſt Monkes.Prieſts yet againſt Monks. But it held not: Lanfrancus oppoſing himſelfe againſt the ſame. He wrote a booke againſt Berengarius called Opus ſcintillarū. His owne church of Canterburie he pulled down, & builded a new. He ſate ninetéene yéeres, and being not ſo fauoured of William Rufus, he died for ſorrow.Lanfranke dieth for ſorow.

After Pope Alexander followed Pope Hildebrand, ſurnamed Gregorie the 7. an. 1074. 1074He was a ſorcerer,Pope Hildebrand a ſorcerer. & firſt began to ſpurne againſt the Emperours, who before time p. 136confirmed the Popes and called Councels: but this Pope truſting vponupon the Normans, that then ruffled in Apulia, Calabria, and Campania, truſting alſo vponupon the power of Machtilda a ſtout woman there about Rome, and partly bearing himſelfe bold for the diſcord that then was among the Germanes:Hildebrand contemneth the Emperour. Both the ſwordes. Pope can not erre. firſt contemned the authoritie of the Emp. & vanted he had both ſwords committed vntounto him of Chriſt. Wherevpon he chalenged the dominion both of the Eaſt & Weſt churches, & boaſted he could not erre: and that he had receiued of Chriſt & Peter, power to bind & looſe: he decréed againſt married prieſtes, whoſe wiues in theſe daies were called Preſbitereſſe:Preſbitereſſe. forbidding men to ſalute them, to talke with them, or to kéepe cōpany with them: and to this end among others he wrote letters to Otho B. of Conſtance cō cerning this matter, who reſiſted y^e pope herein. The coūcell of Hildebrand againſt maried prieſts was holdē at Rome.Councell againſt marriage of prieſts The clergy of Fraunce alſo withſtood it, alledging that decrée to be againſt Gods lawes,The decree againſt marriage reſiſted. and the law of nature.

The Germain miniſters did alſo mightily withſtand the ſame, ſo y^t the archb. of Mentz in a councell vrging y^e matter with the popes legate called Curienſis, hardly eſcaped with their liues, & ſo the councell brake vp. By this ſchiſme,A ſchiſme. it folowed y^t the churches after y^t, in chooſing their prieſts, would not ſend them to the biſhops to be confirmed; but did elect thē within themſelues, & ſo put them in their office without all knowledge of y^e biſhops: who were determined to admit no prieſts, but ſuch as were to take an oth of perpetuall ſinglenes, and ſo firſt came vp the profeſſion of ſingle prieſthood.

Hildebrand a villanous pope.This Hildebrand was a moſt wicked, & reprobate monſter; a ſorcerer, a necromancer, an old cōpanion of Silueſter, Theophilactus, & Laurentius coniurers, Benno cardinall of Rome ſetteth out many of his villanous acts. Aſſoone as pope Alexāder was dead, who died ſomewhat before night, the ſame day (contrary to the canons) he was choſen pope of the Laymen; but the Cardinals ſubſcribed not to his electiō. p. 137For by the Canons, vnderunder paine of curſing, none ſhould bée choſen vnderunder 3. daies after y^e burial of his predeceſſ.None choſen Pope vnderunder 3. daies after his predeceſſors buriall. He alſo put the Cardinals from his councel, and ſociety; ſo that none could beare witnes of his life, faith, and doctrine: wheras the Canons command, that in eueryevery place where the Pope is, ſhould be with him 3. Cardinals, being prieſts, and 2. deacons, becauſe of his eccleſiaſtical teſtimony. He excommunicated the Emperor,The Pope excōmunicateth the Emperour. being in no ſynode ſolemnly accuſed before: whereto none of the cardinals would ſubſcribe. Aſſoon as he had roſe out of his papal ſeate, to excommunicate the Emperor, it (being made a little before with bigge timber) ſodainly rent and ſhiuered in pieces. He appointed one to lay great ſtones ouer the Church roofe of S. Maries in y^e mount Auentine, whether the Emperor was wont to go to prayer: to the end, by throwing thē downe the vault, he might ſlay y^e Emperour at his praiers.The pope practiſeth to kill the Emperour while he prayeth. Which while the hireling was doing, by remouing a ſtone, it broke the plank wheron it lay, and the hireling ſtanding thereon, both fell downe together: and ſo he was with the ſame ſtone daſhed in pieces. Alſo enquiring of the Sacrament of the altar an anſwere, (as an oracle againſt y^e Emperor:) becauſe it wold giuegive no anſwer,Hildebrand aſketh counſell of the hoſt, and caſteth it in the fire, becauſe it would not anſwere. he threw it into the fire, and burned it, contrarie to the perſwaſion of the Cardinals. His villanies were infinite: in ſo much that diuers of the colledges of the Church of Rome refuſed to communicate with him. He perſwaded the Emperour to depoſe thoſe Biſhoppes that came in by Simony: which he did without delay, & after Hildebrand reſtored the ſame againe, to procure their friendſhips vntounto himſelfe, and to make the Emperour odious vntounto them: and after much vexing of him, cauſed him by force and violence to accuſe himſelfe at Canuſium, in his preſence, who had excommunicated him. The Emperour comming on his bare féete,The Emperor barefoot to the Pope. clothed in thinne garments in the ſharpe Winter, was there thrée daies made a ſpectacle to the world, and a ieſt to Hildebrand. Too long it were to declare all the deteſtable p. 138acts of this Hildebrand.

About what time Hildebrand was made Pope, Henricus 4. the Emperor, was encombred with warres in Germany, by Otho duke of Saxons. Now vponupon y^e point hereof, Hildebr. curſed al thoſe, that being lay mē, gaue any ſpiritual promotiōs, or receiued any at their hands: her by thinking to wring al authority frō temporal men, and to take it to the ſpiritualty: and ſent for the Emperor, now buſie in warres to appeare at the Councel of Laterane in Rome. Where the emperor could not (being buſie in his warres) appeare. The Pope threatneth he would excommunicate him,A popiſh interpretation of ſymony. & except he would abiure ſimonie, as they called it, & do penance, (he called ſymonie, giuing & taking ſpiritual liuings at lay mens hāds) he would alſo depoſe him from his regal dignity. The Emp. being moued with the arrogancy of the Pope, called a councel at Wormes, in which al the Biſh. of the whole empire of Germany cōcluded vponupon the depoſing of Hildebrād: A terrible popeand ſent Roulandus, a prieſt of Parmen with the ſentence, who there denounced the ſame. Hildebrand tickled with the ſentence, firſt condemneth it in his Councell of Laterane, with excommunication. Secondly, depriueth Sigfridus archbiſhop of Mentz, of all his dignities: with all the prelates & prieſts, that tooke the Emperours part. Thirdly, he accuſeth Henricus the Emperor himſelfe, depriuing him of his kingdome, and regall poſſeſſion, and releaſeth his ſubiectes of their oath made vntounto him.The Emp. fain to yeeld to the Pope. The Princes of Germany tooke this occaſion to rebell againe, and concluded to elect another Emperour, and to fall from Henrie, vnleſſe the Pope would come into Germany, & he there content to ſubmit himſelfe, & ſo obtain his pardon. Wherto the Emp. ſeing no other way, with an oath agréed: whervpon, the Biſhop of Triers was ſent Ambaſſadour to intreate the Pope to come into Germany, whereto he yéelded: and in his way when he came to Vercellos, the biſhop of that citie, bearing a grudge to the Emperor, perſwaded the pope, that he was cōming againſt p. 139him with a mighty power: willing him to prouide for himſelfe, wherevpon the pope beyng afraid returned to Canuſium or Canuſus, a citie ſubiect to Matilda a Counteſſe in Italie. Whereof the Emperour vnderſtanding, incontinent comming out of Spires with his wife & his yoong ſonne, in the déepe and ſharpe winter, reſorted to Canuſus without any company, for they were al afraid of the popes curſe: and laying apart his regall ornaments, came barefooted, with his wife and child to the gate of Canuſus: The Emperor brought vnderunder the Popes foote.where he from morning to night all the day faſting, moſt humbly deſired abſolution, crauing to be let in to the ſpeach of the Pope: which could not be graunted of thrée daies. At laſt it was aunſwered, that the Pope had no leaſure to ſpeake with him: yet notwithſtanding, through his importunate ſute, and intreatie of Matilda, the Popes paramour, and of Aleranus Earle of Sebaudia, and the Abbot of Cluniacke: it was graunted, that hée ſhould be admitted to the Popes ſpéech. On the fourth day, being let in, for token of true repentance, he yéelded to the Popes handes, his crowne, and all his imperiall ornaments,The Emp. yeldeth his crown to the Pope. and confeſſed himſelfe vnworthy of the empire, if euer he doe ſo againe againſt the Pope: and humbly required abſolution. The pope anſwered, hée would not releaſe him, but vponupon conditions: Firſt, that hée ſhalbe content to ſtand to his arbitremēt in the Couecel, & to take ſuch penance as he ſhould appoint him: & that he ſhould be readie to appeare in ſuch place, and time, as the P. ſhould appoint him.

Moreouer, being content to take the P. as Iudge, ſhould anſwere in the ſaid Councel, to all accuſations laide againſt him: & that he ſhould neuer ſeeke any reuēge hereafter. Alſo, though he were quit, & cléered therein, ſhould ſtād to the P. minde, whether to hauehave his kingdome reſtored, or to loſe it.Hard conditions. Finally, that before the triall of his cauſe, he ſhould vſe no ornamēts of his crown or empire: nor to gouerne, or exact any oath of his ſubiects. Theſe things being promiſed of the p. 140Emperour by oth. He onelyonly releaſed him of excommunication, & afterward, fearing leaſt the Emperor ſhould hereafter,Henricus 4. depoſed. when he had obtained peace among his people make reuenge, they concluded to deriue the Empire to Rodolphus a great ſtate of Germanie: and ſent into France to declare the Emperour to be rightly excommunicated, and to require the conſents of the French men, to elect Rodolphus: to whom the pope ſent a crowne with this ſentence, The Rock gaue this crowne to Peter, Petra dedit Petro.& Peter giueth it to Rodolph: and gaue in commaundement to the archbiſhop of Mentz, and Collen, to elect this Rodolphus for Emperour. Which newes being brought to Henricus the Emperour, he muſtereth his men to defend his right: and truſting vpō the league betwéene him and the Pope, ſendeth to Rome, requiring him to procéed with his ſentence againſt Rodolphus, for the rebellious inuaſion of his empire. The pope refuſed to denounce Rodolphus: Rodolph. choſē emperor.and after they had tried twiſe with the ſword, & much bloodſhed, he ſendeth downe a commiſſion by Otho Archbiſhop of Treuers, Bernardus deacon, and Bernardus Abbot of Maſſilia, to whom he gaue charge to call a Councell in Germanie, and there to define whether ſhould be Emperour, promiſing that he would ratifie him whome they ſhould chooſe: but the Emperour would not permit the Legates to holde any councel in Germany, except they wold firſt depriue Rodolphus of his kingdome. Whereupon, the Legates returned againe without their purpoſe: which moued the Pope once againe to thunder out his excommunication againſt him: thinking thereby, to further Rodolphus.

Alſo, he enditeth, and depoſeth Gimbertus, Archb. of Rauenna, for taking the Emp. part: and ſendeth to Rauenna an other Archb. with ful authority. VponUpon this, they fought againe: where Rodolphus, Rod. wounded to death.(hauing his deaths wound,) was carried to Hyperbolis, where he commaunded the Biſhops and chiefe doers of his conſpiracie to be brought vntounto him: p. 141who (when they came) he lifted vp his right hand, in which he had taken his deadly woūd, and ſaid: this is the hand that gaue the oath, and Sacrament to Henricus my Prince, and which (through your inſtigation) hath ſo oft fought againſt him in vaine. Now go, and performe your firſt oath to your K. for I muſt goe to my fathers: and ſo died.

After this, the Emperor hauing ſubdued his enemie, called a Councell of diuers Biſhops: of Italie, Lombardie, and Germanie, at Bryxia, an. 1083. 1066Where hee purged himſelfe, and accuſed the Pope of diuers crimes:Crimes againſt the P. as, to be an vſurper; periured; a Negromancer; a ſorcerer; and ſower of diſcord; &c. When, notwithſtāding he ſwore with others, in the the time of his father, Henricus the third, that during his time, and his ſonnes, they would ſuffer none to aſpire, (nor they themſelues) to the ſeate of Papacie, without the conſent of the Emperours. Wherefore, that Councell condemned this Gregorie, to be depoſed: and ſent the tenor to Rome, and elected Gimbertus, Archbiſhop of Rauenna, named Clemens the thirde, whom the Emperor by force of armes placed in that Sea. Not long after this, Hildebrand died in exile,Hildebrand depoſed, dieth in baniſhment. and as Antoninus wryteth, lying on his death bed, he bewayled his faults, and ſent a Cardinall to y^e Emp. deſiring forgeuenes, abſoluing alſo him & his part-takers, quicke, & dead, from the ſentence of excommunication.

About the death of Pope Hildebrand, or not long after, followed the death of K. William Conqueror,W. Conqueror dieth. anno 1090. 1090after that he had reigned xxvij. yeres & x. moneths, who ſetting on fire the Citie of Meaux in Fraunce, and being buſie thereabout, ouer heat himſelfe, fell ſick, and died. He was ſo hard to Engliſhmen, that, as there was no Engliſh Biſhop remayning, but onelyonly Wolſtane of Worceſter, who being commanded of the K. and Lanfrank, to reſigne vp his ſtaffe, partly for inhabilitie, partly for lack of the French tongue: refuſed otherwiſe to reſigne it, but only to him that gaue it: and ſo went to the tombe of K. Edw. where he thought to reſigne p. 142it, but was permitted to enioy it ſtil: ſo likewiſe, there was almoſt no Engliſhmā, that bare office of honor or rule. In ſo much, that it was halfe a ſhame at that time, to be called an Engliſhman. Yet was he ſomewhat fauorable to the Citie of London, and graunted them the firſt charter that euer they had, written in the Saxon tongue, and ſealed with gréene waxe. He was much geuen to maintain peace in his land:The conqueror geuen to make peace in his land. ſo that a mayden loded with gold, might hauehave traueled ſafely through the ſame. He builded two monaſteries, one, at Batel in Suſſex, where he wan the field againſt Harold: and another at Barmonſeie, in the Countrey of Normandy. There were ſlaine on y^e ſide of Harold, Great ſlaughter of Engliſhmen.66634. Engliſhmē. Of the cōquerors ſide, 6013. in the battel fought betwixt thē.

The firſt B. of SaliſburieThe firſt B. of Saliſburie. was Hermannꝰ, a Normand, who firſt began the new church, & minſter there. After whō ſuccéeded Oſmundꝰ, who finiſhed the work, and repleniſhed the houſe with great liuing, & much good ſinging. This Oſmundus began the ordinary firſt, which was called ſecundū vſum Sarū, Secundum vſum Sarum.an. 1076. 1076The occaſion whereof, was a great cō tention y^e chanced at Glaſſenbury, betwéene Thurſtanus the Abbot, & his Couent, in the daies of W. Conqueror, whō he had brought with him out of Normandy, from the Abbey of Cadonius & placed him Abbot of Glaſſēb. The cauſe of this contention was, for y^e Thurſt. the abbot, & his couent, contē ning their quire ſeruice, then called the vſe of S. Gregorie, cōpelled his monks to the vſe of one W. a monk of Fiſcā, in Normādy:The vſe of Gregorie. The Ab killeth his monkes. ſo it grew from worde to blowes & from blowes to armour: ſo y^t the abbot ſlew ij. monks at the ſteppes of the altar, &c. This matter being brought before the K. the Abbot was ſent again to Cadonius, & the monks by cōmandement of the K. ſcattered in farre countreis. Thus by occaſion hereof, Oſmund. B. of Saliſ. deuiſed y^e ordinarie, that was called the vſe of Sarū, and afterward was receiued in a maner, throughout England, Ireland, and Wales.

W. left after his death by his wife Mawd, 3. ſonnes, Robert p. 143Courteſey, to whom he gaue the duchie of Normandie, William Rufus his 2. ſon, to whom he gaue y^e kingdome of England, & Henry the 3. ſonne, to whom he gaue his treaſure.

About this time there was a certain B. dwelling betwixt Collen & Mētz, who hauing ſtore in time of famine, & would not reléeue the poore, was eatē with miſe,A biſhop eaten with miſe. Rats tower. though he builded in y^e mids of Rhine a tower to kéepe himſelfe in againſt thē, It is called at this day of the duchmen Rats tower.

An. 1088. 1088W. Rufus the ſecond ſonne began his raigne, & raigned 13. yéeres, being crowned at Weſtm. by Lanfrācus.

Robert Courtſey hearing how Rufus had taken vppon him the kingdome,Williā Rufus. made preparation of warre againſt his brother, but was by him appeaſed without fight. This variance betwixt the two brethren, cauſed diſſention among the Normā B. & Lords, both in England & Normandy, ſo that almoſt al y^e Normā B. rebelled againſt their K. except Lanfrancus and Wolſtan B. of Worceſter an Engliſh man.

In the 3. yere of Rufus, died Lancfrancus, Lancfranke dieth.the Archb. after whoſe deceaſe, the Sea ſtood empty 4. yéeres.

Remigius biſhop of Dorceter, remoued his ſea from thēce to Lincolne, and builded the minſter there. By him alſo was founded the monaſtery of Staue.

Herbert Loſinga, at this time remoouing his ſea from Thetford to Norwich, there erected y^e cathedral church, with the Cloiſter: where he furniſhed the Monkes with ſufficiēt rents, and liuings of his owne charge beſides his Biſhops lāds.Nothing from the king, but for money. He bought his biſhoprick of y^e K. for monie (as nothing came from him but for money,) whereupon, repenting him of ſimonie, he went to Rome, and reſigned it to the Popes handes, of whom he receiued it preſently again. This Herbert was the ſonne of an Abbot, called Robert.

After Pope Hildebrand ſuccéeded Victor 3. ſet vp by Matilda, and the Duke of Normandie.Victor 3. pope. With the faction of Hild. This Victor alſo ſhewed himſelf ſtout againſt the emperor: and ſo all his Succeſſors, according to the example of p. 144Hildebrand: Victor poiſoned in his chalice.he ſat but one yéere and an halfe; as they ſay, being poiſoned in his chalice. In the time of Victor began the order of the Monkes of the Charterhouſe, by meanes of one Hugo B. of Grationople,Charterhouſe monkes. and of Bruno biſhop of Collen

Next to Victor ſat Vrbanus 2. Vrbanus pope.by whom the acts of Hildebrand were confirmed, and new decrées enacted againſt

In Henricus the Emperour.

this time were two Popes at Rome:Two popes at once. Vrbanus, and Clemens the third, whom the Emperour ſet vp.

VnderUnder Pope Vrbane, came in the white monkes of Ciſtercian order,White mōks. by one Stephen Harding a monke of Schirborne an Engliſhman: by whom this order had beginning in the wildernes of Ciſtery, within the Prouince of Burgonie, ann. 1098. 1098It was brought into England, by one called Eſpecke, that builded an Abbey of the ſame order, cal-Merinale. In this order, the Monkes did liue by the labour of their hands: they paid no tithes, nor offerings: they ware no furr, nor liuing: they ware red ſhoes, their cowles white, and coate blacke: all ſhorne ſaue a litle circle: they eate no fleſh, but onelyonly in their iourney.

This Vrbanus had diuers councels: one at Rome, where he excommunicated al ſuch lay perſons as gaue inueſture of any eccleſiaſtical benefice: & al ſuch of the cleargy, as abiected themſelues to be vnderlings, to Lay perſons for benefices.

Another Councell he helde at Claremount in Fraunce: In which, was agréed the voyage againſt the Saracens, for recouerie of the holy Lande: where thirtie thouſande men being perſwaded by the Popes Oration, and taking vponupon them the ſigne of the Croſſe for their cogniſance, made preparation for the voyage: whoſe Captaines were, Godwine Duke of Lorraine, with his two Brethren, Euſtace, and Baldwine, Voyage againſt the Saracens.the Biſhop of Padue, Bohemund, the D. of Puell: and his neuew Tancredus, Raymund Earle of Saint Egidius, Robert Earle of Flaunders, and Hugh Le grand brother to Philip the French king. To whom alſo was p. 145ioined Robert Corthoiſe duke of Normandie, and diuerſe mo, with one Peter an Heremite,Peter the Heremite. who complaining of the miſery that the Chriſtians ſuſtayned there, was the chiefe cauſe of that voyage, an. 1096. 1096Which cōpany was trapped, and ſlain in great number among the Bulgars, néere to the towne called Ciuitus: the reſt paſſed on,Ieruſalē won from the Saracens. and beſieged Ieruſalem, and wan it of the Infidels in the 39. day of the ſiege: and Godfry captaine of the Chriſtian army, was proclaimed firſt king of Ieruſalem.

About this time the K. of England fauoured not much the church of Rome, 1098Prohibition of going to Romebecauſe of their inſatiable & impudent exactiōs: nether wold he ſuffer any of his ſubiects to go to Rome.

By this Vrbanus, the 7. Canonicall houresCanonicall howers. were firſt inſtituted in the church. Item, that no B. ſhould be made but vnderunder the title of ſome ſpeciall place. Item, that Mattins and houres of the day, ſhould eueryevery day be ſaid: alſo eueryevery Saturday to be ſaid the Maſſe of our Lady: & all the Iewes ſabboth to be turned into the ſeruice of our Lady. Item, all ſuch of y^e clergie as had wiues, ſhould be depriued of orders. Item,Lawfull for ſubiects to breake their oth of allegiance. that it might be lawfull for al ſubiects to breake their oth of allegiance with ſuch, as y^e pope had excōmunicated, &c.

The K. after he had deteined the archbiſhoprike of Canterbury in his owne hands thrée yéeres, gaue it to Anſelmus abbot of Beck in Normandy: which he was ſo vnwilling to take, that the King had much adoo to thruſt it vponupon him,The citie of Canterbury giuen to the Archbiſhop. and was ſo deſirous he ſhould hauehave it that he gaue vntounto him wholly the citie of Canterburie, about the yéere 1093. 1093But afterward there fell ſuch diſſention betwixt them, that the king ſought all meanes to put him out againe: for that he required of Anſelmus in gentle manner, that ſuch landes of the Church of Canterburie, as the king had giuen to his friendes, ſince the death of Lanfranke might ſo remaine: & whereto Anſelme refuſing to agrée,Anſelme the Archb. againſt the king. moued the King with diſpleaſure againſt him: and therevpon he did a great while ſtop his conſecration.

p. 146By reaſon of the contention at Rome betwixt the two Popes, Vrbanus, and Clemens 3. there grew diuiſion: ſome holding with one, & ſome with the other. England tooke part with Clemens 3. but Anſelme againſt the K. & the reſt ſtuck to Vrbanus, Vrbane, and Clemēt popes at ſtrife.and required of the king leaue to fetch his pall of Vrbanus: which when he could not at the firſt obtaine, he appealeth to the pope; contrary (as the K. ſaid) to his fealty. Betwixt thē there was much reaſoning, & debate about the matter: but in concluſion none of his fellow Biſhops durſt take his part, but were all againſt him: eſpecially William B. of Dureſme. In the meane ſeaſon the king had ſent two meſſengers to Vrbane for y^e pall, to beſtow where he would: who returned and brought with them Gualtar B. of Albane the Popes Legate, with the pall to be giuen to Anſelme. Which Legate ſo perſwaded the king, that Vrbane was receiued Pope through the whole land: and after the king had receiued the pall, there went vntounto Anſelme certaine, declaring the paines and charges the king was at, in procuring the pall,The king faine to relent to the Archbiſhop. & willed him ſomewhat to relent vntounto him; which he notwithſtanding in no caſe would yéeld vntounto: ſo the king was compelled to yeeld vntounto him the full right of the ſea. But afterward grewe great diſpleaſure betwixt them, ſo ſo that Anſelme went to appeale to Rome, where he remained in exile, notwithſtanding Vrbane wrote in his behalfe to the King, that ſet light by the Popes letters and ſuite therein.A Councell. Wherevpon the pope promiſed at the next Councell at Baron to take order for the matter, where Anſelme beyng preſent was called for: and firſt ſitting in an vtterſide of the Biſhops, afterward was placed at the right foote of the Pope, with theſe wordes: Includamus hunc in orbe nostro, The Archb. of Canterburie called the pope of England.tanquam alterius orbis Papam. Whervpon that ſame ſeat was appointed afterward to the ſea of Canterburie in eueryevery generall Councell.

In this Councell great ſtur was againſt the Grecians, about the procéeding of the holy ghoſt. Which gréeke church p. 147differed from the Latine in 20. or 29. articles. Firſt,29. articles of controuerſy betwixt y^e church of Rome and the Greeke Church The Latines holdē for excō municates. that they are not vnderunder the ſea of Rome. 2. That the ſea of Rome hath not greater power, then the 4. patriarkes, and whatſoeuer the pope doth beſide their knowledge, or without their approbation, is of no value. 3. That whatſoeuer hath béen cōcluded ſince in the ſecond general councel is of no authority ſufficient: becauſe from that time, they recount the Latines to be excluded out of the Church. 4. They deny y^e reall preſence, & conſecrate in leuened bread. 5. Alſo at the words of baptiſm, they ſay: Let this creature be baptized, in y^e name of the father, ſonne, & holy Ghoſt, &c. 6. They deny purgatory, & account the ſuffrages of the dead of no value. 7 That the ſoules after death, hauehave neither their perfect paine, nor glorie, but are reſerued in a certaine place, till the day of iudgement. 8. They condemne the Church of Rome, for mixing colde water in their Sacrifice. 9. They condemne the Church of Rome, ſaying: they admit aſwell women, as men in baptiſme to annoint children, on both ſhoulders. 10. Alſo they call our bread, Panagia. 11. They blame the Romiſh church, for celebrating maſſe on any other daies ſaue ſundaies, and certaine other feaſt daies. 12. The Gréek hath neither creame, nor oile, nor ſacrament of confirmation. 13. Neither do they vſe extreme vnction: expounding y^e place of S. Iames, of ſpiritual infirmity. 14. They enioyne no ſatiſfaction for penaunce. 15. They conſecrate for the ſicke onelyonly, on maundy Thurſeday, keeping it for the whole yéere after: neither doe they faſt any Saturday through the yéere, but onelyonly on Eaſter euen. 16. They giuegive onelyonly but fiue orders: as Clearkes, Subdeacons, Deacons, Prieſts, and Biſhops: the Romans giuing nine. 17. They make no vow of chaſtity. 18. EueryEvery yéere the Grecians vſe vponupon certaine daies, to excommunicat the Church of Rome,The Romans eueryevery yeere ſolemnly excommunicated of the Greekes. and all Latines, as heretikes. 19 They excommunicat him, that ſtriketh a Prieſt: neither doe they liue vnmarried. 20. Their Emperour diſpoſeth of eccleſiaſticall matters p. 148of gouernment according to his owne pleaſure. 21. They eate fleſh, egges & chéeſe on Friday 22. They hold againſt the Latines, for celebrating without the conſecrated church: for faſting on the Sabboth day: for permitting menſtruous women to enter into the church, before their purifying: for ſuffering dogges and other beaſts to enter into the church. 23. The Grecians vſe not to knéele in al their deuotions, not to the Euchariſt, ſauing one day in the yéere. 24. They permit not the Latines to celebrate vponupon their altars: which if they doe, they by and by waſh the altar: and when they celebrate, they ſay but one Lyturgy, or maſſe vponupon one altar that day. 25. They diſſent in the maner of the procéeding of the holy Ghoſt, &c.

Now in the counſel aforeſaid, among other pointes, y^e procéeding of the holy ghoſt, & celebrating with leauened bread, was debated: concerning the which, Anſelme did behaue himſelf greatly to the mind of y^e pope: & after lōg reaſoning of matters betwixt the churches, the pope thundereth out excommunication againſt the Gréekes,The Pope excommunicated the Greekes. and their adherents: & was ready alſo to procéed to the ſentence of excommunication againſt the king of England for Anſelmus ſake, had not Anſelme himſelfe knéeling down, obtained for him longer time of further trial. Whervpon the counſel brake vp, & the Pope directeth his letters to the K. of England, and commā deth him to reueſt Anſelme: The Pope cō mandeth the K. of England.which the K. woulde not obey, but ſent meſſage and letters contrary, to the great diſcontentment of the pope, threatning him again with excommunication: but the meſſenger ſo handled the matter, that whē the councel came, which was then holdē at S. Peters church in Rome, the K. tooke no harme; onelyonly the ſentence of excommunication was pronounced againſt Lay perſons that gaue inueſture of Churches, and them that were ſo inueſted: and againſt ſuch as giuegive themſelues in ſubiection to Lay men for Eccleſiaſticall thinges. The Counſel being finiſhed, Anſelme went to Lyons, and ſtayed there till p. 149the death, both of Pope Vrban, and alſo of the king: who in hunting (by chance) was wounded to death by an arrowe,The K. ſlaine. ſhot of a knight named Walter Tyrrell, and was buried at Weſtminſter.

Vrbanus ruled the Church of Rome xij. yeres, & excommunicated the Emperor Henricus, who had bin alſo before excommunicate by Hild. & Victor, and after by Paſchalis.

After the time of this K. William, K. of Wales ceaſe.the name of kings ceaſed in the Countrey of Wales, among the Britaines, ſince King Rice, who in the raign of this K. an. 1093. 1093was ſlaine in Wales.

Anno 1100. Henrie the firſt ſuccéeded Rufus, for wante of iſſue, who was the 3. ſonne of the Conqueror. Hee for his knowledge in liberall artes, was called Beauclarke. 1100Hée reformed the ſtate of the Cleargie, & releaſed the grieuous payments: and reduced againe K. Edwards lawes,K. Beauclarke. K. Edwards lawes reſtored. with correction thereof. He reformed Country meaſures, and made a meaſure after the length of his owne arme, &c,

Soone after he was K. he married Mawde, daughter of Malcolin king of Scots, and of Margaret his wife, daughter of Edward the Outlaw, being a profeſſed Nunne in Wincheſter. Whom, notwithſtanding, without diſpenſation of the Pope, he married, by the conſent of Anſelme. By which Mawd he had two ſonnes, William, and Richard: and two daughters, Mawd, and Marie. About the third yeare of this kings reigne,Little S. Bartholmewes founded by meanes of a minſtrell. Prieſtes ſequeſtred from their wiues. the hoſpital of S. Bartholmew by Smithfield was founded, by meanes of a Minſtrell belonging to the K. named Raier, and was after finiſhed by Richard Whittington, Alderman, and Mayor of London.

In his time, by meanes of Anſelmus, Prieſtes were firſt in England ſequeſtred from their wiues. Alſo it was decréed, that Monkes, and Prieſtes, ſhould beare no rule ouer lay perſons, &c.

This king called home againe Anſelme, Anſelme reſtored.that was at the Councell of the king at Weſtminſter, where the K. in the p. 150preſence of the Lords, as wel temporall, as ſpirituall, inueſted ij. biſhops, Roger B. of Saliſburie, and Roger B. of Herford. During which Councel, Anſelmus in his Conuocation, depoſed diuers Abbots, and other Prelates.

At this Councel, and the other before ſet forth by Anſelmus, Herbert, B. of Norwich had much trouble with the Prieſtes of his Dioces: for they would neither forſake their wiues,Prieſts would not forſake their wiues. nor leaue their Benefices. And requiring Anſelmus councell therein, was willed by him to account them as rebels, and to perſwade the people to driue them foorth of their Countrey, and to place monkes in their roomes. Like buſines alſo had Gerard, Archb. of York: which (notwithſtanding his excommunications) he could hardly bring to paſſe.

Anno 1103. 1103about the end of the iij. yere of the K. reigne, a debate fel betwéene Anſelme and the K. for thoſe Biſhops whom the K. had conſecrated: whom Anſelmus diſdayned, and otherwiſe behaued himſelfe very inſolently againſt the king.Anſelm inſolent againſt the king. And Meſſengers being ſent to Paſchalis the pope, for allowance of the kings inueſting, he would in no caſe yéelde to the ſame, but held himſelfe faſt in the ſteppes of Vrbane: in ſo much, that the Embaſſadors of the King, hauing ſaid, that he would not loſe the authoritie of inueſting Prelates, for the crowne of his Realme: the P. anſwered, before God (with an oath) nor I, for the price of his head,For the price of his head. A proud P. will loſe the geuing of ſpirituall promotions in England.

Yet at that ſame time it was brought to paſſe, that certain cuſtomes in ſuch matters were releaſed vntounto the king: and that the K. onelyonly, who had inueſted them, being excepted, they that were inueſted, ſhould be excommunicated: the abſolution, and ſatiſfaction of whom ſhould be lefte to Anſelm.

Thus Anſelm was diſmiſſed (whether he went to complaine) from Rome: and in his returne, was charged by the Ambaſſador of the K. either to conſent vntounto him, or els to beware how he preſumed to enter into the land againe.

p. 151Wherevpon he remained at Lions a yéere and a halfe, writing diuerſe letters vntounto the king: and ſéeing no way to preuaile with him, he went about to reuenge himſelfe by excommunication: wherof the king hearing, deſired Anſelmus to come vntounto him into Normandie,The king reconciled to Anſelme. where reconcilement was made, & Anſelmus reſtored againe, yet deferred he his comming into England, becauſe he would not communicate with thoſe whom the king had inueſted: and made his abode at the abbey of Beck. The king yet ſent againe Embaſſadors to Rome: where it was agreed, that he ſhould take homage of the Biſhops elect, but ſhould not deale with inueſting them by ſtaffe, and ring, &c. Now in the abſence of Anſelme, Prieſtes,Prieſtes pay mony for their wiues to the king. and Chanons tooke them to their wiues againe, paying a certaine mony to the king for the ſame: whereat Anſelmus beyng very angrie, writeth to the king and rebuketh him for the ſame, and afterward méeting with him at the abbey of Becke,Anſelme yeelded to in all points. agreed vntounto him in all pointes he deſired. Firſt, that all Churches which were made tributary to the king before, ſhould be made frée.

Item, that he ſhould require nothing of the ſaid Churches, the ſeates beyng vacant.

Item, that thoſe married Prieſtes that had giuen mony to the king, ſhould ſurceaſe from eccleſiaſticall function thrée yéeres: and that the king ſhould take no more after that manner: and that all the goods that had béene taken away from the Archbiſhoprike ſhould be reſtored at his returne into England.

Anno 1106. 1106The ſixt yéere of the Kings raigne, Anſelme by the permiſſion of the King, aſſembled a great councell at Weſtminſter, of the prelates and Clergie: where (by the Popes authoritie) he ſo wrought with the king, that it was enacted, y^t no temporal man after that day, ſhould make inueſture with croſſe, or with ring, or with paſtorall hooke: beſides many other decrées againſt prieſts mariages, & ſodomitry. But the decrée & curſe againſt that was called backe p. 152againe by the ſuite of certaine, who perſwaded Anſelmus that the opening of that vice did giuegive more occaſion of committing the ſame, and ſo it was taken away: but the decrée againſt marriage remained ſtill.

Pope Paſchalis Pope Paſchalis.entered his papacie the ſame yéere that king Henry began his reigne, an. 1100. 1100and being brought into Laterane vponupon a white palfray, a ſcepter was brought him,The Popes ornaments. and a girdle put about him, hauing ſeuen keies, with ſeuen ſeales hanging therevpon, in token of his ſeuenfold power,Popes ſeuenfold power. according to the ſeuenfold grace of the holy Ghoſt, of binding, looſing, ſhutting, opening, ſealing, reſigning, and iudging, &c. This Pope did depoſe all thoſe Prelates that the Emperour ſet vp: alſo baniſhed Albertus, Theodoricus, & Maginulphus (they ſtriued the ſame time for the papacie) and made an army againſt Guybert whom the Emperour had made Pope: who being put to flight not long after died.

About the ſame time Anno 1101. 1101the Biſhop of Florence began to preach & to teach, Antichriſt then to be borne and to be manifeſt,That Antichriſt was borne. Married prieſts condē ned for Nicolaitans. as Sabellicus teſtifieth: wherevpon Paſchalis aſſembling a councel, put to ſilence the ſaid biſhop, and condemned his bookes. In this Councell at Trecas, married prieſts were condemned for Nicolaitans.

This Paſchalis renewed the excommunication of Hildebrand againſt the Emperour; and ſet vp his ſonne, Emperour againſt him, & cauſed the archbiſhop of Mentz, of Collen, and of Wormes, at Hilgeſhen, to depriue the Emperour:The Emp. depoſed by the Pope. and to take from him all the ornaments of his Empyre, wherevpon the Emperour beyng left deſolate, he pronounced, Let God ſee and iudge. Let God ſee and iudge.Thus they left him, and went, and confirmed his ſonne, and cauſed him to driue out his Father, who then beyng chaſed of his owne ſonne (hauing but nine perſons about him) did flie by the Dukedome of Lymbrough.

Where the Duke beyng then a hunting, and hearing p. 153of him, followed after him. The Emperour looking for nothing but preſent death, (for he had diſplaced the ſame Duke before out of his dukedome) ſubmitted himſelfe, and craued pardon: the Duke pitying his caſe, receiued him to fauour, and into his caſtle. And gathering together his men of war, brought him to Collen, where he was well receiued. His ſonne hearing of this, beſieged the citie, but the father by night eſcaping fled to Leodium where he aſſembled a power, and pitched a field: deſiring his friends,The pope ſetteth the Emperors ſonne againſt him. that if he got the victory, they would ſpare his ſonne. In fine, the Father had the victory, and the ſonne was put to flight: but ſhortly after, they renewed battel againe, and the ſonne got the field, and the father taken: who being vtterly diſpoſſeſſed of his kingdom, was brought to that ſtate, that comming to Spire, he was faine to craue of the Biſhop there (to whom he had done much good before) to hauehave a prebend in the Church:The Emperor craueth to be aprehend of a Church, but could not obtaine it. and for that he had ſome ſkil of his book, he deſired to ſerue in our Ladies quire, yet hée could not obtain ſo much at his hands: who ſware by our lady, he ſhould hauehave none there. Thus he came to Leodiū, & there for ſorow died, after y^t he had raigned 50. yéeres: whoſe body Paſchalis after his funerall, 1106cauſed to be taken vp again, and to be brought to Shires,The Emp dieth for ſorow. where it remained fiue yéeres, vnburied.

After the deceaſe of Henricus the 4, 1107his ſonne Henricus the 5. raigned 20. yéeres, who comming to Rome to be crowned of the Pope, could not obtaine it,No Emperour to hauehave to doe with the elect. of the Pope. The Emp. had been ſlaine at Rome. before it were by him fully ratified, that no Emperor ſhould hauehave any thing to doe with the election of y^e B of Rome, or with other biſhopricks: and ſuch a ſtirre there was at Rome, that the Emperor, if he had not defended himſelfe with his owne handes, he had béene ſlayne: yet gotte hée the victorie, and tooke the Pope, and leadeth him out of the Citie: where he indenteth with him vppon diuers conditions,The pope faine to agree to the Emperour. both of his coronation, and recouering againe his title in election of the Pope, and other Biſhops. Wherevnto the Pope aſſented and agréed p. 154to all: ſo the Emperour being crowned of Paſchalis, returned againe to Rome.

The pope breaketh couenant.But ſo ſoone as the Emperour was returned into Germany, y^e Pope forthwith calling a ſynod, reuoked al that hée had granted to before, & excomunicated Henricus the Emperour: whereof he hearing, being in France, and there hauing married Mathild, daughter to K. Henry, returned with a power, and putteth the pope to flight, and placeth another in his ſtéede.The Germans rebell. In the which time, the States of Germany rebelled, in ſo much that it grew to a foughten field, ann. 1115. 1115Wherfore, the Emp. ſéeing no end of troubles, was faine in the end to giuegive ouer all his right in Churchmatters.

The Emp. giueth ouer to the Pope.In the time of this Paſchalis, liued Bernardus, called Abbas Clarauallenſis, ann. 1118. 1118of whom ſprang the Bernardine monkes.Bernardine monkes.

After the death of Paſchalis, ſuccéeded Gelaſius, Gelaſiuschoſen by the Cardinall? without the conſent of the Emperour: whervpon grew great great variance in Rome: and at length another pope was ſet vp by the Emperor, called Gregorie the 8: Gregorie 8.and Gelaſius driuen away into Fraunce, and there died. After whom came Calixtus Calixtus.the 2, choſen by a fewe Cardinals, without the conſent of the Emperour: who comming vp to Rome to inioy his ſeat, firſt did excommunicat the Emperour: Hee then hauing diuers conflicts with his fellow, pope Gregorius, at length draue him out of Rome. At which time, by this occaſion, great cōtrouerſie was betwixt the emperors, & the popes court, for the preeminence: but in cōcluſion,The Emp. fain to yeeld. the Emp. was faine to condiſcend to the vnreaſonable conditions of the pope: firſt to ratifie his election, notwithſtanding the other pope was aliue, whom the Emperour ſet vp: and that in matters of the popes election, and inueſture of the Biſhops, hee ſhould reſigne his right. Which being graunted,A ſhamefull vſage of a pope. the Pope maketh out after his fellow pope, and taketh him at Sutrium, and ſet him vppon a Camell, his face towardes the Camels tayle, and the tayle held in his p. 155hand in ſtéede of a bridle, and ſo brought him to Rome thorough the ſtréetes, and afterward hauing ſhorne him, thruſt him into a monaſtery.

This Pope did firſt eſtabliſh the papall decrées againſt the Emperour: he brought in the foure quarter faſtes, calcalled Imber daies,Imber daies. and brought in the order of monks, called Premonſtratenſis,Premonſtratenſis. & alſo was hot againſt prieſts wiues.

After the death of Anſelme, who deceaſed An. 1109. 1109After he had béene in the ſea. 16. yéeres; the church of Canterburie ſtood void 5. yéeres:Canterbury 5. yeeres void to the kings vſe. and the goods of the church was ſpent to the kings vſe, the king pretending to take deliberation to chooſe one anſwerable to thoſe that went before.

The ſame yéere, after his death,Ely made a biſhopricke. the king conuerted the abbey of Ely, to a biſhoprick, which was before vnderunder the biſhopricke of Lincolne: placing there, Henrie, B. of Bangor, the firſt Biſhop of that ſea.

Ann. 1115. 1115Rodolphus, B. of Rocheſter, an Engliſh mā, was promoted to be Archb. of Canterbury, and Thurſtinus the kings Chaplaine, was elected Archb. of Yorke: who, becauſe he refuſed to profeſſe obedience to the ſame Sea, was depriued by the king: and therevpon went to complaine to Pope Paſchalis, who wrote, that he would hauehave the order of Gregorie ſtand therein. But Thurſtine ſtood ſtiffely in the matter, & renounced his Archbiſhoprick, promiſing he wold neuer, either make claime to it, or moleſt thoſe that ſhould enioy it. Now afterward, when Calixtus had called a Coū cell at Rheims, in Fraunce, Thurſtine wrought ſo, that hée was in that Councell conſecrated, and had his pal, notwithſtanding the Pope had promiſed the king faithfully to the contrarie. For which deede, the K. was ſore diſcontented w^t Thurſtine, and warned him the entrie of his land. In the Councel of Rheims, were gathered 434. Prelates,A Councel of 434. Prelates. The pointes there concluded, were, for eſtabliſhing their owne authoritie, in diſpenſing of Eccleſiaſticall Offices, & in prohibiting Prieſtes marriages, and ſequeſtring thē from their p. 156wiues. Which articles were ſent to y^e Emperor, to trie his mind before the Councell ſhould breake vp: who was contented with all, ſauing that he could not away to hauehave the inueſting of eccleſiaſticall function taken from him:The Pope excōmunicateth the Emperor. wherevpon the pope procéedeth againſt him to excommunication.

It was not long after, but the Pope came to Giſortium, where Henry king of England reſorted to him, deſiring that he would ſend no more Legates into the land, except he himſelfe deſired, becauſe they ſpoiled the realme of great treaſures:The king of England ſueth to the Pope. and alſo that he would graunt him to vſe all the cuſtomes vſed before of his aunceſtors in England, and in Normandie. To theſe petitions the Pope graunted, and required againe of the king, that he would licenſe Thurſtin the Archbiſhop aboue mentioned, to returne with fauour into the land: but the king vtterly denied that, except he would ſubmit to Canterbury.Submit to Canterbury.

Anno 1120 1120the yéere following, Pope Calixtus directeth his letters to the king for Thurſtinus, and to Rodulph Archbiſhop of Canterbury, in which he doth interdict the Churches of Canterbury, and Yorke, and threatneth the King with excommunication, except within a monethmonth after the the ſame Thurſtine were receyued into the Sea of Yorke.The Pope Thurſtine. Wherevppon Thurſtine (for feare) was immediately ſent for, and receaued: and was placed in the Sea.

Anno 1122. 1122Within two yeares after, Rodolfe Archbiſhoppe of Canterburie died, whom Gulielmus de Turbin ſuccéeded.

About which time, in the xxvij. yere of the kings reigne, the Gray friers,The Graye friers. by procurement of the king, came firſt into Englande: and had their houſe firſt at Canterburie. Anno 1125. the king called a Councell at London, where the ſpiritualtie of England (not knowing whereabout it was required) graunted the king to hauehave the puniſhment of maried Prieſtes.The Prieſts pay to the K. for their wiues. Whereupon the Prieſtes (paying to the K. a certain ſumme) were ſuffered to retaine their wiues ſtil, to the p. 157great gaine of the king.

This king Henrie buylded the Abbey of Reading, for ioy of Saint Iames hand, which his daughter Mawde (who had maried with the Emperor Henrie the fift) brought vntounto him after the deceaſe of her huſband. She was after maried to Geffrey Plantagenet, Earle of Aniou: of whome came Henrie the ſecond.

About this time was founded the Priorie of Norton, in the Prouince of Cheſter, by one William, the ſonne of Nichelle. This K. an. 1131. 1131Danegelt releaſed by the king.releaſed vntounto the land the Danegelt, which his father and brother renued. Hee erected alſo a new Biſhoprick at Carlill.

After Calixtus ſuccéeded Honorius 2. Notwithſtanding that the Cardinals had elected another,Honorius B yet he (by y^t meanes of certaine Citizens) obteyned it. An. 1125. 1125VntoUnto this time liued Henricus v. after that hee had reigned xx yeres, & died out iſſue.

Next after Henricus, the Empire fell to Lotharius, D of Saxon, an. 1127. 1127In the time of P. Honorius 2. there was one Arnulphus Arnulphus.(ſome ſay) Archbiſhop of Lugdune. (Trithemiꝰ ſaith, he was a Prieſt) that for ſharpe rebuking of the Cleargie of Rome, was layde waite for, and priuily drowned. He preached very boldly againſt their abuſes. Sabellicus, and Platina ſay, they hanged him. About the time of this Arnulphus (if it were not his own worke) there was written a booke, called Opus tripartitum, Opus tripartitum.that cōplayneth of many abuſes and enormities of the Church: as firſt,Abuſes of the church preached againſt. of y^e number of holy dayes: alſo, of curious ſinging in the Church: of the multitude of begging Friers, and profeſſed womē: with diuers other points of abuſe.

About the yere of our Lord 1128. 1128Knights of the Rhodes and Templars.the order of Knights of the Rhodes (called Ioannites) and the order of Templars, roſe vp.

After Honorius Honorius.ſuccéeded Innocentius the ſecond, 1130in the yere of our Lord, one thouſande, one hundred, and thirtie. p. 158but after hee was choſen, the Romanes elected Anacletus, Betwixt which Popes great ſtrife and contention roſe,Contention betwixt the popes. till Lotharius the Emperor began to aſſiſt, and take part with Innocentius.

This P. decréed, that whoſoeuer did ſtrike a PrieſtStrike a Prieſt ſhauen, ſhould be excommunicate, and not be abſolued, but only of the pope himſelfe.

An. 1135. 1135King H. dieth in Normandie, after that he had reigned in England, thirtie fiue yeares and odde monethes, leauing for his heires, Matilde the Empreſſe, his daughter, with her young ſonne Henrie, to ſuccéede. But the Prelates and Nobilitie (contrarie to their oath) made Steuen, Earle of Boloign, king: ſiſters ſonne to Henrie. Hee entered his reigne, an, 1136.

But the empreſſe, about the 6. yere of his reign, came into England, and tooke him, & ſent him to Briſtow to be kept priſoner. Whēce he eſcaped out, and purſued the empreſſe, & her parte, and cauſed her to flie the Realme, the ſixt yere of his reigne. But after that, Henrie, Duke of Normandie, inuaded in the quarrell of his Mother: and ſo preuayled, that Steeuen was contented to holde the kingdome but for his life time, and that Henrie in the meane time, ſhould be proclaymed Heire apparant. The ſame yere, about October, Steeuen ended his life, after he had reigned xix. yeres, periuredly.

As Theobald ſuccéeded after William, Archb. of Cant. ſo in York; after Thurſtane, followed William, who was called S. William of York. Hée was poyſoned in his chalis,Archb. poyſoned in his chalice. by his Chaplains.

In the xvi. yere of the reigne of this king, Theobaldus Archbiſhoppe of Canterburie, and Legate to the Pope, held a Councell at London, wherein was concluded appellations from Councels to the Pope, found out by Henry, Biſhop of Wincheſter.

In the time of King Steeuen, died Gracianus, a Monke p. 159of Bononia, who compiled the booke called, The Popes decrées, alſo his brother Petrus Lombardus Petrus Lombardus.Biſhop of Paris, Maiſter of Sentences, wrote his foure bookes of Sentences. Theſe two were the greateſt doers, in finding out that the ſimilitude onelyonly of bread and wine remained in the ſacramentes. Some write that Petrus Comeſtor Petrus Comeſtor.the writer of the Scholaſticall hiſtory, was the third brother. In this time alſo liued Hildegard the Nunne and prophetiſſeHildegard the nunne and prophetiſſe. in Almaigne.

By this K. was builded the abbey of Feuerſham, where his ſonne and he were buried. He builded the monaſterie of Finerneys and of Fomitance.

Much about the ſame time, came vp the order of the Gilbertines,Gilbertines. by one Gilbert, ſonne to Iacoline, a knight of Lincolnſhire.

Theobald, Prieſts no rulers in worldly matters.y^e Archb. of Canterb. among other matters decréed, y^t prieſts ſhould not be rulers of worldly matters: and that they ſhould teach the Lords praier, & Créed, in engliſh. Mattheus Pariſienſis, writeth, how Stephen K. of England, reſerued to himſelfe, the beſtowing of ſpiritual liuings, and inueſting of prelats, ann. 1133. 1133At which time alſo Lotharius the Emperour began to doe the like, had not Bernardus giuen him contrary councel.

Then came into y^e Church, the manner of curſing with booke, bell, and candle,Booke bel, and candle. deuiſed in the Councell at London, holden by William, B. of Wincheſter, vnderunder P. Celeſtinus, who ſuccéeded after Innocentius, an. 1142. 1142Alſo, Lotharius who ſuccéeded after Innocentius, an. 1142. Alſo, Lotharius ſuccéeded in the Empire, Conradus, the nenew of Henricus 5. an. 1138. Who onelyonly (among the Emperors) is founde not to hauehave receaued the Crowne at the popes hand.

In the dayes of this Emperour, who reigned fiftéene yeares, were diuers Popes: as, Celeſtinus, 2. Lucius, 2. Eugenius, 3.

Betwixt P. Lucius Lucius.and the Romanes was great ſtrife: for, the Romanes would hauehave recouered their auncient p. 160libertie in chooſing their conſuls: and Pope Lucius in the fight was well beaten, and liued not long after.

Pope Eugenius Eugenius.after, him followed the ſame courſe, An. 1145. 1145and compelled them to aboliſh their conſuls, and to take ſuch Senators as he ſhould aſſigne. Then followed Anaſtaſius Anaſtaſius.the 4. And after him Adrianus the 4. an Engliſhman,Adrianus pope an Engliſhmā. by his name called Breake ſpeare, belonging once to S. Albons. He likewiſe kept great ſtur, & preuailed againſt the Romanes for the former cauſes, and thundered againſt Fredericus the Emperour.

Hildegardis a Nunne, and as many iudged (euen the papiſtes themſelues) a Prophetiſſe, liued, anno 1146. 1146and prophecied againſt the whole rowte of Romiſh prelats, and of the fal of that Church, eſpecially againſt y^e ſenior Friers, and ſuch other bellies of the ſame. In a certain place ſhe hath theſe wordes: And now is the law neglected among the ſpirituall people,Hildegard prophecieth againſt y^e kingdome of the Pope. which neglect to teach, and to doe good things. The maiſter likewiſe, and the Prelates doe ſleepe, deſpiſing iuſtice, and laying it aſide, &c. And in another place: Then ſhall the crowne of Apoſtolicall honour be deuided, becauſe there ſhalbe no religion among the Apoſtolicall order: and for that cauſe ſhall they deſpiſe the dignitie of that name: & ſhall ſet ouer them other men, and other Archbiſhops. In ſo much, that the Apoſtolike ſea of that time, by the diminution of his honor, ſhall hauehave ſcarce Rome, and a fewe other Countreyes thereabout, vnderunder his dominion. And theſe things ſhall come to paſſe, partly by incurſiō of warres, and partly by a common Councell,Iuſtice flouriſh when the Pope is ouerthrowen. and conſent of the Spirituall and Secular perſons. Then ſhall Iuſtice flouriſh: ſo that in thoſe dayes, men ſhall honeſtly applie themſelues to the ancient cuſtomes, and diſcipline of auncient men, and ſhal obſerue them as men in times paſt hauehave done, &c.

Shee prophecied alſo of the Friers. In thoſe dayes ſhall riſe a ſenſeleſſe people, proud; gréedie; without faith; and ſubtill: which ſhall eate the ſinnes of y^e people, holding a certain p. 161order of fooliſh deuotion, vnderunder the fained cloke of beggery, &c. But this order ſhall be accurſed of all wiſe men and faithfull Chriſtians: they ſhall ceaſe from all labour and giuegive themſelues ouer to idleneſſe, chooſing rather to liue by flattery and begging, hauing familiaritie with women, teaching them how to deceiue their huſbandes, by their flattery and deceitfull wordes, and to robbe for them: for they will take all theſe ſtolen euill gotten goods, and ſay, giuegive it vntounto vsus, & we will pray for you: ſo that they beyng curious to hide other mens faults, do vtterly forget their owne. And alas they will receiue all things of rouers, pickers, ſpoilers, théeues, ſacrilegious perſons, vſurers, adulterers, heretikes, ſchiſmatikes, apoſtataes, whores, and bawdes, of noblemen periurers, merchants, falſe iudges, ſouldiers, tyrants, princes, of ſuch as liue contrary to the law, and of many peruerſe and wicked men, following the perſwaſion of the Diuell, the ſwéetneſſe of ſinne, a delicate and tranſitorie life, and fulnes, euen vntounto eternall damnation, &c.

Henry the 2. ſonne of Ieffrey Plantagenet, and of Mawd the Empreſſe, and daughter of king Henry the firſt, raigned after Stephen, and continued 35. yéeres.

Within a yéere or twaine after the entry of his raigne, he made Thomas Becket Thomas Becket.Lord Chauncellor of England.

About the yéere of our Lord, 1158. 1158Gerhardus, and Dulcinus Nauarrenſis, did earneſtly preach agaynſt the Church of Rome; mainteyning,Gerhardus againſt y^e church of Rome. that prayer is not more holie in one place then in another: that the Pope is Antichriſt:Pope Antichriſt. that the Clergie, and Prelates of Rome were reiect, and the very whore of BabilonWhore of Babilon. prefigured in the Apocalips, &c. Theſe two Anno one thouſand, one hundred, and fiftie eight, brought with them thirtie into England; who by the king and prelates were burned in the forehead, and ſo ſent out of the realme. And after, as Illyricus writeth, were put to death by the Pope.Put to death by the Pope.

The Emperour Fredericus ſucceſſor to Conradus, marched p. 162vp to Italy, to ſubdue there certaine rebels. The Pope hearing thereof, came to méet him with his Cardinals, at Sutrium: the Emperour ſeing the Biſhop, alighted of his horſe to receyue him,The Emp. holdeth the popes ſtirrop on the wrong ſide. holding the ſtirrop on the left ſide: whereat the Pope ſhewed himſelfe ſomewhat agréeued, but the next day with holding the right ſtirrop hée made him amends: and when they were come together, Hadrian would not crowne him (for the Popes at that time had brought the Emperours to that paſſe) except hée would of his owne charges, helpe to the recouery of Apulia, out of the handes of the Duke William: whereto the Emperour agréed, and ſo the next day was crowned.

In the meane time the Pope excommunicateth the Duke, and incenſeth Immanuell the Emperour of Conſtantinople againſt him: but the Duke putteth Immanuell to flight, and placed his ſiege agaynſt Bonauenture (where the Pope with his Cardinals were looking for victory) and forced the Pope to entreat for peace: which hée graunted on condition, that hée ſhould make him King of both Sycils. The Pope returning to Rome, and there finding that hée could not preuaile againſt the conſuls of Rome, remooued to Arciminum.

In this meane time, the Emperour requireth homage of the Biſhops of Germanie,Popes Legats forbidden in Germanie. forbidding the Popes Legates to be receiued in Germanie, except hée ſent for them. Beſides hée prefixed his owne name in his letters before the Popes name, wherevpon paſſed letters of diſpleaſure betwixt them: and Hadrianus not content with the Emperours anſwere, directeth a bull of excommunication, and ſtirreth vp William duke of Apulia, and the clergie againſt him. The Emperour purgeth himſelfe, by letters ſent thorough his Empire, very pithie, and ſharpe. The Pope on the other ſide accuſeth the Emperour to the biſhops of Germanie,The Germans excuſe the Emperour. and incenſeth them againſt him: but they would not ſo far yéeld vntounto the Pope, but excuſed the Emperour.

p. 163This Pope, onelyonly continued foure yéeres,The Pope choked with a flie. and odde moneths: and walking with his Cardinals to a place called Anagnuia, or Arignam, 1159he was choked with a flie that got into his throat.

About this time, roſe vp the order of the HermitesThe order of the Hermites. by one William, once Duke of Aquitania, and afterward a Frier.

After Hadrian, ſuccéeded Alexander 3: Alexander 3. Pope.and at the ſame time the emperor, with 9. Cardinals, ſet vp Victor 4. ſo that there fell much debate about the matter, til at the laſt, Alexander, by the help of Philip the French king, obtained y^e ſea, againſt whom, the Emperor made his power: and comming to Rome, forced the Pope to ſaile to Venice: whither he ſent Otho his ſonne after. Who attempting raſhly againſt his fathers commandement, was ouercome, and taken. Whervpon the Emperour (to redéeme his ſonne) was faine to ſéek peace: and comming to Venice at S. Markes Church,The Emperor faine to ſeeke peace with the Pope. The Pope ſets his feete vponupon the Emperors necke. where he ſhould take his abſolution, he was bid to knéele at y^e popes féet: and the pope ſetting his féet vponupon the Emperors necke, pronounced the verſe of the Pſalme: Thou ſhalt walke vppon the Adder and the Baſilisk: and ſhalt tread downe the Lion, and the Dragon. To whom the Emperor anſwered: not to thée, but to Peter. The pope againe both to me, & to Peter. In fine, the Emperour was abſolued, on condition, hée would receiue Alexander for true Pope: and reſtore againe to the Church all that he had taken away.

This Pope (who raigned 27. yéers) kept ſundry councels,Againſt marriage of prieſtd. both at Turo, and at Lateran: wherein he concluded againſt marriage of prieſts

At this time, liued Thomas Becket: whoſe firſt preferment was to the Church of Branfield, which he had by the gift of Saint Albons. After that he entred into the ſeruice of the Archbiſhoppe of Canterburie, and was put of Theobald the Archbiſhop to king Henrie, to bridle the yong king, that he ſhould not be too fierce againſt the Cleargie: of whom hée was made Lord Chauncellour, and afterward in the 44. p. 164yéere of his age, was made prieſt, and the next day made biſhop: afterward there fell great variance betwixt the king and him for ouerlightly puniſhing the Clearkes that offended his lawes:Variance betwixt the King and Becket. and ſtanding with the king therein. Beſides, he reſiſted diuers ancient lawes of the land, and would not ſubmit himſelfe or his Cleargie therevnto: moreouer, there were other lawes alſo made at Claredoune,Executed for a Traitor that brought curſe from Rome. in Normandy, whereto Becket would giuegive no allowance: as if any perſon ſhould be found to bring from the Pope, or from the Archb. of Canterbury, anie writing, containing a curſe or indict of the land,Peterpence denied. he ſhould bée executed for a traytour, &c. That Peterpence ſhould no more be paide. yet at the length hée anſwered, he would agrée to the Kinges ordinances ſaluo ordine ſuo. Saluo ordine ſuo.Which clauſe, the king greatly miſliked: but notwithſtanding great intreate by the Biſhoppe of Norwich, and Saliſbury, and the teares of two of the chiefe of the Templars, called Richard de Haſt, and Conſtans de Henerio, hée would not relent, til the king ſignified by expreſſe meſſage,Becket relenteth to the K. that hée ſhould look what to truſt to, if he yelded not at his requeſt: ſo at length hee relented. And the king called a Councell of States, where he requiring the Archb. to ſet to his ſeale to inſtruments drawn, cōcerning the matter, but he refuſed ſo to do, til farther deliberation, which alſo the king was contented with: & yet after Thomas repented him of that he had done, by the motion of his croſſebearer, who put him in mind how preiudicial it was to the Church, that he had yéelded vntounto. Wherevpon he required abſolution of the Pope for his fact, who graunted the ſame, and gaue him courage to bee conſtant in his quarrell begun,Becket ſtout to the king. and therevppon he waxed ſtoute, and would hauehave departed the lande, to flee to the ſea of Rome: but hee was ſtaied. The quarell ceaſſed not, for Becket being Legatus a latere, greatly ſtaied the kings purpoſes. Wherevpon the king ſent to the Pope, requiring that the ſame authority might be beſtowed vppon ſome other after his appointment: which was the Archb. of p. 165York, but the P. would not: notwithſtanding, at the requeſt of the Kinges Clergie, he was content y^t the K. ſhould be Legate himſelfe: whereat hee tooke great indignation:The K. Toulde be the Popes Legate. which moued the Pope (at the length) to yelde to the requeſt of the beſtowing of the Legacie vponupon the Archbiſhop of Yorke: yet ſo, that he would Thomas ſhould take no harme thereby. The king hauing this, ſtraight began with the Inferiors of the Church, that had broken his lawes: as Felons;Robbers, felons murtherers, among the Clergie. Robbers; Quarrellers; Breakers of the peace; and Murtherers: whereof, more then an hundred, were prooued at that time vponupon the Cleargie.

This, Thomas could not abide, as derogating from the libertie of holy Church. The king on the contrarie part, was greatly incenſed, and cauſed him to be cited to appeare on a certaine day, at the Town of Northhampton: where Tho- appeared not, but ſente another. This the king tooke in great diſpleaſure, and laid diuers actions againſt him, of reconings, &c.

The other Biſhops endeuoured to perſwade Thomas, to conſider what he did, and not to ſtande ſo ſtiflie againſt the king: others encouraged him: and at laſt they agréed with common conſent, to cite him vp to Rome vponupon periurie, and appointed him his daye of appearance. Which when the Archbiſhop heard, he alſo ſent to Rome: to whom the Pope directeth againe his letters of comfort, that made Becket ſtill to hold himſelfe ſtout againſt the King, who was ſo incenſed againſt him, that if he had not fledde the Court, he had béene laid in priſon,Becket flieth, and turneth his name to Derman. for not anſwering to certaine accompts the king had to charge him withall. But he ſped him away, changing his name, and calling himſelfe Derman: and taking ſhippe at Sandwich, fled into Flanders, & from thence to Ludouicus the French king: who (notwithſtanding Letters, and requeſt to the contrarie) gaue him entertainment, and wrote to the Pope in his behalfe: and (although the K. had ſent vntounto him Ambaſſadors, Robert, Archbiſhoppe of p. 166Yorke, with other Biſhoppes, and Nobles, requiring him to deale otherwiſe,) thorow the French Kings letters, did wholy encline to Becket. But, foraſmuch as he could not be placed as yet in England, the Pope ſendeth him in a monks habite to the Abbey of Pontiniake, in Fraunce: where hée remayned two yeares. And from thence he remoued to Senon,B. in exile ſeuen yeres. where he abode fiue yeres. So his exile continued in all, ſeuen yeres.

Now the king vnderſtanding of the Popes fauor toward Becket, ſayling out of England into Normandie, directeth ouer certaine Iniunctions againſt the Pope, and the Archbiſhop of Canterburie. Beſides, an. 1166. 1166it was ſet foorth by the kings Proclamation, that all manner of perſons, both men & women of Beckets kinred,Beckets kinred baniſhed. ſhould be baniſhed: without carrying away any penyworth of their goods. Hee ſent alſo to Guarrin, the Abbot of Pontiniakes, threatning him, that if he would not put away Tho. hee would driue out of his Realme, all the Monkes of his order. Whereupon, Becket was faine to depart to Lewes the French king, who placed him at Senon, and there found him the ſpace of fiue yeares.

In which time of his abſence, he wrought all hee might againſt the king, and thoſe that he knew did not fauour him: & diuers letters paſſed to, and from Becket, to the Pope, & the king: very ſeditious, & rebellious. Frō which dealing, a very pithie letter, written by the Suffraganes of y^e Church of Canterburie, could nothing perſwade him, but prouoked him, very ſharply to replie againſt them. He reiected alſo, the letters of the Empreſſe, that endeuored to perſwade him.

After theſe letters ſent to and fro, anno 1169. 1169the King fearing leaſt the Archbiſhoppe ſhould procéede againſt his owne perſon by excommunication) made his appeale to the Pope:The K. feareth Becket. whereupon, he ſent two Cardinals, Guilielmus, and Otho, o take vp the matter, at Griſorſium in Fraunce: but it came to no concluſion. Where, William requiring Becket p. 167(for the peace of the Church which hée pretended) to reſigne his Biſhoprike, ſo that the King would giuegive ouer his cuſtomes: anſwered that the proportion was not like, ſaying: that hée (ſauing the honour of his Church and perſon could not ſo doo) but the king,Becauſe the Pope had cō demned them. it ſtood on his ſoules health to renounce thoſe ordinances and cuſtomes, becauſe the Pope had condemned them.

After the Cardinals were returned, the French king alſo thought to hauehave preuayled with Thomas, and laboured to perſwade him, but could not. Thomas alwaies adding his obedience, Saluo honore Dei, very captiouſly, that he might thereby make eſcape if néede were, wherewith the King was greatly diſpleaſed.

After this there fell other diſpleaſure betwixt them. Anno 1170. 1170And the ſixtéenth yere of the Kings raigne, at which time hée kept his Parlement at Weſtminſter, hée cauſed his ſonne Henry to be crowned King, with conſent of Lordes Spirituall and Temporall: which Coronation was doone by the handes of Robert Archbiſhop of Yorke, with aſſiſtance of other Biſhopses: whereat Becket tooke great diſpleaſure, becauſe hée was not called for, and complayned thereof to the Pope: at whoſe inſtaunce the Pope ſent downe ſentence of excommunication againſt the Archbiſhop, and London, Saliſbury, Dureſme, and Rocheſter, that were doers with him in the Coronation: and ſendeth alſo two Legates, the Archb. of Rhothomage, and the Archb. of Nauerne with full commiſſion, either to driue the King to reconciliation, or to interdict him, by the Popes cenſure out of the Church: wherevpon the king at laſt (through the mediation of the French king, and diuerſe prelates, & great Princes) was content to yéeld to reconciliation, but would not graunt him his poſſeſſions, and landes of his church, before he repaired into England,The king yeeldeth to Becket. and ſhould ſhew how peaceably he would agrée with the kings ſubiects.

This peace being thus cōcluded. Thomas after 6. yéers of p. 168his baniſhment returned, and was commanded of the yoong king to kéepe his houſe. The Biſhops before excommunicated, required abſolution of him, but hée would not graunt therevnto ſimply without cauteles: ſo they cōplained to the king, who tooke it heauenly, & lamented oft & ſundry times, that none would reuenge him of his enemy: which certaine to y^e number of 4. hearing, prepared themſelues, & came into England out of Normandie, about Chriſtmaſſe time, & repaired to Thomas, & commanded him in the kings name to come to the yoong K. & to doo his duty to him, & to reſtore the biſhops whom he had excōmunicated, for y^e kings coronatiō: which Thomas would not grant vntounto, touching y^e abſolutiō, referring it to the pope who had excōmunicated thē. In the end ſo diſorderly Thomas behaued himſelfe, that they ſaid he had ſpoken againſt his owne head, and ruſhed out of the dores, cōmaunding the monks to kéepe him forth comming. What quoth Thomas, thinke you I will fly away? nay neither for the K. nor for any man, will I ſtir one foote frō you: and ſo cried after them,Foure armed men kill Thomas Becket. here, here ſhall you find me, laying his hand vponupon his crowne. The 4. whoſe names were Reynold Bereſon, Hugh Morteuill, Wil. Thracy, & Richard Brito, went to harneſſe themſelues, & returned the ſame day, & ſlue Becket, méeting him about euēſong time with his croſſe in his hand, eueryevery one ſtriking him with his ſword into the head: they after fled into the North, & at length with much adoo,The murtherers do penāce. hauing obtained their pardon of the pope, went to Ieruſalem in linnen clothes, barefoote, faſting, and praying, whereof in few yéeres after, they died. Anno 1220. 1220There was a queſtion as ſaith Ceſarius the monke, at Paris, whether Becket were ſaued or damned. Roger a Normand holding againſt him:Whether Becket were ſaued or damned. and Peter Cantor a Pariſian, for him, grounding himſelfe vponupon myracles, which hée was reported to hauehave doone after his death,270. myracles done by Becket. and his quarrell for the Churches ſake: his miracles are reported to hauehave béene 270. Of this Thomas the papiſtes ſing this blaſphemous p. 169Antheme, or Collect in Engliſh thus:A blaſphemous Antheme. For the blood of Thomas, which he for thée did ſpend, Graunt vsus Chriſt to climbe where Thomas did aſcend.

But as it appeareth by the teſtimony of Robert Crickladenſis, the Péeres and nobles of this land, néere about the king, gaue out in ſtraight charge, vponupon paine of death,None ſhoulde hold Becket a martyr or preach his miracle. The kings penance. & confiſcation of all their goods, that no man ſhould be ſo hardy, as to name Thomas a martir, or to preach of his miracles The king for this fact, was vponupon his oath inioyned this penance: Firſt, that he ſhould ſend ſo much to the holy land, as ſhould find 200. knights, for the defence of the land: alſo, that from Chriſtmas day next following, he ſhould in his owne perſon fight for the holy land (except he were otherwiſe diſpenſed with) 3. yéeres. Alſo, that he ſhould fight againſt the Saracens in Spaine. Item, that he ſhould not hinder any appellations made to the Pope of Rome. Alſo, that neither he nor his ſonne, ſhould euer depart from the pope & his ſucceſſors. Itē, y^t the poſſeſſions of the church of Canterbury, ſhould bée fully reſtored, & that the outlawes for Beckets cauſe, ſhould be reſtored, Alſo, that his decrées ſtabliſhed againſt y^e church, ſhould be void: beſides other faſtings and alms, &c. It is mē tioned alſo in ſtories of the ſaid king, that returning out of Normandy into England, he came firſt to Canterbury, and ſo ſoon as he had ſéene Beckets Church, lighting of his horſe, & putting off his ſhoes, he went barefoote to his tombe:Sharpe penāce whoſe ſteps were found bloody through the roughnes of the ſtones: and not onelyonly that, but alſo receiued farther penance of eueryevery monke in the cloyſter, certaine diſcipline of a rodde, Ann. 1174. 1174In which yere, the minſter of Canterbury was clean burnt, and almoſt all the citie.Canterbury burnt.

The yéere 1175 1175was in the Conuocation at Weſtminſter the contention renewed about the obedience of York to Cant. Alſo about Lincolne, Chicheſter, Worceſter, & Hereford, whether thoſe churches were vnderunder the ſea of York,Contention betwixt Yorke, and Canterb. or not. About thoſe matters grew ſuch contention betwixt the p. 170ſeas. that appeale was made to the ſea of Rome, on the one partie, and a Cardinall was ſent downe to make peace betwixt them for 5. yeres, til they ſhould hauehave full determination of their cauſe: and that the Archb. ſhould abſtaine from the claime to the church of S. Oſwald at Gloceſter, and moleſt the ſea of Yorke no more therein.

In the yéere 1176. 1176Richard, Archb. of Canterbury, made 3. archdeacons in his dioces, where there was wont to bée but one. About which time alſo, it was graunted by the king to the popes legate, that a Clearke ſhold not be called before a temporall iudge, except for offence in the forreſt, or for his lay fée which he holdeth. Item, that no Archb. or Biſhoprick ſhould remaine in the kings hands,No biſhoprick remain longer then one yeere in the K. hand. aboue one yéere, without great cauſe.

The ſame yéere, there was one at Canterbury, to be elect abbot in the houſe of S. Auſten, named Albert: who required the Archbiſhop to cōſecrate him in his owne Church: which the Archb. refuſed, requiring him to come to him rather. The matter grew hot betwixt thē, ſo that appellation was made to Alexander the pope, who through pence tooke the Abbots part, and inioyned the Archb. to ſatiſfie Alberts requeſt: who picked out a time, when the Abbot was about his houſhold affaires, abſent from home, & not finding him, departed, pretēding the fault of y^e abbot, in great diſdain. So the abbot diſappointed, filled his purſe, and went to Rome, and had his conſecration of the Pope himſelfe.Contention againe betwixt the Archbiſhops. This yéere began again the contention betwixt the Archbiſhops, for ſuperiority, at a councel at Weſtminſter, where Yorke took the right hand of the Cardinal, the popes legate: where about grew ſuch a cō tention, that words begate blowes, and the Archb. of Canterburies part pulled York from his ſeat to the ground: and al to teare his caſule, chimer, and Rochet from his backe; and put the legate in ſuch feare,From wordes to blowes. that he ranne away. The next day after, Yorke appealeth to Rome.

This king, though his dominions were greater then euer p. 171before him, yet neuer put taſke on his ſubiects, nor vponupon the ſpiritualtie any firſt fruits, or appropriations of benefices, & yet his treaſure after his death amounted to 900000. No taſke, nor firſt fruites.pounds, beſides Iewels and furniture.

Anno 1181. 1181The archbiſhop died, and his goods came to the king, which extended to 11000. pounds, beſide plate.

This king died, after he had liued with eſtimatiō of great valure and wiſedome in the gouernment 35. yéeres.The king died.

Pope Alexander ſat 21. yéeres, or as Griſburgenſis writeth 23. yéeres, This pope among many other his acts, had certaine Councels, ſome in France, and ſome at Rome in Laterane: by whom it was decréed that no Archb. ſhould receiue his pall, except he ſhould firſt ſweare.

The forme of the words wherby the pope is wont to giuegive his pal, are theſe: To the honor of almighty God,The forme of words in giuing the pall. & of bleſſed Mary the virgin, and of bleſſed S. Peter and Paul, and of our Lord, pope N. and of the holy church of Rome, and alſo of the Church of N. committed to our charge, we giuegive to you y^e pall taken from from the body of S. Peter, as a fulnes of the office pontificiall, which you may weare within your owne church vponupon certaine daies, that bee expreſſed in y^e priuileges of the ſame church granted by the ſea Apoſtolike.

The pope might weare the pall at all times,Order of the pall. and in all places at his pleaſure. It muſt be aſked within 3. moneths: without the which, any might be diſplaced. Alſo, it muſt be buryed with him to whom it belonged.

The biſhops make this oath to the Pope. I M, B. of N. from this houre hencefoorth, will be faithfull,The B. oath to the Pope. and obedient to bleſſed S. Peter, & to the holy apoſtolike church of Rome: and to my Lord N. the Pope. I ſhall be in no Councell, nor helpe, either with any conſent, or déede, where by either of them, or any of them, may be empaired: or whereby they may be taken with any euill taking. The Councell which they ſhal commit to me, either by themſelues, meſſengers, or by letters, wittingly, or willingly, I ſhall vtter to none: to p. 172their hinderance, and damage. To the mainteining of the papacy of Rome, and the regalities of S. Peter, I ſhall be an ayder (ſo mine order be ſaued) againſt all perſons. The Legate of the apoſtolike ſea, both in going, and comming, I ſhall honorably intreat, and helpe him in all neceſſities. Being called to a Synode, I ſhall be ready to come: vnleſſe I be let by ſome Canonicall empeachment. The palace of the Apoſtles eueryevery third yéere I ſhall viſit: eyther by my ſelfe, or by my meſſenger: except otherwiſe I be licenſed by the ſea apoſtolike. All ſuch poſſeſſions as belong to the Dioces of my Biſhoprike, I ſhall neither ſell, nor giuegive, nor lay to morgage, or leaſe out, or remooue away, by any manner of meanes (without the conſent and knowledge of the Biſhoppe of Rome) ſo God helpe mée, and the holy Goſpell of God.

Alſo among other decrées, in a Councel at Rome of 300. Biſhoppes, Chaſtitie was obtruded vponupon Prieſtes, and Thomas Beckette: and Bernarde were canonized for Saintes.T. Becket, and Bernard, canonized for Saints.

Anno 1184. 1184The French king came on Pilgrimage to Becket, the K. of England méeting him by the way.

After the death of Richard, Archbiſhoppe of Canterburie, who followed after Becket, ſuccéeded Baldwinus, Baldwinus.a Ciſtercian Monke.

Anno 1178. 1178In the Citie of Tholouſe, was a great multitude of men, and women, whome the Popes Commiſſioners did condemn for heretikes: of whom, ſome were ſcourged naked, ſome chaſed away, and other ſome compelled to abiure. They held againſt the reall preſence.

In the time of this Alexander the Pope, ſproong vp the doctrine, and name of them, which were called then, Pauperes de Lugduno, Pauperes de Lugduno.which of one Waldus, a chiefe Senator in Lions, were named Waldenſes.Waldenſes. They were alſo called Leoniſti, & Inſabbattati About the yere 1119. or, according to Laziardus, 1170. 1170About this time, or not long before, roſe p. 173vp Franciſcus, Franciſcus.and Dominicus, Dominicus.mainteners of blinde hypocriſie.

The originall of Waldenſes came vponupon this occaſion: 1130about the yere 1160. it fell out as the chiefe heads of the citie of Lions were walking, and talking according to their maner, of diuers affaires, one among them fell downe dead: wherat Waldus Waldus.being preſent was ſo terrified, that he was ſtroken with repentance, and indeuour to refourme his life: inſomuch that, firſt he began to miniſter large almes of his goods to ſuch as needed.

Secondly, to inſtruct himſelfe, and his familie, with the true knowledge of Gods word.

Thirdly, to admoniſh all them, which reſorted vntounto him vponupon any occaſion, to repentance, and vertuous amendment of life: whereby he drew much people vntounto him: to whome he gaue certaine rudiments, tranſlated out of the ſcripture, into the French tongue. The Prelates threatned him with excommunication, whereat hee was nothing abaſhed; but perſiſted conſtant, vntill with ſworde, impriſonment, and baniſhment, they draue Waldus, with all his fauourers, out of the Citie: who therefore, were called Pauperes de Lugduno, becauſe they were driuen from their Countrey, and diſpoſſeſſed of their goods. Their articles were theſe.

1 OnelyOnly the Scriptures are to bee beléeued in matters concerning faith.The doctrine of the Waldenſes.

2 All things neceſſarie to ſaluation, to be conteyned in the Scriptures.

3 That there is one onelyonly Mediator, and no Saints, to be inuocated.

4 No Purgatorie.

5 Maſſes to be wicked.

6 Mens traditions to be reiected in matters of ſaluation: againſt holy dayes, ſuperfluous chaunting, fixed faſtes, the degrées, and orders of Prieſtes, Nunnes, &c. Againſt vowes, and peregrinations.

p. 1747 Againſt the ſupremacie of the Pope.

8 Againſt receiuing in one kinde.

9 The Pope is Antichriſt, and Rome Babylon.

10 Againſt indulgences, and pardons.

11 Againſt vowes of chaſtitie.

12 That ſuch as heare the word, and hauehave a right faith, are the Church of Chriſt: and the keyes to be the preaching of the word, and miniſtring the Sacraments.

Theſe Waldenſes, at length exiled, were diſperſed into ſundrie, and diuers places: of whom many remayned long time in Bohemia, who writing to their king Vladiſlaus, to purge themſelues of the ſlaunderous accuſations of one D. Auguſtin, gaue vp their confeſſion, with an Apologie, which was no other doctrine than that which is taught at this day:The zeale of y^e Waldenſes. as appeareth by the report of Aeneas Siluius. They were deuout in praier, and diligent in reading the Scriptures. In ſo much, that Reinerius, a diligent Inquiſitor againſt them, reporteth, that he did heare, and ſée, a man of the Countrey, vnlettered,The Teſtamēt by heart. which could rehearſe the whole booke of Iob, worde for worde without the booke: and diuers other which had the new Teſtament by heart: and they were ſo painefull to inſtruct others, that he ſaith, he did heare (of one that knew the parties) that one of them did ſwimme ouer the riuer Ibis, to conuert one from the Romiſh religion, and to geue him inſtructions.

In the reigne of this K. Henrie, was gathered thorowe England and Fraunce, ij. d. of euerie pound, for the ſuccour of the Eaſt chriſtians againſt the Turkes: for ſuch was the affliction, that Pope Vrban 3. died for ſorow, & Gregorie 8. the next Pope after him, liued not two moneths.

Then in the dayes of P. Clement 3: king Henrie of England, and Philip the French king, the Duke of Burgundie, the Earle of Flaunders, the Earle of Cāpania, with diuers other chriſtiā princes, w^t a general conſent, vpō S. Georges day, took the mark of the croſſe vponupon thē: promiſing together p. 175to take their voiage to the holy land: at which time the king of England receiued firſt the Red croſſe,The markes of the croſſe to go to fight for the holy land. the French king the White croſſe, the Earle of Flanders the Gréene croſſe, and ſo other Princes other colours. But king Henry after the thrée yéeres were expired, in which he promiſed to performe his voiage, ſent to y^e pope for farther delay of his promiſſe, offering for the ſame to erect 3. monaſteries: which hee thus performed. In the Church of Waltham hee thruſt out the ſecular prieſts, & placed monkes in their roome, and repaired againe, & brought in the nunnes of Ameſbury, that were before excluded for their incontinent life. An. 1173.Incontinent life of nunnes.

About the fiue and twentith yéere of the raigne of this king Ludouicus the French king, by the viſion of Thomas Beckets appearing to him in his dreame, and promiſing him the recouery of his ſonne,K Lewes of France maketh pilgrimage to Becket. if he would reſort to him to Canterbury, made his iourney into England, to viſit S. Thomas at Canterbury, with Philip, Earle of Flanders: where hée offered a rich cup of gold, with other precious iewels, & 100. veſſels of wine yéerely, to the couent of the Church of Canterbury.

Anno 1178. 1178Albingenſes Albingenſesabout Tholouſe denied the reall preſence, and denied alſo matrimony to be a ſacrament.

The monkes of the Charterhouſe,Monks of the Charterhouſe. firſt entred into this Realme, an. 1180.

Anno 1187. 1187Baldwinus, Archbiſhop of Canterburie, began to buyld his new houſe, and church at Lambeth, but by letters of Pope Clement the third, he was forbidden to procéede any further.